Add regression test

tests/cases/compiler/typeInferenceCacheInvalidation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// @strict: true
+
+// Repro from #32230
+
+type Callback<TFoo, TBar> = (foo: TFoo, bar: TBar) => any
+
+declare function example<TFoo, TBar, TCallback extends Callback<TFoo, TBar>>(
+    foo: TFoo,
+    callback: TCallback,
+    bar: TBar,
+): TCallback
+
+example(42, (foo, bar) => ({
+    t: () => {
+        let s: string = bar;
+    }
+}), '42');
+
+example(42, (foo, bar) => ({
+    t() {
+        let s: string = bar;
+    }
+}), '42');