Internally, Git expects the environment variable `HOME` to be set, and
to point to the current user's home directory.
This environment variable is not set by default on Windows, and
therefore Git tries its best to construct one if it finds `HOME` unset.
There are actually two different approaches Git tries: first, it looks
at `HOMEDRIVE`/`HOMEPATH` because this is widely used in corporate
environments with roaming profiles, and a user generally wants their
global Git settings to be in a roaming profile.
Only when `HOMEDRIVE`/`HOMEPATH` is either unset or does not point to a
valid location, Git will fall back to using `USERPROFILE` instead.
However, starting with Windows Vista, for secondary logons and services,
the environment variables `HOMEDRIVE`/`HOMEPATH` point to Windows'
system directory (usually `C:\Windows\system32`).
That is undesirable, and that location is usually write-protected anyway.
So let's verify that the `HOMEDRIVE`/`HOMEPATH` combo does not point to
Windows' system directory before using it, falling back to `USERPROFILE`
if it does.
This fixes git-for-windows#2709
Initial-Path-by: Ivan Pozdeev <vano@mail.mipt.ru>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Git for Windows wants to add `git.exe` to the users' `PATH`, without
cluttering the latter with unnecessary executables such as `wish.exe`.
To that end, it invented the concept of its "Git wrapper", i.e. a tiny
executable located in `C:\Program Files\Git\cmd\git.exe` (originally a
CMD script) whose sole purpose is to set up a couple of environment
variables and then spawn the _actual_ `git.exe` (which nowadays lives in
`C:\Program Files\Git\mingw64\bin\git.exe` for 64-bit, and the obvious
equivalent for 32-bit installations).
Currently, the following environment variables are set unless already
initialized:
- `MSYSTEM`, to make sure that the MSYS2 Bash and the MSYS2 Perl
interpreter behave as expected, and
- `PLINK_PROTOCOL`, to force PuTTY's `plink.exe` to use the SSH
protocol instead of Telnet,
- `PATH`, to make sure that the `bin` folder in the user's home
directory, as well as the `/mingw64/bin` and the `/usr/bin`
directories are included. The trick here is that the `/mingw64/bin/`
and `/usr/bin/` directories are relative to the top-level installation
directory of Git for Windows (which the included Bash interprets as
`/`, i.e. as the MSYS pseudo root directory).
Using the absence of `MSYSTEM` as a tell-tale, we can detect in
`git.exe` whether these environment variables have been initialized
properly. Therefore we can call `C:\Program Files\Git\mingw64\bin\git`
in-place after this change, without having to call Git through the Git
wrapper.
Obviously, above-mentioned directories must be _prepended_ to the `PATH`
variable, otherwise we risk picking up executables from unrelated Git
installations. We do that by constructing the new `PATH` value from
scratch, appending `$HOME/bin` (if `HOME` is set), then the MSYS2 system
directories, and then appending the original `PATH`.
Side note: this modification of the `PATH` variable is independent of
the modification necessary to reach the executables and scripts in
`/mingw64/libexec/git-core/`, i.e. the `GIT_EXEC_PATH`. That
modification is still performed by Git, elsewhere, long after making the
changes described above.
While we _still_ cannot simply hard-link `mingw64\bin\git.exe` to `cmd`
(because the former depends on a couple of `.dll` files that are only in
`mingw64\bin`, i.e. calling `...\cmd\git.exe` would fail to load due to
missing dependencies), at least we can now avoid that extra process of
running the Git wrapper (which then has to wait for the spawned
`git.exe` to finish) by calling `...\mingw64\bin\git.exe` directly, via
its absolute path.
Testing this is in Git's test suite tricky: we set up a "new" MSYS
pseudo-root and copy the `git.exe` file into the appropriate location,
then verify that `MSYSTEM` is set properly, and also that the `PATH` is
modified so that scripts can be found in `$HOME/bin`, `/mingw64/bin/`
and `/usr/bin/`.
This addresses https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/issues/2283
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
A change between versions 2.4.1 and 2.6.0 of the MSYS2 runtime modified
how Cygwin's runtime (and hence Git for Windows' MSYS2 runtime
derivative) handles locales: d16a56306d (Consolidate wctomb/mbtowc calls
for POSIX-1.2008, 2016-07-20).
An unintended side-effect is that "cold-calling" into the POSIX
emulation will start with a locale based on the current code page,
something that Git for Windows is very ill-prepared for, as it expects
to be able to pass a command-line containing non-ASCII characters to the
shell without having those characters munged.
One symptom of this behavior: when `git clone` or `git fetch` shell out
to call `git-upload-pack` with a path that contains non-ASCII
characters, the shell tried to interpret the entire command-line
(including command-line parameters) as executable path, which obviously
must fail.
This fixes https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/issues/1036
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Another instance where `since_token` was expected to be non-`NULL`, but
apparently it is quite possible, as demonstrated by Scalar's Functional
Test suite.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Dash bug https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/dash/+bug/139097
lets the shell erroneously perform field splitting on the expansion of a
command substitution during declaration of a local variable. It causes
the parallel-checkout tests to fail e.g. when running them with
/bin/dash on MacOS 11.4, where they error out like this:
./t2080-parallel-checkout-basics.sh: 33: local: 0: bad variable name
That's because the output of wc -l contains leading spaces and the
returned number of lines is treated as another variable to declare, i.e.
as in "local workers= 0".
Work around it by enclosing the command substitution in quotes.
Helped-by: Matheus Tavares Bernardino <matheus.bernardino@usp.br>
Helped-by: SZEDER Gábor <szeder.dev@gmail.com>
Helped-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Some platforms, like NonStop do not automatically restart fsync()
when interrupted by a signal, even when that signal is setup with
SA_RESTART.
This can lead to test breakage, e.g., where "--progress" is used,
thus SIGALRM is sent often, and can interrupt an fsync() syscall.
Make sure we deal with such a case by retrying the syscall
ourselves. Luckily, we call fsync() fron a single wrapper,
fsync_or_die(), so the fix is fairly isolated.
Reported-by: Randall S. Becker <randall.becker@nexbridge.ca>
Helped-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Helped-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
[jc: the above two did most of the work---I just tied the loose end]
Helped-by: René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
This topic branch re-adds the deprecated --stdin/-z options to `git
reset`. Those patches were overridden by a different set of options in
the upstream Git project before we could propose `--stdin`.
We offered this in MinGit to applications that wanted a safer way to
pass lots of pathspecs to Git, and these applications will need to be
adjusted.
Instead of `--stdin`, `--pathspec-from-file=-` should be used, and
instead of `-z`, `--pathspec-file-nul`.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
This branch allows third-party tools to call `git status
--no-lock-index` to avoid lock contention with the interactive Git usage
of the actual human user.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
These are Git for Windows' Git GUI and gitk patches. We will have to
decide at some point what to do about them, but that's a little lower
priority (as Git GUI seems to be unmaintained for the time being, and
the gitk maintainer keeps a very low profile on the Git mailing list,
too).
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
This is the recommended way on GitHub to describe policies revolving around
security issues and about supported versions.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Git documentation refers to $HOME and $XDG_CONFIG_HOME often, but does not specify how or where these values come from on Windows where neither is set by default. The new documentation reflects the behavior of setup_windows_environment() in compat/mingw.c.
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Barreto <alejandro.barreto@ni.com>
Git for Windows accepts pull requests; Core Git does not. Therefore we
need to adjust the template (because it only matches core Git's
project management style, not ours).
Also: direct Git for Windows enhancements to their contributions page,
space out the text for easy reading, and clarify that the mailing list
is plain text, not HTML.
Signed-off-by: Philip Oakley <philipoakley@iee.org>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Getting started contributing to Git can be difficult on a Windows
machine. CONTRIBUTING.md contains a guide to getting started, including
detailed steps for setting up build tools, running tests, and
submitting patches to upstream.
[includes an example by Pratik Karki how to submit v2, v3, v4, etc.]
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Rather than using private IFTTT Applets that send mails to this
maintainer whenever a new version of a Git for Windows component was
released, let's use the power of GitHub workflows to make this process
publicly visible.
This workflow monitors the Atom/RSS feeds, and opens a ticket whenever a
new version was released.
Note: Bash sometimes releases multiple patched versions within a few
minutes of each other (i.e. 5.1p1 through 5.1p4, 5.0p15 and 5.0p16). The
MSYS2 runtime also has a similar system. We can address those patches as
a group, so we shouldn't get multiple issues about them.
Note further: We're not acting on newlib releases, OpenSSL alphas, Perl
release candidates or non-stable Perl releases. There's no need to open
issues about them.
Co-authored-by: Matthias Aßhauer <mha1993@live.de>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
The `--stdin` option was a well-established paradigm in other commands,
therefore we implemented it in `git reset` for use by Visual Studio.
Unfortunately, upstream Git decided that it is time to introduce
`--pathspec-from-file` instead.
To keep backwards-compatibility for some grace period, we therefore
reinstate the `--stdin` option on top of the `--pathspec-from-file`
option, but mark it firmly as deprecated.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
It was a bad idea to just remove that option from Git for Windows
v2.15.0, as early users of that (still experimental) option would have
been puzzled what they are supposed to do now.
So let's reintroduce the flag, but make sure to show the user good
advice how to fix this going forward.
We'll remove this option in a more orderly fashion when we're certain
that the option is no longer used (previous Visual Studio versions
relied on it).
The option is deprecated now, therefore we make sure that keeps saying
so until we finally remove it.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
When a third-party tool periodically runs `git status` in order to keep
track of the state of the working tree, it is a bad idea to lock the
index: it might interfere with interactive commands executed by the
user, e.g. when the user wants to commit files.
Git for Windows introduced the `--no-lock-index` option a long time ago
to fix that (it made it into Git for Windows v2.9.2(3)) by simply
avoiding to write that file.
The downside is that the periodic `git status` calls will be a little
bit more wasteful because they may have to refresh the index repeatedly,
only to throw away the updates when it exits. This cannot really be
helped, though, as tools wanting to get a periodic update of the status
have no way to predict when the user may want to lock the index herself.
Sadly, a competing approach was submitted (by somebody who apparently
has less work on their plate than this maintainer) that made it into
v2.15.0 but is *different*: instead of a `git status`-only option, it is
an option that comes *before* the Git command and is called differently,
too.
Let's give previous users a chance to upgrade to newer Git for Windows
versions by handling the `--no-lock-index` option, still, though with a
big fat warning.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
The Git project followed suite and added their Code of Conduct, based on
the Contributors' Covenant v1.4.
We edit it slightly to reflect Git for Windows' particulars.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Previously, we did not install any handler for Ctrl+C, but now we really
want to because the MSYS2 runtime learned the trick to call the
ConsoleCtrlHandler when Ctrl+C was pressed.
With this, hitting Ctrl+C while `git log` is running will only terminate
the Git process, but not the pager. This finally matches the behavior on
Linux and on macOS.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
The TerminateProcess() function does not actually leave the child
processes any chance to perform any cleanup operations. This is bad
insofar as Git itself expects its signal handlers to run.
A symptom is e.g. a left-behind .lock file that would not be left behind
if the same operation was run, say, on Linux.
To remedy this situation, we use an obscure trick: we inject a thread
into the process that needs to be killed and to let that thread run the
ExitProcess() function with the desired exit status. Thanks J Wyman for
describing this trick.
The advantage is that the ExitProcess() function lets the atexit
handlers run. While this is still different from what Git expects (i.e.
running a signal handler), in practice Git sets up signal handlers and
atexit handlers that call the same code to clean up after itself.
In case that the gentle method to terminate the process failed, we still
fall back to calling TerminateProcess(), but in that case we now also
make sure that processes spawned by the spawned process are terminated;
TerminateProcess() does not give the spawned process a chance to do so
itself.
Please note that this change only affects how Git for Windows tries to
terminate processes spawned by Git's own executables. Third-party
software that *calls* Git and wants to terminate it *still* need to make
sure to imitate this gentle method, otherwise this patch will not have
any effect.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
The Makefile target `install-mingit-test-artifacts` simply copies stuff
and things directly into a MinGit directory, including an init.bat
script to set everything up so that the tests can be run in a cmd
window.
Sadly, Git's test suite still relies on a Perl interpreter even if
compiled with NO_PERL=YesPlease. We punt for now, installing a small
script into /usr/bin/perl that hands off to an existing Perl of a Git
for Windows SDK.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
On Windows, the current working directory is pretty much guaranteed to
contain a colon. If we feed that path to CVS, it mistakes it for a
separator between host and port, though.
This has not been a problem so far because Git for Windows uses MSYS2's
Bash using a POSIX emulation layer that also pretends that the current
directory is a Unix path (at least as long as we're in a shell script).
However, that is rather limiting, as Git for Windows also explores other
ports of other Unix shells. One of those is BusyBox-w32's ash, which is
a native port (i.e. *not* using any POSIX emulation layer, and certainly
not emulating Unix paths).
So let's just detect if there is a colon in $PWD and punt in that case.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Git for Windows uses MSYS2's Bash to run the test suite, which comes
with benefits but also at a heavy price: on the plus side, MSYS2's
POSIX emulation layer allows us to continue pretending that we are on a
Unix system, e.g. use Unix paths instead of Windows ones, yet this is
bought at a rather noticeable performance penalty.
There *are* some more native ports of Unix shells out there, though,
most notably BusyBox-w32's ash. These native ports do not use any POSIX
emulation layer (or at most a *very* thin one, choosing to avoid
features such as fork() that are expensive to emulate on Windows), and
they use native Windows paths (usually with forward slashes instead of
backslashes, which is perfectly legal in almost all use cases).
And here comes the problem: with a $PWD looking like, say,
C:/git-sdk-64/usr/src/git/t/trash directory.t5813-proto-disable-ssh
Git's test scripts get quite a bit confused, as their assumptions have
been shattered. Not only does this path contain a colon (oh no!), it
also does not start with a slash.
This is a problem e.g. when constructing a URL as t5813 does it:
ssh://remote$PWD. Not only is it impossible to separate the "host" from
the path with a $PWD as above, even prefixing $PWD by a slash won't
work, as /C:/git-sdk-64/... is not a valid path.
As a workaround, detect when $PWD does not start with a slash on
Windows, and simply strip the drive prefix, using an obscure feature of
Windows paths: if an absolute Windows path starts with a slash, it is
implicitly prefixed by the drive prefix of the current directory. As we
are talking about the current directory here, anyway, that strategy
works.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
When t5605 tries to verify that files are hardlinked (or that they are
not), it uses the `-links` option of the `find` utility.
BusyBox' implementation does not support that option, and BusyBox-w32's
lstat() does not even report the number of hard links correctly (for
performance reasons).
So let's just switch to a different method that actually works on
Windows.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
While it may seem super convenient to some old Unix hands to simpy
require Perl to be available when running the test suite, this is a
major hassle on Windows, where we want to verify that Perl is not,
actually, required in a NO_PERL build.
As a super ugly workaround, we "install" a script into /usr/bin/perl
reading like this:
#!/bin/sh
# We'd much rather avoid requiring Perl altogether when testing
# an installed Git. Oh well, that's why we cannot have nice
# things.
exec c:/git-sdk-64/usr/bin/perl.exe "$@"
The problem with that is that BusyBox assumes that the #! line in a
script refers to an executable, not to a script. So when it encounters
the line #!/usr/bin/perl in t5532's proxy-get-cmd, it barfs.
Let's help this situation by simply executing the Perl script with the
"interpreter" specified explicitly.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
