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Import the source code of mimalloc

Browse Source 
This commit imports mimalloc's source code as per v2.0.6, fetched from
the tag at https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc.

The .c files are from the src/ subdirectory, and the .h files from the
include/ subdirectory. We will subsequently modify the source code to
accommodate building within Git's context.

Since we plan on using the `mi_*()` family of functions, we skip the
C++-specific source code, some POSIX compliant functions to interact
with mimalloc, and the code that wants to support auto-magic overriding
of the `malloc()` function (mimalloc-new-delete.h, alloc-posix.c,
mimalloc-override.h, alloc-override.c, alloc-override-osx.c,
alloc-override-win.c and static.c).

To appease the `check-whitespace` job of Git's Continuous Integration,
this commit was washed one time via `git rebase --whitespace=fix`.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
This commit is contained in:
Johannes Schindelin
2019-06-24 21:31:30 +02:00
parent 394f50e78b
commit 908903e6fe
22 changed files with 12712 additions and 0 deletions
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1
Makefile
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@@ -1328,6 +1328,7 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/write-tree.o
# upstream unnecessarily (making merging in future changes easier).
THIRD_PARTY_SOURCES += compat/inet_ntop.c
THIRD_PARTY_SOURCES += compat/inet_pton.c
THIRD_PARTY_SOURCES += compat/mimalloc/%
THIRD_PARTY_SOURCES += compat/nedmalloc/%
THIRD_PARTY_SOURCES += compat/obstack.%
THIRD_PARTY_SOURCES += compat/poll/%

21
compat/mimalloc/LICENSE Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Microsoft Corporation, Daan Leijen
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

260
compat/mimalloc/alloc-aligned.c Normal file
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/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2018-2021, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "mimalloc.h"
#include "mimalloc-internal.h"
#include <string.h> // memset
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Aligned Allocation
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Fallback primitive aligned allocation -- split out for better codegen
static mi_decl_noinline void* mi_heap_malloc_zero_aligned_at_fallback(mi_heap_t* const heap, const size_t size, const size_t alignment, const size_t offset, const bool zero) mi_attr_noexcept
{
mi_assert_internal(size <= PTRDIFF_MAX);
mi_assert_internal(alignment!=0 && _mi_is_power_of_two(alignment) && alignment <= MI_ALIGNMENT_MAX);
const uintptr_t align_mask = alignment-1; // for any x, `(x & align_mask) == (x % alignment)`
const size_t padsize = size + MI_PADDING_SIZE;
// use regular allocation if it is guaranteed to fit the alignment constraints
if (offset==0 && alignment<=padsize && padsize<=MI_MAX_ALIGN_GUARANTEE && (padsize&align_mask)==0) {
void* p = _mi_heap_malloc_zero(heap, size, zero);
mi_assert_internal(p == NULL || ((uintptr_t)p % alignment) == 0);
return p;
}
// otherwise over-allocate
void* p = _mi_heap_malloc_zero(heap, size + alignment - 1, zero);
if (p == NULL) return NULL;
// .. and align within the allocation
uintptr_t adjust = alignment - (((uintptr_t)p + offset) & align_mask);
mi_assert_internal(adjust <= alignment);
void* aligned_p = (adjust == alignment ? p : (void*)((uintptr_t)p + adjust));
if (aligned_p != p) mi_page_set_has_aligned(_mi_ptr_page(p), true);
mi_assert_internal(((uintptr_t)aligned_p + offset) % alignment == 0);
mi_assert_internal(p == _mi_page_ptr_unalign(_mi_ptr_segment(aligned_p), _mi_ptr_page(aligned_p), aligned_p));
return aligned_p;
}
// Primitive aligned allocation
static void* mi_heap_malloc_zero_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* const heap, const size_t size, const size_t alignment, const size_t offset, const bool zero) mi_attr_noexcept
{
// note: we don't require `size > offset`, we just guarantee that the address at offset is aligned regardless of the allocated size.
mi_assert(alignment > 0);
if (mi_unlikely(alignment==0 || !_mi_is_power_of_two(alignment))) { // require power-of-two (see <https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/memory/aligned_alloc>)
#if MI_DEBUG > 0
_mi_error_message(EOVERFLOW, "aligned allocation requires the alignment to be a power-of-two (size %zu, alignment %zu)\n", size, alignment);
#endif
return NULL;
}
if (mi_unlikely(alignment > MI_ALIGNMENT_MAX)) { // we cannot align at a boundary larger than this (or otherwise we cannot find segment headers)
#if MI_DEBUG > 0
_mi_error_message(EOVERFLOW, "aligned allocation has a maximum alignment of %zu (size %zu, alignment %zu)\n", MI_ALIGNMENT_MAX, size, alignment);
#endif
return NULL;
}
if (mi_unlikely(size > PTRDIFF_MAX)) { // we don't allocate more than PTRDIFF_MAX (see <https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-announce/2019/msg00001.html>)
#if MI_DEBUG > 0
_mi_error_message(EOVERFLOW, "aligned allocation request is too large (size %zu, alignment %zu)\n", size, alignment);
#endif
return NULL;
}
const uintptr_t align_mask = alignment-1; // for any x, `(x & align_mask) == (x % alignment)`
const size_t padsize = size + MI_PADDING_SIZE; // note: cannot overflow due to earlier size > PTRDIFF_MAX check
// try first if there happens to be a small block available with just the right alignment
if (mi_likely(padsize <= MI_SMALL_SIZE_MAX)) {
mi_page_t* page = _mi_heap_get_free_small_page(heap, padsize);
const bool is_aligned = (((uintptr_t)page->free+offset) & align_mask)==0;
if (mi_likely(page->free != NULL && is_aligned))
{
#if MI_STAT>1
mi_heap_stat_increase(heap, malloc, size);
#endif
void* p = _mi_page_malloc(heap, page, padsize); // TODO: inline _mi_page_malloc
mi_assert_internal(p != NULL);
mi_assert_internal(((uintptr_t)p + offset) % alignment == 0);
if (zero) { _mi_block_zero_init(page, p, size); }
return p;
}
}
// fallback
return mi_heap_malloc_zero_aligned_at_fallback(heap, size, alignment, offset, zero);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Optimized mi_heap_malloc_aligned / mi_malloc_aligned
// ------------------------------------------------------
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_malloc_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_malloc_zero_aligned_at(heap, size, alignment, offset, false);
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_malloc_aligned(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
#if !MI_PADDING
// without padding, any small sized allocation is naturally aligned (see also `_mi_segment_page_start`)
if (!_mi_is_power_of_two(alignment)) return NULL;
if (mi_likely(_mi_is_power_of_two(size) && size >= alignment && size <= MI_SMALL_SIZE_MAX))
#else
// with padding, we can only guarantee this for fixed alignments
if (mi_likely((alignment == sizeof(void*) || (alignment == MI_MAX_ALIGN_SIZE && size > (MI_MAX_ALIGN_SIZE/2)))
&& size <= MI_SMALL_SIZE_MAX))
#endif
{
// fast path for common alignment and size
return mi_heap_malloc_small(heap, size);
}
else {
return mi_heap_malloc_aligned_at(heap, size, alignment, 0);
}
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Aligned Allocation
// ------------------------------------------------------
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_zalloc_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_malloc_zero_aligned_at(heap, size, alignment, offset, true);
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_zalloc_aligned(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_zalloc_aligned_at(heap, size, alignment, 0);
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_calloc_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t count, size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept {
size_t total;
if (mi_count_size_overflow(count, size, &total)) return NULL;
return mi_heap_zalloc_aligned_at(heap, total, alignment, offset);
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_calloc_aligned(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t count, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_calloc_aligned_at(heap,count,size,alignment,0);
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_malloc_aligned_at(size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_malloc_aligned_at(mi_get_default_heap(), size, alignment, offset);
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_malloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_malloc_aligned(mi_get_default_heap(), size, alignment);
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_zalloc_aligned_at(size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_zalloc_aligned_at(mi_get_default_heap(), size, alignment, offset);
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_zalloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_zalloc_aligned(mi_get_default_heap(), size, alignment);
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_calloc_aligned_at(size_t count, size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_calloc_aligned_at(mi_get_default_heap(), count, size, alignment, offset);
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_calloc_aligned(size_t count, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_calloc_aligned(mi_get_default_heap(), count, size, alignment);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Aligned re-allocation
// ------------------------------------------------------
static void* mi_heap_realloc_zero_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment, size_t offset, bool zero) mi_attr_noexcept {
mi_assert(alignment > 0);
if (alignment <= sizeof(uintptr_t)) return _mi_heap_realloc_zero(heap,p,newsize,zero);
if (p == NULL) return mi_heap_malloc_zero_aligned_at(heap,newsize,alignment,offset,zero);
size_t size = mi_usable_size(p);
if (newsize <= size && newsize >= (size - (size / 2))
&& (((uintptr_t)p + offset) % alignment) == 0) {
return p; // reallocation still fits, is aligned and not more than 50% waste
}
else {
void* newp = mi_heap_malloc_aligned_at(heap,newsize,alignment,offset);
if (newp != NULL) {
if (zero && newsize > size) {
const mi_page_t* page = _mi_ptr_page(newp);
if (page->is_zero) {
// already zero initialized
mi_assert_expensive(mi_mem_is_zero(newp,newsize));
}
else {
// also set last word in the previous allocation to zero to ensure any padding is zero-initialized
size_t start = (size >= sizeof(intptr_t) ? size - sizeof(intptr_t) : 0);
memset((uint8_t*)newp + start, 0, newsize - start);
}
}
_mi_memcpy_aligned(newp, p, (newsize > size ? size : newsize));
mi_free(p); // only free if successful
}
return newp;
}
}
static void* mi_heap_realloc_zero_aligned(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment, bool zero) mi_attr_noexcept {
mi_assert(alignment > 0);
if (alignment <= sizeof(uintptr_t)) return _mi_heap_realloc_zero(heap,p,newsize,zero);
size_t offset = ((uintptr_t)p % alignment); // use offset of previous allocation (p can be NULL)
return mi_heap_realloc_zero_aligned_at(heap,p,newsize,alignment,offset,zero);
}
void* mi_heap_realloc_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_realloc_zero_aligned_at(heap,p,newsize,alignment,offset,false);
}
void* mi_heap_realloc_aligned(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_realloc_zero_aligned(heap,p,newsize,alignment,false);
}
void* mi_heap_rezalloc_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_realloc_zero_aligned_at(heap, p, newsize, alignment, offset, true);
}
void* mi_heap_rezalloc_aligned(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_realloc_zero_aligned(heap, p, newsize, alignment, true);
}
void* mi_heap_recalloc_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept {
size_t total;
if (mi_count_size_overflow(newcount, size, &total)) return NULL;
return mi_heap_rezalloc_aligned_at(heap, p, total, alignment, offset);
}
void* mi_heap_recalloc_aligned(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
size_t total;
if (mi_count_size_overflow(newcount, size, &total)) return NULL;
return mi_heap_rezalloc_aligned(heap, p, total, alignment);
}
void* mi_realloc_aligned_at(void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_realloc_aligned_at(mi_get_default_heap(), p, newsize, alignment, offset);
}
void* mi_realloc_aligned(void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_realloc_aligned(mi_get_default_heap(), p, newsize, alignment);
}
void* mi_rezalloc_aligned_at(void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_rezalloc_aligned_at(mi_get_default_heap(), p, newsize, alignment, offset);
}
void* mi_rezalloc_aligned(void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_rezalloc_aligned(mi_get_default_heap(), p, newsize, alignment);
}
void* mi_recalloc_aligned_at(void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_recalloc_aligned_at(mi_get_default_heap(), p, newcount, size, alignment, offset);
}
void* mi_recalloc_aligned(void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_recalloc_aligned(mi_get_default_heap(), p, newcount, size, alignment);
}

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compat/mimalloc/alloc.c Normal file
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/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2018-2022, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#ifndef _DEFAULT_SOURCE
#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE // for realpath() on Linux
#endif
#include "mimalloc.h"
#include "mimalloc-internal.h"
#include "mimalloc-atomic.h"
#include <string.h> // memset, strlen
#include <stdlib.h> // malloc, exit
#define MI_IN_ALLOC_C
#include "alloc-override.c"
#undef MI_IN_ALLOC_C
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Allocation
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Fast allocation in a page: just pop from the free list.
// Fall back to generic allocation only if the list is empty.
extern inline void* _mi_page_malloc(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_t* page, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
mi_assert_internal(page->xblock_size==0||mi_page_block_size(page) >= size);
mi_block_t* const block = page->free;
if (mi_unlikely(block == NULL)) {
return _mi_malloc_generic(heap, size);
}
mi_assert_internal(block != NULL && _mi_ptr_page(block) == page);
// pop from the free list
page->used++;
page->free = mi_block_next(page, block);
mi_assert_internal(page->free == NULL || _mi_ptr_page(page->free) == page);
#if (MI_DEBUG>0)
if (!page->is_zero) { memset(block, MI_DEBUG_UNINIT, size); }
#elif (MI_SECURE!=0)
block->next = 0; // don't leak internal data
#endif
#if (MI_STAT>0)
const size_t bsize = mi_page_usable_block_size(page);
if (bsize <= MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX) {
mi_heap_stat_increase(heap, normal, bsize);
mi_heap_stat_counter_increase(heap, normal_count, 1);
#if (MI_STAT>1)
const size_t bin = _mi_bin(bsize);
mi_heap_stat_increase(heap, normal_bins[bin], 1);
#endif
}
#endif
#if (MI_PADDING > 0) && defined(MI_ENCODE_FREELIST)
mi_padding_t* const padding = (mi_padding_t*)((uint8_t*)block + mi_page_usable_block_size(page));
ptrdiff_t delta = ((uint8_t*)padding - (uint8_t*)block - (size - MI_PADDING_SIZE));
mi_assert_internal(delta >= 0 && mi_page_usable_block_size(page) >= (size - MI_PADDING_SIZE + delta));
padding->canary = (uint32_t)(mi_ptr_encode(page,block,page->keys));
padding->delta = (uint32_t)(delta);
uint8_t* fill = (uint8_t*)padding - delta;
const size_t maxpad = (delta > MI_MAX_ALIGN_SIZE ? MI_MAX_ALIGN_SIZE : delta); // set at most N initial padding bytes
for (size_t i = 0; i < maxpad; i++) { fill[i] = MI_DEBUG_PADDING; }
#endif
return block;
}
// allocate a small block
extern inline mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_malloc_small(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
mi_assert(heap!=NULL);
mi_assert(heap->thread_id == 0 || heap->thread_id == _mi_thread_id()); // heaps are thread local
mi_assert(size <= MI_SMALL_SIZE_MAX);
#if (MI_PADDING)
if (size == 0) {
size = sizeof(void*);
}
#endif
mi_page_t* page = _mi_heap_get_free_small_page(heap,size + MI_PADDING_SIZE);
void* p = _mi_page_malloc(heap, page, size + MI_PADDING_SIZE);
mi_assert_internal(p==NULL || mi_usable_size(p) >= size);
#if MI_STAT>1
if (p != NULL) {
if (!mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) { heap = mi_get_default_heap(); }
mi_heap_stat_increase(heap, malloc, mi_usable_size(p));
}
#endif
return p;
}
extern inline mi_decl_restrict void* mi_malloc_small(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_malloc_small(mi_get_default_heap(), size);
}
// The main allocation function
extern inline mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_malloc(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
if (mi_likely(size <= MI_SMALL_SIZE_MAX)) {
return mi_heap_malloc_small(heap, size);
}
else {
mi_assert(heap!=NULL);
mi_assert(heap->thread_id == 0 || heap->thread_id == _mi_thread_id()); // heaps are thread local
void* const p = _mi_malloc_generic(heap, size + MI_PADDING_SIZE); // note: size can overflow but it is detected in malloc_generic
mi_assert_internal(p == NULL || mi_usable_size(p) >= size);
#if MI_STAT>1
if (p != NULL) {
if (!mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) { heap = mi_get_default_heap(); }
mi_heap_stat_increase(heap, malloc, mi_usable_size(p));
}
#endif
return p;
}
}
extern inline mi_decl_restrict void* mi_malloc(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_malloc(mi_get_default_heap(), size);
}
void _mi_block_zero_init(const mi_page_t* page, void* p, size_t size) {
// note: we need to initialize the whole usable block size to zero, not just the requested size,
// or the recalloc/rezalloc functions cannot safely expand in place (see issue #63)
MI_UNUSED(size);
mi_assert_internal(p != NULL);
mi_assert_internal(mi_usable_size(p) >= size); // size can be zero
mi_assert_internal(_mi_ptr_page(p)==page);
if (page->is_zero && size > sizeof(mi_block_t)) {
// already zero initialized memory
((mi_block_t*)p)->next = 0; // clear the free list pointer
mi_assert_expensive(mi_mem_is_zero(p, mi_usable_size(p)));
}
else {
// otherwise memset
memset(p, 0, mi_usable_size(p));
}
}
// zero initialized small block
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_zalloc_small(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
void* p = mi_malloc_small(size);
if (p != NULL) {
_mi_block_zero_init(_mi_ptr_page(p), p, size); // todo: can we avoid getting the page again?
}
return p;
}
void* _mi_heap_malloc_zero(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size, bool zero) mi_attr_noexcept {
void* p = mi_heap_malloc(heap,size);
if (zero && p != NULL) {
_mi_block_zero_init(_mi_ptr_page(p),p,size); // todo: can we avoid getting the page again?
}
return p;
}
extern inline mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_zalloc(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
return _mi_heap_malloc_zero(heap, size, true);
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_zalloc(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_zalloc(mi_get_default_heap(),size);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Check for double free in secure and debug mode
// This is somewhat expensive so only enabled for secure mode 4
// ------------------------------------------------------
#if (MI_ENCODE_FREELIST && (MI_SECURE>=4 || MI_DEBUG!=0))
// linear check if the free list contains a specific element
static bool mi_list_contains(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* list, const mi_block_t* elem) {
while (list != NULL) {
if (elem==list) return true;
list = mi_block_next(page, list);
}
return false;
}
static mi_decl_noinline bool mi_check_is_double_freex(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block) {
// The decoded value is in the same page (or NULL).
// Walk the free lists to verify positively if it is already freed
if (mi_list_contains(page, page->free, block) ||
mi_list_contains(page, page->local_free, block) ||
mi_list_contains(page, mi_page_thread_free(page), block))
{
_mi_error_message(EAGAIN, "double free detected of block %p with size %zu\n", block, mi_page_block_size(page));
return true;
}
return false;
}
static inline bool mi_check_is_double_free(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block) {
mi_block_t* n = mi_block_nextx(page, block, page->keys); // pretend it is freed, and get the decoded first field
if (((uintptr_t)n & (MI_INTPTR_SIZE-1))==0 && // quick check: aligned pointer?
(n==NULL || mi_is_in_same_page(block, n))) // quick check: in same page or NULL?
{
// Suspicous: decoded value a in block is in the same page (or NULL) -- maybe a double free?
// (continue in separate function to improve code generation)
return mi_check_is_double_freex(page, block);
}
return false;
}
#else
static inline bool mi_check_is_double_free(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block) {
MI_UNUSED(page);
MI_UNUSED(block);
return false;
}
#endif
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Check for heap block overflow by setting up padding at the end of the block
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#if (MI_PADDING>0) && defined(MI_ENCODE_FREELIST)
static bool mi_page_decode_padding(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block, size_t* delta, size_t* bsize) {
*bsize = mi_page_usable_block_size(page);
const mi_padding_t* const padding = (mi_padding_t*)((uint8_t*)block + *bsize);
*delta = padding->delta;
return ((uint32_t)mi_ptr_encode(page,block,page->keys) == padding->canary && *delta <= *bsize);
}
// Return the exact usable size of a block.
static size_t mi_page_usable_size_of(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block) {
size_t bsize;
size_t delta;
bool ok = mi_page_decode_padding(page, block, &delta, &bsize);
mi_assert_internal(ok); mi_assert_internal(delta <= bsize);
return (ok ? bsize - delta : 0);
}
static bool mi_verify_padding(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block, size_t* size, size_t* wrong) {
size_t bsize;
size_t delta;
bool ok = mi_page_decode_padding(page, block, &delta, &bsize);
*size = *wrong = bsize;
if (!ok) return false;
mi_assert_internal(bsize >= delta);
*size = bsize - delta;
uint8_t* fill = (uint8_t*)block + bsize - delta;
const size_t maxpad = (delta > MI_MAX_ALIGN_SIZE ? MI_MAX_ALIGN_SIZE : delta); // check at most the first N padding bytes
for (size_t i = 0; i < maxpad; i++) {
if (fill[i] != MI_DEBUG_PADDING) {
*wrong = bsize - delta + i;
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
static void mi_check_padding(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block) {
size_t size;
size_t wrong;
if (!mi_verify_padding(page,block,&size,&wrong)) {
_mi_error_message(EFAULT, "buffer overflow in heap block %p of size %zu: write after %zu bytes\n", block, size, wrong );
}
}
// When a non-thread-local block is freed, it becomes part of the thread delayed free
// list that is freed later by the owning heap. If the exact usable size is too small to
// contain the pointer for the delayed list, then shrink the padding (by decreasing delta)
// so it will later not trigger an overflow error in `mi_free_block`.
static void mi_padding_shrink(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block, const size_t min_size) {
size_t bsize;
size_t delta;
bool ok = mi_page_decode_padding(page, block, &delta, &bsize);
mi_assert_internal(ok);
if (!ok || (bsize - delta) >= min_size) return; // usually already enough space
mi_assert_internal(bsize >= min_size);
if (bsize < min_size) return; // should never happen
size_t new_delta = (bsize - min_size);
mi_assert_internal(new_delta < bsize);
mi_padding_t* padding = (mi_padding_t*)((uint8_t*)block + bsize);
padding->delta = (uint32_t)new_delta;
}
#else
static void mi_check_padding(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block) {
MI_UNUSED(page);
MI_UNUSED(block);
}
static size_t mi_page_usable_size_of(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block) {
MI_UNUSED(block);
return mi_page_usable_block_size(page);
}
static void mi_padding_shrink(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block, const size_t min_size) {
MI_UNUSED(page);
MI_UNUSED(block);
MI_UNUSED(min_size);
}
#endif
// only maintain stats for smaller objects if requested
#if (MI_STAT>0)
static void mi_stat_free(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block) {
#if (MI_STAT < 2)
MI_UNUSED(block);
#endif
mi_heap_t* const heap = mi_heap_get_default();
const size_t bsize = mi_page_usable_block_size(page);
#if (MI_STAT>1)
const size_t usize = mi_page_usable_size_of(page, block);
mi_heap_stat_decrease(heap, malloc, usize);
#endif
if (bsize <= MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX) {
mi_heap_stat_decrease(heap, normal, bsize);
#if (MI_STAT > 1)
mi_heap_stat_decrease(heap, normal_bins[_mi_bin(bsize)], 1);
#endif
}
else if (bsize <= MI_LARGE_OBJ_SIZE_MAX) {
mi_heap_stat_decrease(heap, large, bsize);
}
else {
mi_heap_stat_decrease(heap, huge, bsize);
}
}
#else
static void mi_stat_free(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block) {
MI_UNUSED(page); MI_UNUSED(block);
}
#endif
#if (MI_STAT>0)
// maintain stats for huge objects
static void mi_stat_huge_free(const mi_page_t* page) {
mi_heap_t* const heap = mi_heap_get_default();
const size_t bsize = mi_page_block_size(page); // to match stats in `page.c:mi_page_huge_alloc`
if (bsize <= MI_LARGE_OBJ_SIZE_MAX) {
mi_heap_stat_decrease(heap, large, bsize);
}
else {
mi_heap_stat_decrease(heap, huge, bsize);
}
}
#else
static void mi_stat_huge_free(const mi_page_t* page) {
MI_UNUSED(page);
}
#endif
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Free
// ------------------------------------------------------
// multi-threaded free
static mi_decl_noinline void _mi_free_block_mt(mi_page_t* page, mi_block_t* block)
{
// The padding check may access the non-thread-owned page for the key values.
// that is safe as these are constant and the page won't be freed (as the block is not freed yet).
mi_check_padding(page, block);
mi_padding_shrink(page, block, sizeof(mi_block_t)); // for small size, ensure we can fit the delayed thread pointers without triggering overflow detection
#if (MI_DEBUG!=0)
memset(block, MI_DEBUG_FREED, mi_usable_size(block));
#endif
// huge page segments are always abandoned and can be freed immediately
mi_segment_t* segment = _mi_page_segment(page);
if (segment->kind==MI_SEGMENT_HUGE) {
mi_stat_huge_free(page);
_mi_segment_huge_page_free(segment, page, block);
return;
}
// Try to put the block on either the page-local thread free list, or the heap delayed free list.
mi_thread_free_t tfreex;
bool use_delayed;
mi_thread_free_t tfree = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&page->xthread_free);
do {
use_delayed = (mi_tf_delayed(tfree) == MI_USE_DELAYED_FREE);
if (mi_unlikely(use_delayed)) {
// unlikely: this only happens on the first concurrent free in a page that is in the full list
tfreex = mi_tf_set_delayed(tfree,MI_DELAYED_FREEING);
}
else {
// usual: directly add to page thread_free list
mi_block_set_next(page, block, mi_tf_block(tfree));
tfreex = mi_tf_set_block(tfree,block);
}
} while (!mi_atomic_cas_weak_release(&page->xthread_free, &tfree, tfreex));
if (mi_unlikely(use_delayed)) {
// racy read on `heap`, but ok because MI_DELAYED_FREEING is set (see `mi_heap_delete` and `mi_heap_collect_abandon`)
mi_heap_t* const heap = (mi_heap_t*)(mi_atomic_load_acquire(&page->xheap)); //mi_page_heap(page);
mi_assert_internal(heap != NULL);
if (heap != NULL) {
// add to the delayed free list of this heap. (do this atomically as the lock only protects heap memory validity)
mi_block_t* dfree = mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(mi_block_t, &heap->thread_delayed_free);
do {
mi_block_set_nextx(heap,block,dfree, heap->keys);
} while (!mi_atomic_cas_ptr_weak_release(mi_block_t,&heap->thread_delayed_free, &dfree, block));
}
// and reset the MI_DELAYED_FREEING flag
tfree = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&page->xthread_free);
do {
tfreex = tfree;
mi_assert_internal(mi_tf_delayed(tfree) == MI_DELAYED_FREEING);
tfreex = mi_tf_set_delayed(tfree,MI_NO_DELAYED_FREE);
} while (!mi_atomic_cas_weak_release(&page->xthread_free, &tfree, tfreex));
}
}
// regular free
static inline void _mi_free_block(mi_page_t* page, bool local, mi_block_t* block)
{
// and push it on the free list
if (mi_likely(local)) {
// owning thread can free a block directly
if (mi_unlikely(mi_check_is_double_free(page, block))) return;
mi_check_padding(page, block);
#if (MI_DEBUG!=0)
memset(block, MI_DEBUG_FREED, mi_page_block_size(page));
#endif
mi_block_set_next(page, block, page->local_free);
page->local_free = block;
page->used--;
if (mi_unlikely(mi_page_all_free(page))) {
_mi_page_retire(page);
}
else if (mi_unlikely(mi_page_is_in_full(page))) {
_mi_page_unfull(page);
}
}
else {
_mi_free_block_mt(page,block);
}
}
// Adjust a block that was allocated aligned, to the actual start of the block in the page.
mi_block_t* _mi_page_ptr_unalign(const mi_segment_t* segment, const mi_page_t* page, const void* p) {
mi_assert_internal(page!=NULL && p!=NULL);
const size_t diff = (uint8_t*)p - _mi_page_start(segment, page, NULL);
const size_t adjust = (diff % mi_page_block_size(page));
return (mi_block_t*)((uintptr_t)p - adjust);
}
static void mi_decl_noinline mi_free_generic(const mi_segment_t* segment, bool local, void* p) mi_attr_noexcept {
mi_page_t* const page = _mi_segment_page_of(segment, p);
mi_block_t* const block = (mi_page_has_aligned(page) ? _mi_page_ptr_unalign(segment, page, p) : (mi_block_t*)p);
mi_stat_free(page, block);
_mi_free_block(page, local, block);
}
// Get the segment data belonging to a pointer
// This is just a single `and` in assembly but does further checks in debug mode
// (and secure mode) if this was a valid pointer.
static inline mi_segment_t* mi_checked_ptr_segment(const void* p, const char* msg)
{
MI_UNUSED(msg);
#if (MI_DEBUG>0)
if (mi_unlikely(((uintptr_t)p & (MI_INTPTR_SIZE - 1)) != 0)) {
_mi_error_message(EINVAL, "%s: invalid (unaligned) pointer: %p\n", msg, p);
return NULL;
}
#endif
mi_segment_t* const segment = _mi_ptr_segment(p);
if (mi_unlikely(segment == NULL)) return NULL; // checks also for (p==NULL)
#if (MI_DEBUG>0)
if (mi_unlikely(!mi_is_in_heap_region(p))) {
_mi_warning_message("%s: pointer might not point to a valid heap region: %p\n"
"(this may still be a valid very large allocation (over 64MiB))\n", msg, p);
if (mi_likely(_mi_ptr_cookie(segment) == segment->cookie)) {
_mi_warning_message("(yes, the previous pointer %p was valid after all)\n", p);
}
}
#endif
#if (MI_DEBUG>0 || MI_SECURE>=4)
if (mi_unlikely(_mi_ptr_cookie(segment) != segment->cookie)) {
_mi_error_message(EINVAL, "%s: pointer does not point to a valid heap space: %p\n", msg, p);
return NULL;
}
#endif
return segment;
}
// Free a block
void mi_free(void* p) mi_attr_noexcept
{
mi_segment_t* const segment = mi_checked_ptr_segment(p,"mi_free");
if (mi_unlikely(segment == NULL)) return;
mi_threadid_t tid = _mi_thread_id();
mi_page_t* const page = _mi_segment_page_of(segment, p);
if (mi_likely(tid == mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&segment->thread_id) && page->flags.full_aligned == 0)) { // the thread id matches and it is not a full page, nor has aligned blocks
// local, and not full or aligned
mi_block_t* block = (mi_block_t*)(p);
if (mi_unlikely(mi_check_is_double_free(page,block))) return;
mi_check_padding(page, block);
mi_stat_free(page, block);
#if (MI_DEBUG!=0)
memset(block, MI_DEBUG_FREED, mi_page_block_size(page));
#endif
mi_block_set_next(page, block, page->local_free);
page->local_free = block;
if (mi_unlikely(--page->used == 0)) { // using this expression generates better code than: page->used--; if (mi_page_all_free(page))
_mi_page_retire(page);
}
}
else {
// non-local, aligned blocks, or a full page; use the more generic path
// note: recalc page in generic to improve code generation
mi_free_generic(segment, tid == segment->thread_id, p);
}
}
bool _mi_free_delayed_block(mi_block_t* block) {
// get segment and page
const mi_segment_t* const segment = _mi_ptr_segment(block);
mi_assert_internal(_mi_ptr_cookie(segment) == segment->cookie);
mi_assert_internal(_mi_thread_id() == segment->thread_id);
mi_page_t* const page = _mi_segment_page_of(segment, block);
// Clear the no-delayed flag so delayed freeing is used again for this page.
// This must be done before collecting the free lists on this page -- otherwise
// some blocks may end up in the page `thread_free` list with no blocks in the
// heap `thread_delayed_free` list which may cause the page to be never freed!
// (it would only be freed if we happen to scan it in `mi_page_queue_find_free_ex`)
_mi_page_use_delayed_free(page, MI_USE_DELAYED_FREE, false /* dont overwrite never delayed */);
// collect all other non-local frees to ensure up-to-date `used` count
_mi_page_free_collect(page, false);
// and free the block (possibly freeing the page as well since used is updated)
_mi_free_block(page, true, block);
return true;
}
// Bytes available in a block
mi_decl_noinline static size_t mi_page_usable_aligned_size_of(const mi_segment_t* segment, const mi_page_t* page, const void* p) mi_attr_noexcept {
const mi_block_t* block = _mi_page_ptr_unalign(segment, page, p);
const size_t size = mi_page_usable_size_of(page, block);
const ptrdiff_t adjust = (uint8_t*)p - (uint8_t*)block;
mi_assert_internal(adjust >= 0 && (size_t)adjust <= size);
return (size - adjust);
}
static inline size_t _mi_usable_size(const void* p, const char* msg) mi_attr_noexcept {
const mi_segment_t* const segment = mi_checked_ptr_segment(p, msg);
if (segment==NULL) return 0; // also returns 0 if `p == NULL`
const mi_page_t* const page = _mi_segment_page_of(segment, p);
if (mi_likely(!mi_page_has_aligned(page))) {
const mi_block_t* block = (const mi_block_t*)p;
return mi_page_usable_size_of(page, block);
}
else {
// split out to separate routine for improved code generation
return mi_page_usable_aligned_size_of(segment, page, p);
}
}
size_t mi_usable_size(const void* p) mi_attr_noexcept {
return _mi_usable_size(p, "mi_usable_size");
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// ensure explicit external inline definitions are emitted!
// ------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef __cplusplus
void* _mi_externs[] = {
(void*)&_mi_page_malloc,
(void*)&mi_malloc,
(void*)&mi_malloc_small,
(void*)&mi_zalloc_small,
(void*)&mi_heap_malloc,
(void*)&mi_heap_zalloc,
(void*)&mi_heap_malloc_small
};
#endif
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Allocation extensions
// ------------------------------------------------------
void mi_free_size(void* p, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
MI_UNUSED_RELEASE(size);
mi_assert(p == NULL || size <= _mi_usable_size(p,"mi_free_size"));
mi_free(p);
}
void mi_free_size_aligned(void* p, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
MI_UNUSED_RELEASE(alignment);
mi_assert(((uintptr_t)p % alignment) == 0);
mi_free_size(p,size);
}
void mi_free_aligned(void* p, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
MI_UNUSED_RELEASE(alignment);
mi_assert(((uintptr_t)p % alignment) == 0);
mi_free(p);
}
extern inline mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_calloc(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
size_t total;
if (mi_count_size_overflow(count,size,&total)) return NULL;
return mi_heap_zalloc(heap,total);
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_calloc(size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_calloc(mi_get_default_heap(),count,size);
}
// Uninitialized `calloc`
extern mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_mallocn(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
size_t total;
if (mi_count_size_overflow(count, size, &total)) return NULL;
return mi_heap_malloc(heap, total);
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_mallocn(size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_mallocn(mi_get_default_heap(),count,size);
}
// Expand (or shrink) in place (or fail)
void* mi_expand(void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept {
#if MI_PADDING
// we do not shrink/expand with padding enabled
MI_UNUSED(p); MI_UNUSED(newsize);
return NULL;
#else
if (p == NULL) return NULL;
const size_t size = _mi_usable_size(p,"mi_expand");
if (newsize > size) return NULL;
return p; // it fits
#endif
}
void* _mi_heap_realloc_zero(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize, bool zero) mi_attr_noexcept {
const size_t size = _mi_usable_size(p,"mi_realloc"); // also works if p == NULL
if (mi_unlikely(newsize <= size && newsize >= (size / 2))) {
// todo: adjust potential padding to reflect the new size?
return p; // reallocation still fits and not more than 50% waste
}
void* newp = mi_heap_malloc(heap,newsize);
if (mi_likely(newp != NULL)) {
if (zero && newsize > size) {
// also set last word in the previous allocation to zero to ensure any padding is zero-initialized
const size_t start = (size >= sizeof(intptr_t) ? size - sizeof(intptr_t) : 0);
memset((uint8_t*)newp + start, 0, newsize - start);
}
if (mi_likely(p != NULL)) {
_mi_memcpy_aligned(newp, p, (newsize > size ? size : newsize));
mi_free(p); // only free the original pointer if successful
}
}
return newp;
}
void* mi_heap_realloc(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept {
return _mi_heap_realloc_zero(heap, p, newsize, false);
}
void* mi_heap_reallocn(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
size_t total;
if (mi_count_size_overflow(count, size, &total)) return NULL;
return mi_heap_realloc(heap, p, total);
}
// Reallocate but free `p` on errors
void* mi_heap_reallocf(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept {
void* newp = mi_heap_realloc(heap, p, newsize);
if (newp==NULL && p!=NULL) mi_free(p);
return newp;
}
void* mi_heap_rezalloc(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept {
return _mi_heap_realloc_zero(heap, p, newsize, true);
}
void* mi_heap_recalloc(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
size_t total;
if (mi_count_size_overflow(count, size, &total)) return NULL;
return mi_heap_rezalloc(heap, p, total);
}
void* mi_realloc(void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_realloc(mi_get_default_heap(),p,newsize);
}
void* mi_reallocn(void* p, size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_reallocn(mi_get_default_heap(),p,count,size);
}
// Reallocate but free `p` on errors
void* mi_reallocf(void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_reallocf(mi_get_default_heap(),p,newsize);
}
void* mi_rezalloc(void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_rezalloc(mi_get_default_heap(), p, newsize);
}
void* mi_recalloc(void* p, size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_recalloc(mi_get_default_heap(), p, count, size);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// strdup, strndup, and realpath
// ------------------------------------------------------
// `strdup` using mi_malloc
mi_decl_restrict char* mi_heap_strdup(mi_heap_t* heap, const char* s) mi_attr_noexcept {
if (s == NULL) return NULL;
size_t n = strlen(s);
char* t = (char*)mi_heap_malloc(heap,n+1);
if (t != NULL) _mi_memcpy(t, s, n + 1);
return t;
}
mi_decl_restrict char* mi_strdup(const char* s) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_strdup(mi_get_default_heap(), s);
}
// `strndup` using mi_malloc
mi_decl_restrict char* mi_heap_strndup(mi_heap_t* heap, const char* s, size_t n) mi_attr_noexcept {
if (s == NULL) return NULL;
const char* end = (const char*)memchr(s, 0, n); // find end of string in the first `n` characters (returns NULL if not found)
const size_t m = (end != NULL ? (size_t)(end - s) : n); // `m` is the minimum of `n` or the end-of-string
mi_assert_internal(m <= n);
char* t = (char*)mi_heap_malloc(heap, m+1);
if (t == NULL) return NULL;
_mi_memcpy(t, s, m);
t[m] = 0;
return t;
}
mi_decl_restrict char* mi_strndup(const char* s, size_t n) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_strndup(mi_get_default_heap(),s,n);
}
#ifndef __wasi__
// `realpath` using mi_malloc
#ifdef _WIN32
#ifndef PATH_MAX
#define PATH_MAX MAX_PATH
#endif
#include <windows.h>
mi_decl_restrict char* mi_heap_realpath(mi_heap_t* heap, const char* fname, char* resolved_name) mi_attr_noexcept {
// todo: use GetFullPathNameW to allow longer file names
char buf[PATH_MAX];
DWORD res = GetFullPathNameA(fname, PATH_MAX, (resolved_name == NULL ? buf : resolved_name), NULL);
if (res == 0) {
errno = GetLastError(); return NULL;
}
else if (res > PATH_MAX) {
errno = EINVAL; return NULL;
}
else if (resolved_name != NULL) {
return resolved_name;
}
else {
return mi_heap_strndup(heap, buf, PATH_MAX);
}
}
#else
#include <unistd.h> // pathconf
static size_t mi_path_max(void) {
static size_t path_max = 0;
if (path_max <= 0) {
long m = pathconf("/",_PC_PATH_MAX);
if (m <= 0) path_max = 4096; // guess
else if (m < 256) path_max = 256; // at least 256
else path_max = m;
}
return path_max;
}
char* mi_heap_realpath(mi_heap_t* heap, const char* fname, char* resolved_name) mi_attr_noexcept {
if (resolved_name != NULL) {
return realpath(fname,resolved_name);
}
else {
size_t n = mi_path_max();
char* buf = (char*)mi_malloc(n+1);
if (buf==NULL) return NULL;
char* rname = realpath(fname,buf);
char* result = mi_heap_strndup(heap,rname,n); // ok if `rname==NULL`
mi_free(buf);
return result;
}
}
#endif
mi_decl_restrict char* mi_realpath(const char* fname, char* resolved_name) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_heap_realpath(mi_get_default_heap(),fname,resolved_name);
}
#endif
/*-------------------------------------------------------
C++ new and new_aligned
The standard requires calling into `get_new_handler` and
throwing the bad_alloc exception on failure. If we compile
with a C++ compiler we can implement this precisely. If we
use a C compiler we cannot throw a `bad_alloc` exception
but we call `exit` instead (i.e. not returning).
-------------------------------------------------------*/
#ifdef __cplusplus
#include <new>
static bool mi_try_new_handler(bool nothrow) {
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || (__cplusplus >= 201103L)
std::new_handler h = std::get_new_handler();
#else
std::new_handler h = std::set_new_handler();
std::set_new_handler(h);
#endif
if (h==NULL) {
_mi_error_message(ENOMEM, "out of memory in 'new'");
if (!nothrow) {
throw std::bad_alloc();
}
return false;
}
else {
h();
return true;
}
}
#else
typedef void (*std_new_handler_t)(void);
#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__))
std_new_handler_t __attribute((weak)) _ZSt15get_new_handlerv(void) {
return NULL;
}
static std_new_handler_t mi_get_new_handler(void) {
return _ZSt15get_new_handlerv();
}
#else
// note: on windows we could dynamically link to `?get_new_handler@std@@YAP6AXXZXZ`.
static std_new_handler_t mi_get_new_handler() {
return NULL;
}
#endif
static bool mi_try_new_handler(bool nothrow) {
std_new_handler_t h = mi_get_new_handler();
if (h==NULL) {
_mi_error_message(ENOMEM, "out of memory in 'new'");
if (!nothrow) {
abort(); // cannot throw in plain C, use abort
}
return false;
}
else {
h();
return true;
}
}
#endif
static mi_decl_noinline void* mi_try_new(size_t size, bool nothrow ) {
void* p = NULL;
while(p == NULL && mi_try_new_handler(nothrow)) {
p = mi_malloc(size);
}
return p;
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_new(size_t size) {
void* p = mi_malloc(size);
if (mi_unlikely(p == NULL)) return mi_try_new(size,false);
return p;
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_new_nothrow(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
void* p = mi_malloc(size);
if (mi_unlikely(p == NULL)) return mi_try_new(size, true);
return p;
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_new_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment) {
void* p;
do {
p = mi_malloc_aligned(size, alignment);
}
while(p == NULL && mi_try_new_handler(false));
return p;
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_new_aligned_nothrow(size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept {
void* p;
do {
p = mi_malloc_aligned(size, alignment);
}
while(p == NULL && mi_try_new_handler(true));
return p;
}
mi_decl_restrict void* mi_new_n(size_t count, size_t size) {
size_t total;
if (mi_unlikely(mi_count_size_overflow(count, size, &total))) {
mi_try_new_handler(false); // on overflow we invoke the try_new_handler once to potentially throw std::bad_alloc
return NULL;
}
else {
return mi_new(total);
}
}
void* mi_new_realloc(void* p, size_t newsize) {
void* q;
do {
q = mi_realloc(p, newsize);
} while (q == NULL && mi_try_new_handler(false));
return q;
}
void* mi_new_reallocn(void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size) {
size_t total;
if (mi_unlikely(mi_count_size_overflow(newcount, size, &total))) {
mi_try_new_handler(false); // on overflow we invoke the try_new_handler once to potentially throw std::bad_alloc
return NULL;
}
else {
return mi_new_realloc(p, total);
}
}

446
compat/mimalloc/arena.c Normal file
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/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2019-2021, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Arenas" are fixed area's of OS memory from which we can allocate
large blocks (>= MI_ARENA_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE, 4MiB).
In contrast to the rest of mimalloc, the arenas are shared between
threads and need to be accessed using atomic operations.
Currently arenas are only used to for huge OS page (1GiB) reservations,
or direct OS memory reservations -- otherwise it delegates to direct allocation from the OS.
In the future, we can expose an API to manually add more kinds of arenas
which is sometimes needed for embedded devices or shared memory for example.
(We can also employ this with WASI or `sbrk` systems to reserve large arenas
on demand and be able to reuse them efficiently).
The arena allocation needs to be thread safe and we use an atomic bitmap to allocate.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "mimalloc.h"
#include "mimalloc-internal.h"
#include "mimalloc-atomic.h"
#include <string.h> // memset
#include <errno.h> // ENOMEM
#include "bitmap.h" // atomic bitmap
// os.c
void* _mi_os_alloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment, bool commit, bool* large, mi_stats_t* stats);
void _mi_os_free_ex(void* p, size_t size, bool was_committed, mi_stats_t* stats);
void* _mi_os_alloc_huge_os_pages(size_t pages, int numa_node, mi_msecs_t max_secs, size_t* pages_reserved, size_t* psize);
void _mi_os_free_huge_pages(void* p, size_t size, mi_stats_t* stats);
bool _mi_os_commit(void* p, size_t size, bool* is_zero, mi_stats_t* stats);
bool _mi_os_decommit(void* addr, size_t size, mi_stats_t* stats);
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Arena allocation
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// Block info: bit 0 contains the `in_use` bit, the upper bits the
// size in count of arena blocks.
typedef uintptr_t mi_block_info_t;
#define MI_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE (MI_SEGMENT_SIZE) // 8MiB (must be at least MI_SEGMENT_ALIGN)
#define MI_ARENA_MIN_OBJ_SIZE (MI_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE/2) // 4MiB
#define MI_MAX_ARENAS (64) // not more than 256 (since we use 8 bits in the memid)
// A memory arena descriptor
typedef struct mi_arena_s {
_Atomic(uint8_t*) start; // the start of the memory area
size_t block_count; // size of the area in arena blocks (of `MI_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE`)
size_t field_count; // number of bitmap fields (where `field_count * MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS >= block_count`)
int numa_node; // associated NUMA node
bool is_zero_init; // is the arena zero initialized?
bool allow_decommit; // is decommit allowed? if true, is_large should be false and blocks_committed != NULL
bool is_large; // large- or huge OS pages (always committed)
_Atomic(size_t) search_idx; // optimization to start the search for free blocks
mi_bitmap_field_t* blocks_dirty; // are the blocks potentially non-zero?
mi_bitmap_field_t* blocks_committed; // are the blocks committed? (can be NULL for memory that cannot be decommitted)
mi_bitmap_field_t blocks_inuse[1]; // in-place bitmap of in-use blocks (of size `field_count`)
} mi_arena_t;
// The available arenas
static mi_decl_cache_align _Atomic(mi_arena_t*) mi_arenas[MI_MAX_ARENAS];
static mi_decl_cache_align _Atomic(size_t) mi_arena_count; // = 0
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Arena allocations get a memory id where the lower 8 bits are
the arena index +1, and the upper bits the block index.
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// Use `0` as a special id for direct OS allocated memory.
#define MI_MEMID_OS 0
static size_t mi_arena_id_create(size_t arena_index, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_index) {
mi_assert_internal(arena_index < 0xFE);
mi_assert_internal(((bitmap_index << 8) >> 8) == bitmap_index); // no overflow?
return ((bitmap_index << 8) | ((arena_index+1) & 0xFF));
}
static void mi_arena_id_indices(size_t memid, size_t* arena_index, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_index) {
mi_assert_internal(memid != MI_MEMID_OS);
*arena_index = (memid & 0xFF) - 1;
*bitmap_index = (memid >> 8);
}
static size_t mi_block_count_of_size(size_t size) {
return _mi_divide_up(size, MI_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE);
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Thread safe allocation in an arena
----------------------------------------------------------- */
static bool mi_arena_alloc(mi_arena_t* arena, size_t blocks, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx)
{
size_t idx = 0; // mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&arena->search_idx); // start from last search; ok to be relaxed as the exact start does not matter
if (_mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim_across(arena->blocks_inuse, arena->field_count, idx, blocks, bitmap_idx)) {
mi_atomic_store_relaxed(&arena->search_idx, mi_bitmap_index_field(*bitmap_idx)); // start search from found location next time around
return true;
};
return false;
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Arena Allocation
----------------------------------------------------------- */
static mi_decl_noinline void* mi_arena_alloc_from(mi_arena_t* arena, size_t arena_index, size_t needed_bcount,
bool* commit, bool* large, bool* is_pinned, bool* is_zero, size_t* memid, mi_os_tld_t* tld)
{
mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_index;
if (!mi_arena_alloc(arena, needed_bcount, &bitmap_index)) return NULL;
// claimed it! set the dirty bits (todo: no need for an atomic op here?)
void* p = arena->start + (mi_bitmap_index_bit(bitmap_index)*MI_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE);
*memid = mi_arena_id_create(arena_index, bitmap_index);
*is_zero = _mi_bitmap_claim_across(arena->blocks_dirty, arena->field_count, needed_bcount, bitmap_index, NULL);
*large = arena->is_large;
*is_pinned = (arena->is_large || !arena->allow_decommit);
if (arena->blocks_committed == NULL) {
// always committed
*commit = true;
}
else if (*commit) {
// arena not committed as a whole, but commit requested: ensure commit now
bool any_uncommitted;
_mi_bitmap_claim_across(arena->blocks_committed, arena->field_count, needed_bcount, bitmap_index, &any_uncommitted);
if (any_uncommitted) {
bool commit_zero;
_mi_os_commit(p, needed_bcount * MI_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE, &commit_zero, tld->stats);
if (commit_zero) *is_zero = true;
}
}
else {
// no need to commit, but check if already fully committed
*commit = _mi_bitmap_is_claimed_across(arena->blocks_committed, arena->field_count, needed_bcount, bitmap_index);
}
return p;
}
static mi_decl_noinline void* mi_arena_allocate(int numa_node, size_t size, size_t alignment, bool* commit, bool* large, bool* is_pinned, bool* is_zero, size_t* memid, mi_os_tld_t* tld)
{
MI_UNUSED_RELEASE(alignment);
mi_assert_internal(alignment <= MI_SEGMENT_ALIGN);
const size_t max_arena = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&mi_arena_count);
const size_t bcount = mi_block_count_of_size(size);
if (mi_likely(max_arena == 0)) return NULL;
mi_assert_internal(size <= bcount*MI_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE);
// try numa affine allocation
for (size_t i = 0; i < max_arena; i++) {
mi_arena_t* arena = mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(mi_arena_t, &mi_arenas[i]);
if (arena==NULL) break; // end reached
if ((arena->numa_node<0 || arena->numa_node==numa_node) && // numa local?
(*large || !arena->is_large)) // large OS pages allowed, or arena is not large OS pages
{
void* p = mi_arena_alloc_from(arena, i, bcount, commit, large, is_pinned, is_zero, memid, tld);
mi_assert_internal((uintptr_t)p % alignment == 0);
if (p != NULL) {
return p;
}
}
}
// try from another numa node instead..
for (size_t i = 0; i < max_arena; i++) {
mi_arena_t* arena = mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(mi_arena_t, &mi_arenas[i]);
if (arena==NULL) break; // end reached
if ((arena->numa_node>=0 && arena->numa_node!=numa_node) && // not numa local!
(*large || !arena->is_large)) // large OS pages allowed, or arena is not large OS pages
{
void* p = mi_arena_alloc_from(arena, i, bcount, commit, large, is_pinned, is_zero, memid, tld);
mi_assert_internal((uintptr_t)p % alignment == 0);
if (p != NULL) {
return p;
}
}
}
return NULL;
}
void* _mi_arena_alloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment, bool* commit, bool* large, bool* is_pinned, bool* is_zero,
size_t* memid, mi_os_tld_t* tld)
{
mi_assert_internal(commit != NULL && is_pinned != NULL && is_zero != NULL && memid != NULL && tld != NULL);
mi_assert_internal(size > 0);
*memid = MI_MEMID_OS;
*is_zero = false;
*is_pinned = false;
bool default_large = false;
if (large==NULL) large = &default_large; // ensure `large != NULL`
const int numa_node = _mi_os_numa_node(tld); // current numa node
// try to allocate in an arena if the alignment is small enough and the object is not too small (as for heap meta data)
if (size >= MI_ARENA_MIN_OBJ_SIZE && alignment <= MI_SEGMENT_ALIGN) {
void* p = mi_arena_allocate(numa_node, size, alignment, commit, large, is_pinned, is_zero, memid, tld);
if (p != NULL) return p;
}
// finally, fall back to the OS
if (mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_limit_os_alloc)) {
errno = ENOMEM;
return NULL;
}
*is_zero = true;
*memid = MI_MEMID_OS;
void* p = _mi_os_alloc_aligned(size, alignment, *commit, large, tld->stats);
if (p != NULL) *is_pinned = *large;
return p;
}
void* _mi_arena_alloc(size_t size, bool* commit, bool* large, bool* is_pinned, bool* is_zero, size_t* memid, mi_os_tld_t* tld)
{
return _mi_arena_alloc_aligned(size, MI_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE, commit, large, is_pinned, is_zero, memid, tld);
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Arena free
----------------------------------------------------------- */
void _mi_arena_free(void* p, size_t size, size_t memid, bool all_committed, mi_os_tld_t* tld) {
mi_assert_internal(size > 0 && tld->stats != NULL);
if (p==NULL) return;
if (size==0) return;
if (memid == MI_MEMID_OS) {
// was a direct OS allocation, pass through
_mi_os_free_ex(p, size, all_committed, tld->stats);
}
else {
// allocated in an arena
size_t arena_idx;
size_t bitmap_idx;
mi_arena_id_indices(memid, &arena_idx, &bitmap_idx);
mi_assert_internal(arena_idx < MI_MAX_ARENAS);
mi_arena_t* arena = mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(mi_arena_t,&mi_arenas[arena_idx]);
mi_assert_internal(arena != NULL);
const size_t blocks = mi_block_count_of_size(size);
// checks
if (arena == NULL) {
_mi_error_message(EINVAL, "trying to free from non-existent arena: %p, size %zu, memid: 0x%zx\n", p, size, memid);
return;
}
mi_assert_internal(arena->field_count > mi_bitmap_index_field(bitmap_idx));
if (arena->field_count <= mi_bitmap_index_field(bitmap_idx)) {
_mi_error_message(EINVAL, "trying to free from non-existent arena block: %p, size %zu, memid: 0x%zx\n", p, size, memid);
return;
}
// potentially decommit
if (!arena->allow_decommit || arena->blocks_committed == NULL) {
mi_assert_internal(all_committed); // note: may be not true as we may "pretend" to be not committed (in segment.c)
}
else {
mi_assert_internal(arena->blocks_committed != NULL);
_mi_os_decommit(p, blocks * MI_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE, tld->stats); // ok if this fails
_mi_bitmap_unclaim_across(arena->blocks_committed, arena->field_count, blocks, bitmap_idx);
}
// and make it available to others again
bool all_inuse = _mi_bitmap_unclaim_across(arena->blocks_inuse, arena->field_count, blocks, bitmap_idx);
if (!all_inuse) {
_mi_error_message(EAGAIN, "trying to free an already freed block: %p, size %zu\n", p, size);
return;
};
}
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Add an arena.
----------------------------------------------------------- */
static bool mi_arena_add(mi_arena_t* arena) {
mi_assert_internal(arena != NULL);
mi_assert_internal((uintptr_t)mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(uint8_t,&arena->start) % MI_SEGMENT_ALIGN == 0);
mi_assert_internal(arena->block_count > 0);
size_t i = mi_atomic_increment_acq_rel(&mi_arena_count);
if (i >= MI_MAX_ARENAS) {
mi_atomic_decrement_acq_rel(&mi_arena_count);
return false;
}
mi_atomic_store_ptr_release(mi_arena_t,&mi_arenas[i], arena);
return true;
}
bool mi_manage_os_memory(void* start, size_t size, bool is_committed, bool is_large, bool is_zero, int numa_node) mi_attr_noexcept
{
if (size < MI_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE) return false;
if (is_large) {
mi_assert_internal(is_committed);
is_committed = true;
}
const size_t bcount = size / MI_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE;
const size_t fields = _mi_divide_up(bcount, MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS);
const size_t bitmaps = (is_committed ? 2 : 3);
const size_t asize = sizeof(mi_arena_t) + (bitmaps*fields*sizeof(mi_bitmap_field_t));
mi_arena_t* arena = (mi_arena_t*)_mi_os_alloc(asize, &_mi_stats_main); // TODO: can we avoid allocating from the OS?
if (arena == NULL) return false;
arena->block_count = bcount;
arena->field_count = fields;
arena->start = (uint8_t*)start;
arena->numa_node = numa_node; // TODO: or get the current numa node if -1? (now it allows anyone to allocate on -1)
arena->is_large = is_large;
arena->is_zero_init = is_zero;
arena->allow_decommit = !is_large && !is_committed; // only allow decommit for initially uncommitted memory
arena->search_idx = 0;
arena->blocks_dirty = &arena->blocks_inuse[fields]; // just after inuse bitmap
arena->blocks_committed = (!arena->allow_decommit ? NULL : &arena->blocks_inuse[2*fields]); // just after dirty bitmap
// the bitmaps are already zero initialized due to os_alloc
// initialize committed bitmap?
if (arena->blocks_committed != NULL && is_committed) {
memset((void*)arena->blocks_committed, 0xFF, fields*sizeof(mi_bitmap_field_t)); // cast to void* to avoid atomic warning
}
// and claim leftover blocks if needed (so we never allocate there)
ptrdiff_t post = (fields * MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS) - bcount;
mi_assert_internal(post >= 0);
if (post > 0) {
// don't use leftover bits at the end
mi_bitmap_index_t postidx = mi_bitmap_index_create(fields - 1, MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS - post);
_mi_bitmap_claim(arena->blocks_inuse, fields, post, postidx, NULL);
}
mi_arena_add(arena);
return true;
}
// Reserve a range of regular OS memory
int mi_reserve_os_memory(size_t size, bool commit, bool allow_large) mi_attr_noexcept
{
size = _mi_align_up(size, MI_ARENA_BLOCK_SIZE); // at least one block
bool large = allow_large;
void* start = _mi_os_alloc_aligned(size, MI_SEGMENT_ALIGN, commit, &large, &_mi_stats_main);
if (start==NULL) return ENOMEM;
if (!mi_manage_os_memory(start, size, (large || commit), large, true, -1)) {
_mi_os_free_ex(start, size, commit, &_mi_stats_main);
_mi_verbose_message("failed to reserve %zu k memory\n", _mi_divide_up(size,1024));
return ENOMEM;
}
_mi_verbose_message("reserved %zu KiB memory%s\n", _mi_divide_up(size,1024), large ? " (in large os pages)" : "");
return 0;
}
static size_t mi_debug_show_bitmap(const char* prefix, mi_bitmap_field_t* fields, size_t field_count ) {
size_t inuse_count = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < field_count; i++) {
char buf[MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS + 1];
uintptr_t field = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&fields[i]);
for (size_t bit = 0; bit < MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS; bit++) {
bool inuse = ((((uintptr_t)1 << bit) & field) != 0);
if (inuse) inuse_count++;
buf[MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS - 1 - bit] = (inuse ? 'x' : '.');
}
buf[MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS] = 0;
_mi_verbose_message("%s%s\n", prefix, buf);
}
return inuse_count;
}
void mi_debug_show_arenas(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
size_t max_arenas = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&mi_arena_count);
for (size_t i = 0; i < max_arenas; i++) {
mi_arena_t* arena = mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(mi_arena_t, &mi_arenas[i]);
if (arena == NULL) break;
size_t inuse_count = 0;
_mi_verbose_message("arena %zu: %zu blocks with %zu fields\n", i, arena->block_count, arena->field_count);
inuse_count += mi_debug_show_bitmap(" ", arena->blocks_inuse, arena->field_count);
_mi_verbose_message(" blocks in use ('x'): %zu\n", inuse_count);
}
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Reserve a huge page arena.
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// reserve at a specific numa node
int mi_reserve_huge_os_pages_at(size_t pages, int numa_node, size_t timeout_msecs) mi_attr_noexcept {
if (pages==0) return 0;
if (numa_node < -1) numa_node = -1;
if (numa_node >= 0) numa_node = numa_node % _mi_os_numa_node_count();
size_t hsize = 0;
size_t pages_reserved = 0;
void* p = _mi_os_alloc_huge_os_pages(pages, numa_node, timeout_msecs, &pages_reserved, &hsize);
if (p==NULL || pages_reserved==0) {
_mi_warning_message("failed to reserve %zu GiB huge pages\n", pages);
return ENOMEM;
}
_mi_verbose_message("numa node %i: reserved %zu GiB huge pages (of the %zu GiB requested)\n", numa_node, pages_reserved, pages);
if (!mi_manage_os_memory(p, hsize, true, true, true, numa_node)) {
_mi_os_free_huge_pages(p, hsize, &_mi_stats_main);
return ENOMEM;
}
return 0;
}
// reserve huge pages evenly among the given number of numa nodes (or use the available ones as detected)
int mi_reserve_huge_os_pages_interleave(size_t pages, size_t numa_nodes, size_t timeout_msecs) mi_attr_noexcept {
if (pages == 0) return 0;
// pages per numa node
size_t numa_count = (numa_nodes > 0 ? numa_nodes : _mi_os_numa_node_count());
if (numa_count <= 0) numa_count = 1;
const size_t pages_per = pages / numa_count;
const size_t pages_mod = pages % numa_count;
const size_t timeout_per = (timeout_msecs==0 ? 0 : (timeout_msecs / numa_count) + 50);
// reserve evenly among numa nodes
for (size_t numa_node = 0; numa_node < numa_count && pages > 0; numa_node++) {
size_t node_pages = pages_per; // can be 0
if (numa_node < pages_mod) node_pages++;
int err = mi_reserve_huge_os_pages_at(node_pages, (int)numa_node, timeout_per);
if (err) return err;
if (pages < node_pages) {
pages = 0;
}
else {
pages -= node_pages;
}
}
return 0;
}
int mi_reserve_huge_os_pages(size_t pages, double max_secs, size_t* pages_reserved) mi_attr_noexcept {
MI_UNUSED(max_secs);
_mi_warning_message("mi_reserve_huge_os_pages is deprecated: use mi_reserve_huge_os_pages_interleave/at instead\n");
if (pages_reserved != NULL) *pages_reserved = 0;
int err = mi_reserve_huge_os_pages_interleave(pages, 0, (size_t)(max_secs * 1000.0));
if (err==0 && pages_reserved!=NULL) *pages_reserved = pages;
return err;
}

395
compat/mimalloc/bitmap.c Normal file
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/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2019-2021 Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Concurrent bitmap that can set/reset sequences of bits atomically,
represeted as an array of fields where each field is a machine word (`size_t`)
There are two api's; the standard one cannot have sequences that cross
between the bitmap fields (and a sequence must be <= MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS).
(this is used in region allocation)
The `_across` postfixed functions do allow sequences that can cross over
between the fields. (This is used in arena allocation)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
#include "mimalloc.h"
#include "mimalloc-internal.h"
#include "bitmap.h"
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Bitmap definition
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// The bit mask for a given number of blocks at a specified bit index.
static inline size_t mi_bitmap_mask_(size_t count, size_t bitidx) {
mi_assert_internal(count + bitidx <= MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS);
mi_assert_internal(count > 0);
if (count >= MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS) return MI_BITMAP_FIELD_FULL;
if (count == 0) return 0;
return ((((size_t)1 << count) - 1) << bitidx);
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Claim a bit sequence atomically
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// Try to atomically claim a sequence of `count` bits in a single
// field at `idx` in `bitmap`. Returns `true` on success.
inline bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_claim_field(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t idx, const size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx)
{
mi_assert_internal(bitmap_idx != NULL);
mi_assert_internal(count <= MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS);
mi_assert_internal(count > 0);
mi_bitmap_field_t* field = &bitmap[idx];
size_t map = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(field);
if (map==MI_BITMAP_FIELD_FULL) return false; // short cut
// search for 0-bit sequence of length count
const size_t mask = mi_bitmap_mask_(count, 0);
const size_t bitidx_max = MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS - count;
#ifdef MI_HAVE_FAST_BITSCAN
size_t bitidx = mi_ctz(~map); // quickly find the first zero bit if possible
#else
size_t bitidx = 0; // otherwise start at 0
#endif
size_t m = (mask << bitidx); // invariant: m == mask shifted by bitidx
// scan linearly for a free range of zero bits
while (bitidx <= bitidx_max) {
const size_t mapm = map & m;
if (mapm == 0) { // are the mask bits free at bitidx?
mi_assert_internal((m >> bitidx) == mask); // no overflow?
const size_t newmap = map | m;
mi_assert_internal((newmap^map) >> bitidx == mask);
if (!mi_atomic_cas_weak_acq_rel(field, &map, newmap)) { // TODO: use strong cas here?
// no success, another thread claimed concurrently.. keep going (with updated `map`)
continue;
}
else {
// success, we claimed the bits!
*bitmap_idx = mi_bitmap_index_create(idx, bitidx);
return true;
}
}
else {
// on to the next bit range
#ifdef MI_HAVE_FAST_BITSCAN
const size_t shift = (count == 1 ? 1 : mi_bsr(mapm) - bitidx + 1);
mi_assert_internal(shift > 0 && shift <= count);
#else
const size_t shift = 1;
#endif
bitidx += shift;
m <<= shift;
}
}
// no bits found
return false;
}
// Find `count` bits of 0 and set them to 1 atomically; returns `true` on success.
// Starts at idx, and wraps around to search in all `bitmap_fields` fields.
// `count` can be at most MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS and will never cross fields.
bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, const size_t bitmap_fields, const size_t start_field_idx, const size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx) {
size_t idx = start_field_idx;
for (size_t visited = 0; visited < bitmap_fields; visited++, idx++) {
if (idx >= bitmap_fields) idx = 0; // wrap
if (_mi_bitmap_try_find_claim_field(bitmap, idx, count, bitmap_idx)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/*
// Find `count` bits of 0 and set them to 1 atomically; returns `true` on success.
// For now, `count` can be at most MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS and will never span fields.
bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_claim(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, const size_t bitmap_fields, const size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx) {
return _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim(bitmap, bitmap_fields, 0, count, bitmap_idx);
}
*/
// Set `count` bits at `bitmap_idx` to 0 atomically
// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 1 previously.
bool _mi_bitmap_unclaim(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx) {
const size_t idx = mi_bitmap_index_field(bitmap_idx);
const size_t bitidx = mi_bitmap_index_bit_in_field(bitmap_idx);
const size_t mask = mi_bitmap_mask_(count, bitidx);
mi_assert_internal(bitmap_fields > idx); MI_UNUSED(bitmap_fields);
// mi_assert_internal((bitmap[idx] & mask) == mask);
size_t prev = mi_atomic_and_acq_rel(&bitmap[idx], ~mask);
return ((prev & mask) == mask);
}
// Set `count` bits at `bitmap_idx` to 1 atomically
// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 0 previously. `any_zero` is `true` if there was at least one zero bit.
bool _mi_bitmap_claim(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx, bool* any_zero) {
const size_t idx = mi_bitmap_index_field(bitmap_idx);
const size_t bitidx = mi_bitmap_index_bit_in_field(bitmap_idx);
const size_t mask = mi_bitmap_mask_(count, bitidx);
mi_assert_internal(bitmap_fields > idx); MI_UNUSED(bitmap_fields);
//mi_assert_internal(any_zero != NULL || (bitmap[idx] & mask) == 0);
size_t prev = mi_atomic_or_acq_rel(&bitmap[idx], mask);
if (any_zero != NULL) *any_zero = ((prev & mask) != mask);
return ((prev & mask) == 0);
}
// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 1. `any_ones` is `true` if there was at least one bit set to one.
static bool mi_bitmap_is_claimedx(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx, bool* any_ones) {
const size_t idx = mi_bitmap_index_field(bitmap_idx);
const size_t bitidx = mi_bitmap_index_bit_in_field(bitmap_idx);
const size_t mask = mi_bitmap_mask_(count, bitidx);
mi_assert_internal(bitmap_fields > idx); MI_UNUSED(bitmap_fields);
size_t field = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&bitmap[idx]);
if (any_ones != NULL) *any_ones = ((field & mask) != 0);
return ((field & mask) == mask);
}
bool _mi_bitmap_is_claimed(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx) {
return mi_bitmap_is_claimedx(bitmap, bitmap_fields, count, bitmap_idx, NULL);
}
bool _mi_bitmap_is_any_claimed(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx) {
bool any_ones;
mi_bitmap_is_claimedx(bitmap, bitmap_fields, count, bitmap_idx, &any_ones);
return any_ones;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// the `_across` functions work on bitmaps where sequences can cross over
// between the fields. This is used in arena allocation
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Try to atomically claim a sequence of `count` bits starting from the field
// at `idx` in `bitmap` and crossing into subsequent fields. Returns `true` on success.
static bool mi_bitmap_try_find_claim_field_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t idx, const size_t count, const size_t retries, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx)
{
mi_assert_internal(bitmap_idx != NULL);
// check initial trailing zeros
mi_bitmap_field_t* field = &bitmap[idx];
size_t map = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(field);
const size_t initial = mi_clz(map); // count of initial zeros starting at idx
mi_assert_internal(initial <= MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS);
if (initial == 0) return false;
if (initial >= count) return _mi_bitmap_try_find_claim_field(bitmap, idx, count, bitmap_idx); // no need to cross fields
if (_mi_divide_up(count - initial, MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS) >= (bitmap_fields - idx)) return false; // not enough entries
// scan ahead
size_t found = initial;
size_t mask = 0; // mask bits for the final field
while(found < count) {
field++;
map = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(field);
const size_t mask_bits = (found + MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS <= count ? MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS : (count - found));
mask = mi_bitmap_mask_(mask_bits, 0);
if ((map & mask) != 0) return false;
found += mask_bits;
}
mi_assert_internal(field < &bitmap[bitmap_fields]);
// found range of zeros up to the final field; mask contains mask in the final field
// now claim it atomically
mi_bitmap_field_t* const final_field = field;
const size_t final_mask = mask;
mi_bitmap_field_t* const initial_field = &bitmap[idx];
const size_t initial_mask = mi_bitmap_mask_(initial, MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS - initial);
// initial field
size_t newmap;
field = initial_field;
map = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(field);
do {
newmap = map | initial_mask;
if ((map & initial_mask) != 0) { goto rollback; };
} while (!mi_atomic_cas_strong_acq_rel(field, &map, newmap));
// intermediate fields
while (++field < final_field) {
newmap = MI_BITMAP_FIELD_FULL;
map = 0;
if (!mi_atomic_cas_strong_acq_rel(field, &map, newmap)) { goto rollback; }
}
// final field
mi_assert_internal(field == final_field);
map = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(field);
do {
newmap = map | final_mask;
if ((map & final_mask) != 0) { goto rollback; }
} while (!mi_atomic_cas_strong_acq_rel(field, &map, newmap));
// claimed!
*bitmap_idx = mi_bitmap_index_create(idx, MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS - initial);
return true;
rollback:
// roll back intermediate fields
while (--field > initial_field) {
newmap = 0;
map = MI_BITMAP_FIELD_FULL;
mi_assert_internal(mi_atomic_load_relaxed(field) == map);
mi_atomic_store_release(field, newmap);
}
if (field == initial_field) {
map = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(field);
do {
mi_assert_internal((map & initial_mask) == initial_mask);
newmap = map & ~initial_mask;
} while (!mi_atomic_cas_strong_acq_rel(field, &map, newmap));
}
// retry? (we make a recursive call instead of goto to be able to use const declarations)
if (retries < 4) {
return mi_bitmap_try_find_claim_field_across(bitmap, bitmap_fields, idx, count, retries+1, bitmap_idx);
}
else {
return false;
}
}
// Find `count` bits of zeros and set them to 1 atomically; returns `true` on success.
// Starts at idx, and wraps around to search in all `bitmap_fields` fields.
bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, const size_t bitmap_fields, const size_t start_field_idx, const size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx) {
mi_assert_internal(count > 0);
if (count==1) return _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim(bitmap, bitmap_fields, start_field_idx, count, bitmap_idx);
size_t idx = start_field_idx;
for (size_t visited = 0; visited < bitmap_fields; visited++, idx++) {
if (idx >= bitmap_fields) idx = 0; // wrap
// try to claim inside the field
if (count <= MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS) {
if (_mi_bitmap_try_find_claim_field(bitmap, idx, count, bitmap_idx)) {
return true;
}
}
// try to claim across fields
if (mi_bitmap_try_find_claim_field_across(bitmap, bitmap_fields, idx, count, 0, bitmap_idx)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
// Helper for masks across fields; returns the mid count, post_mask may be 0
static size_t mi_bitmap_mask_across(mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, size_t* pre_mask, size_t* mid_mask, size_t* post_mask) {
MI_UNUSED_RELEASE(bitmap_fields);
const size_t bitidx = mi_bitmap_index_bit_in_field(bitmap_idx);
if (mi_likely(bitidx + count <= MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS)) {
*pre_mask = mi_bitmap_mask_(count, bitidx);
*mid_mask = 0;
*post_mask = 0;
mi_assert_internal(mi_bitmap_index_field(bitmap_idx) < bitmap_fields);
return 0;
}
else {
const size_t pre_bits = MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS - bitidx;
mi_assert_internal(pre_bits < count);
*pre_mask = mi_bitmap_mask_(pre_bits, bitidx);
count -= pre_bits;
const size_t mid_count = (count / MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS);
*mid_mask = MI_BITMAP_FIELD_FULL;
count %= MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS;
*post_mask = (count==0 ? 0 : mi_bitmap_mask_(count, 0));
mi_assert_internal(mi_bitmap_index_field(bitmap_idx) + mid_count + (count==0 ? 0 : 1) < bitmap_fields);
return mid_count;
}
}
// Set `count` bits at `bitmap_idx` to 0 atomically
// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 1 previously.
bool _mi_bitmap_unclaim_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx) {
size_t idx = mi_bitmap_index_field(bitmap_idx);
size_t pre_mask;
size_t mid_mask;
size_t post_mask;
size_t mid_count = mi_bitmap_mask_across(bitmap_idx, bitmap_fields, count, &pre_mask, &mid_mask, &post_mask);
bool all_one = true;
mi_bitmap_field_t* field = &bitmap[idx];
size_t prev = mi_atomic_and_acq_rel(field++, ~pre_mask);
if ((prev & pre_mask) != pre_mask) all_one = false;
while(mid_count-- > 0) {
prev = mi_atomic_and_acq_rel(field++, ~mid_mask);
if ((prev & mid_mask) != mid_mask) all_one = false;
}
if (post_mask!=0) {
prev = mi_atomic_and_acq_rel(field, ~post_mask);
if ((prev & post_mask) != post_mask) all_one = false;
}
return all_one;
}
// Set `count` bits at `bitmap_idx` to 1 atomically
// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 0 previously. `any_zero` is `true` if there was at least one zero bit.
bool _mi_bitmap_claim_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx, bool* pany_zero) {
size_t idx = mi_bitmap_index_field(bitmap_idx);
size_t pre_mask;
size_t mid_mask;
size_t post_mask;
size_t mid_count = mi_bitmap_mask_across(bitmap_idx, bitmap_fields, count, &pre_mask, &mid_mask, &post_mask);
bool all_zero = true;
bool any_zero = false;
_Atomic(size_t)*field = &bitmap[idx];
size_t prev = mi_atomic_or_acq_rel(field++, pre_mask);
if ((prev & pre_mask) != 0) all_zero = false;
if ((prev & pre_mask) != pre_mask) any_zero = true;
while (mid_count-- > 0) {
prev = mi_atomic_or_acq_rel(field++, mid_mask);
if ((prev & mid_mask) != 0) all_zero = false;
if ((prev & mid_mask) != mid_mask) any_zero = true;
}
if (post_mask!=0) {
prev = mi_atomic_or_acq_rel(field, post_mask);
if ((prev & post_mask) != 0) all_zero = false;
if ((prev & post_mask) != post_mask) any_zero = true;
}
if (pany_zero != NULL) *pany_zero = any_zero;
return all_zero;
}
// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 1.
// `any_ones` is `true` if there was at least one bit set to one.
static bool mi_bitmap_is_claimedx_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx, bool* pany_ones) {
size_t idx = mi_bitmap_index_field(bitmap_idx);
size_t pre_mask;
size_t mid_mask;
size_t post_mask;
size_t mid_count = mi_bitmap_mask_across(bitmap_idx, bitmap_fields, count, &pre_mask, &mid_mask, &post_mask);
bool all_ones = true;
bool any_ones = false;
mi_bitmap_field_t* field = &bitmap[idx];
size_t prev = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(field++);
if ((prev & pre_mask) != pre_mask) all_ones = false;
if ((prev & pre_mask) != 0) any_ones = true;
while (mid_count-- > 0) {
prev = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(field++);
if ((prev & mid_mask) != mid_mask) all_ones = false;
if ((prev & mid_mask) != 0) any_ones = true;
}
if (post_mask!=0) {
prev = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(field);
if ((prev & post_mask) != post_mask) all_ones = false;
if ((prev & post_mask) != 0) any_ones = true;
}
if (pany_ones != NULL) *pany_ones = any_ones;
return all_ones;
}
bool _mi_bitmap_is_claimed_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx) {
return mi_bitmap_is_claimedx_across(bitmap, bitmap_fields, count, bitmap_idx, NULL);
}
bool _mi_bitmap_is_any_claimed_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx) {
bool any_ones;
mi_bitmap_is_claimedx_across(bitmap, bitmap_fields, count, bitmap_idx, &any_ones);
return any_ones;
}

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compat/mimalloc/bitmap.h Normal file
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/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2019-2020 Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Concurrent bitmap that can set/reset sequences of bits atomically,
represeted as an array of fields where each field is a machine word (`size_t`)
There are two api's; the standard one cannot have sequences that cross
between the bitmap fields (and a sequence must be <= MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS).
(this is used in region allocation)
The `_across` postfixed functions do allow sequences that can cross over
between the fields. (This is used in arena allocation)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
#pragma once
#ifndef MI_BITMAP_H
#define MI_BITMAP_H
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Bitmap definition
----------------------------------------------------------- */
#define MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS (8*MI_SIZE_SIZE)
#define MI_BITMAP_FIELD_FULL (~((size_t)0)) // all bits set
// An atomic bitmap of `size_t` fields
typedef _Atomic(size_t) mi_bitmap_field_t;
typedef mi_bitmap_field_t* mi_bitmap_t;
// A bitmap index is the index of the bit in a bitmap.
typedef size_t mi_bitmap_index_t;
// Create a bit index.
static inline mi_bitmap_index_t mi_bitmap_index_create(size_t idx, size_t bitidx) {
mi_assert_internal(bitidx < MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS);
return (idx*MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS) + bitidx;
}
// Create a bit index.
static inline mi_bitmap_index_t mi_bitmap_index_create_from_bit(size_t full_bitidx) {
return mi_bitmap_index_create(full_bitidx / MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS, full_bitidx % MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS);
}
// Get the field index from a bit index.
static inline size_t mi_bitmap_index_field(mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx) {
return (bitmap_idx / MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS);
}
// Get the bit index in a bitmap field
static inline size_t mi_bitmap_index_bit_in_field(mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx) {
return (bitmap_idx % MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS);
}
// Get the full bit index
static inline size_t mi_bitmap_index_bit(mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx) {
return bitmap_idx;
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Claim a bit sequence atomically
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// Try to atomically claim a sequence of `count` bits in a single
// field at `idx` in `bitmap`. Returns `true` on success.
bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_claim_field(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t idx, const size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx);
// Starts at idx, and wraps around to search in all `bitmap_fields` fields.
// For now, `count` can be at most MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS and will never cross fields.
bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, const size_t bitmap_fields, const size_t start_field_idx, const size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx);
// Set `count` bits at `bitmap_idx` to 0 atomically
// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 1 previously.
bool _mi_bitmap_unclaim(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx);
// Set `count` bits at `bitmap_idx` to 1 atomically
// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 0 previously. `any_zero` is `true` if there was at least one zero bit.
bool _mi_bitmap_claim(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx, bool* any_zero);
bool _mi_bitmap_is_claimed(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx);
bool _mi_bitmap_is_any_claimed(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx);
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// the `_across` functions work on bitmaps where sequences can cross over
// between the fields. This is used in arena allocation
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find `count` bits of zeros and set them to 1 atomically; returns `true` on success.
// Starts at idx, and wraps around to search in all `bitmap_fields` fields.
bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, const size_t bitmap_fields, const size_t start_field_idx, const size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx);
// Set `count` bits at `bitmap_idx` to 0 atomically
// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 1 previously.
bool _mi_bitmap_unclaim_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx);
// Set `count` bits at `bitmap_idx` to 1 atomically
// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 0 previously. `any_zero` is `true` if there was at least one zero bit.
bool _mi_bitmap_claim_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx, bool* pany_zero);
bool _mi_bitmap_is_claimed_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx);
bool _mi_bitmap_is_any_claimed_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx);
#endif

580
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/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2018-2021, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "mimalloc.h"
#include "mimalloc-internal.h"
#include "mimalloc-atomic.h"
#include <string.h> // memset, memcpy
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1920)
#pragma warning(disable:4204) // non-constant aggregate initializer
#endif
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Helpers
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// return `true` if ok, `false` to break
typedef bool (heap_page_visitor_fun)(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* pq, mi_page_t* page, void* arg1, void* arg2);
// Visit all pages in a heap; returns `false` if break was called.
static bool mi_heap_visit_pages(mi_heap_t* heap, heap_page_visitor_fun* fn, void* arg1, void* arg2)
{
if (heap==NULL || heap->page_count==0) return 0;
// visit all pages
#if MI_DEBUG>1
size_t total = heap->page_count;
#endif
size_t count = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i <= MI_BIN_FULL; i++) {
mi_page_queue_t* pq = &heap->pages[i];
mi_page_t* page = pq->first;
while(page != NULL) {
mi_page_t* next = page->next; // save next in case the page gets removed from the queue
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_heap(page) == heap);
count++;
if (!fn(heap, pq, page, arg1, arg2)) return false;
page = next; // and continue
}
}
mi_assert_internal(count == total);
return true;
}
#if MI_DEBUG>=2
static bool mi_heap_page_is_valid(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* pq, mi_page_t* page, void* arg1, void* arg2) {
MI_UNUSED(arg1);
MI_UNUSED(arg2);
MI_UNUSED(pq);
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_heap(page) == heap);
mi_segment_t* segment = _mi_page_segment(page);
mi_assert_internal(segment->thread_id == heap->thread_id);
mi_assert_expensive(_mi_page_is_valid(page));
return true;
}
#endif
#if MI_DEBUG>=3
static bool mi_heap_is_valid(mi_heap_t* heap) {
mi_assert_internal(heap!=NULL);
mi_heap_visit_pages(heap, &mi_heap_page_is_valid, NULL, NULL);
return true;
}
#endif
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
"Collect" pages by migrating `local_free` and `thread_free`
lists and freeing empty pages. This is done when a thread
stops (and in that case abandons pages if there are still
blocks alive)
----------------------------------------------------------- */
typedef enum mi_collect_e {
MI_NORMAL,
MI_FORCE,
MI_ABANDON
} mi_collect_t;
static bool mi_heap_page_collect(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* pq, mi_page_t* page, void* arg_collect, void* arg2 ) {
MI_UNUSED(arg2);
MI_UNUSED(heap);
mi_assert_internal(mi_heap_page_is_valid(heap, pq, page, NULL, NULL));
mi_collect_t collect = *((mi_collect_t*)arg_collect);
_mi_page_free_collect(page, collect >= MI_FORCE);
if (mi_page_all_free(page)) {
// no more used blocks, free the page.
// note: this will free retired pages as well.
_mi_page_free(page, pq, collect >= MI_FORCE);
}
else if (collect == MI_ABANDON) {
// still used blocks but the thread is done; abandon the page
_mi_page_abandon(page, pq);
}
return true; // don't break
}
static bool mi_heap_page_never_delayed_free(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* pq, mi_page_t* page, void* arg1, void* arg2) {
MI_UNUSED(arg1);
MI_UNUSED(arg2);
MI_UNUSED(heap);
MI_UNUSED(pq);
_mi_page_use_delayed_free(page, MI_NEVER_DELAYED_FREE, false);
return true; // don't break
}
static void mi_heap_collect_ex(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_collect_t collect)
{
if (heap==NULL || !mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) return;
const bool force = collect >= MI_FORCE;
_mi_deferred_free(heap, force);
// note: never reclaim on collect but leave it to threads that need storage to reclaim
const bool force_main =
#ifdef NDEBUG
collect == MI_FORCE
#else
collect >= MI_FORCE
#endif
&& _mi_is_main_thread() && mi_heap_is_backing(heap) && !heap->no_reclaim;
if (force_main) {
// the main thread is abandoned (end-of-program), try to reclaim all abandoned segments.
// if all memory is freed by now, all segments should be freed.
_mi_abandoned_reclaim_all(heap, &heap->tld->segments);
}
// if abandoning, mark all pages to no longer add to delayed_free
if (collect == MI_ABANDON) {
mi_heap_visit_pages(heap, &mi_heap_page_never_delayed_free, NULL, NULL);
}
// free thread delayed blocks.
// (if abandoning, after this there are no more thread-delayed references into the pages.)
_mi_heap_delayed_free(heap);
// collect retired pages
_mi_heap_collect_retired(heap, force);
// collect all pages owned by this thread
mi_heap_visit_pages(heap, &mi_heap_page_collect, &collect, NULL);
mi_assert_internal( collect != MI_ABANDON || mi_atomic_load_ptr_acquire(mi_block_t,&heap->thread_delayed_free) == NULL );
// collect abandoned segments (in particular, decommit expired parts of segments in the abandoned segment list)
// note: forced decommit can be quite expensive if many threads are created/destroyed so we do not force on abandonment
_mi_abandoned_collect(heap, collect == MI_FORCE /* force? */, &heap->tld->segments);
// collect segment local caches
if (force) {
_mi_segment_thread_collect(&heap->tld->segments);
}
// decommit in global segment caches
// note: forced decommit can be quite expensive if many threads are created/destroyed so we do not force on abandonment
_mi_segment_cache_collect( collect == MI_FORCE, &heap->tld->os);
// collect regions on program-exit (or shared library unload)
if (force && _mi_is_main_thread() && mi_heap_is_backing(heap)) {
//_mi_mem_collect(&heap->tld->os);
}
}
void _mi_heap_collect_abandon(mi_heap_t* heap) {
mi_heap_collect_ex(heap, MI_ABANDON);
}
void mi_heap_collect(mi_heap_t* heap, bool force) mi_attr_noexcept {
mi_heap_collect_ex(heap, (force ? MI_FORCE : MI_NORMAL));
}
void mi_collect(bool force) mi_attr_noexcept {
mi_heap_collect(mi_get_default_heap(), force);
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Heap new
----------------------------------------------------------- */
mi_heap_t* mi_heap_get_default(void) {
mi_thread_init();
return mi_get_default_heap();
}
mi_heap_t* mi_heap_get_backing(void) {
mi_heap_t* heap = mi_heap_get_default();
mi_assert_internal(heap!=NULL);
mi_heap_t* bheap = heap->tld->heap_backing;
mi_assert_internal(bheap!=NULL);
mi_assert_internal(bheap->thread_id == _mi_thread_id());
return bheap;
}
mi_heap_t* mi_heap_new(void) {
mi_heap_t* bheap = mi_heap_get_backing();
mi_heap_t* heap = mi_heap_malloc_tp(bheap, mi_heap_t); // todo: OS allocate in secure mode?
if (heap==NULL) return NULL;
_mi_memcpy_aligned(heap, &_mi_heap_empty, sizeof(mi_heap_t));
heap->tld = bheap->tld;
heap->thread_id = _mi_thread_id();
_mi_random_split(&bheap->random, &heap->random);
heap->cookie = _mi_heap_random_next(heap) | 1;
heap->keys[0] = _mi_heap_random_next(heap);
heap->keys[1] = _mi_heap_random_next(heap);
heap->no_reclaim = true; // don't reclaim abandoned pages or otherwise destroy is unsafe
// push on the thread local heaps list
heap->next = heap->tld->heaps;
heap->tld->heaps = heap;
return heap;
}
uintptr_t _mi_heap_random_next(mi_heap_t* heap) {
return _mi_random_next(&heap->random);
}
// zero out the page queues
static void mi_heap_reset_pages(mi_heap_t* heap) {
mi_assert_internal(heap != NULL);
mi_assert_internal(mi_heap_is_initialized(heap));
// TODO: copy full empty heap instead?
memset(&heap->pages_free_direct, 0, sizeof(heap->pages_free_direct));
#ifdef MI_MEDIUM_DIRECT
memset(&heap->pages_free_medium, 0, sizeof(heap->pages_free_medium));
#endif
_mi_memcpy_aligned(&heap->pages, &_mi_heap_empty.pages, sizeof(heap->pages));
heap->thread_delayed_free = NULL;
heap->page_count = 0;
}
// called from `mi_heap_destroy` and `mi_heap_delete` to free the internal heap resources.
static void mi_heap_free(mi_heap_t* heap) {
mi_assert(heap != NULL);
mi_assert_internal(mi_heap_is_initialized(heap));
if (heap==NULL || !mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) return;
if (mi_heap_is_backing(heap)) return; // dont free the backing heap
// reset default
if (mi_heap_is_default(heap)) {
_mi_heap_set_default_direct(heap->tld->heap_backing);
}
// remove ourselves from the thread local heaps list
// linear search but we expect the number of heaps to be relatively small
mi_heap_t* prev = NULL;
mi_heap_t* curr = heap->tld->heaps;
while (curr != heap && curr != NULL) {
prev = curr;
curr = curr->next;
}
mi_assert_internal(curr == heap);
if (curr == heap) {
if (prev != NULL) { prev->next = heap->next; }
else { heap->tld->heaps = heap->next; }
}
mi_assert_internal(heap->tld->heaps != NULL);
// and free the used memory
mi_free(heap);
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Heap destroy
----------------------------------------------------------- */
static bool _mi_heap_page_destroy(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* pq, mi_page_t* page, void* arg1, void* arg2) {
MI_UNUSED(arg1);
MI_UNUSED(arg2);
MI_UNUSED(heap);
MI_UNUSED(pq);
// ensure no more thread_delayed_free will be added
_mi_page_use_delayed_free(page, MI_NEVER_DELAYED_FREE, false);
// stats
const size_t bsize = mi_page_block_size(page);
if (bsize > MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX) {
if (bsize <= MI_LARGE_OBJ_SIZE_MAX) {
mi_heap_stat_decrease(heap, large, bsize);
}
else {
mi_heap_stat_decrease(heap, huge, bsize);
}
}
#if (MI_STAT)
_mi_page_free_collect(page, false); // update used count
const size_t inuse = page->used;
if (bsize <= MI_LARGE_OBJ_SIZE_MAX) {
mi_heap_stat_decrease(heap, normal, bsize * inuse);
#if (MI_STAT>1)
mi_heap_stat_decrease(heap, normal_bins[_mi_bin(bsize)], inuse);
#endif
}
mi_heap_stat_decrease(heap, malloc, bsize * inuse); // todo: off for aligned blocks...
#endif
/// pretend it is all free now
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_thread_free(page) == NULL);
page->used = 0;
// and free the page
// mi_page_free(page,false);
page->next = NULL;
page->prev = NULL;
_mi_segment_page_free(page,false /* no force? */, &heap->tld->segments);
return true; // keep going
}
void _mi_heap_destroy_pages(mi_heap_t* heap) {
mi_heap_visit_pages(heap, &_mi_heap_page_destroy, NULL, NULL);
mi_heap_reset_pages(heap);
}
void mi_heap_destroy(mi_heap_t* heap) {
mi_assert(heap != NULL);
mi_assert(mi_heap_is_initialized(heap));
mi_assert(heap->no_reclaim);
mi_assert_expensive(mi_heap_is_valid(heap));
if (heap==NULL || !mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) return;
if (!heap->no_reclaim) {
// don't free in case it may contain reclaimed pages
mi_heap_delete(heap);
}
else {
// free all pages
_mi_heap_destroy_pages(heap);
mi_heap_free(heap);
}
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Safe Heap delete
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// Transfer the pages from one heap to the other
static void mi_heap_absorb(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_heap_t* from) {
mi_assert_internal(heap!=NULL);
if (from==NULL || from->page_count == 0) return;
// reduce the size of the delayed frees
_mi_heap_delayed_free(from);
// transfer all pages by appending the queues; this will set a new heap field
// so threads may do delayed frees in either heap for a while.
// note: appending waits for each page to not be in the `MI_DELAYED_FREEING` state
// so after this only the new heap will get delayed frees
for (size_t i = 0; i <= MI_BIN_FULL; i++) {
mi_page_queue_t* pq = &heap->pages[i];
mi_page_queue_t* append = &from->pages[i];
size_t pcount = _mi_page_queue_append(heap, pq, append);
heap->page_count += pcount;
from->page_count -= pcount;
}
mi_assert_internal(from->page_count == 0);
// and do outstanding delayed frees in the `from` heap
// note: be careful here as the `heap` field in all those pages no longer point to `from`,
// turns out to be ok as `_mi_heap_delayed_free` only visits the list and calls a
// the regular `_mi_free_delayed_block` which is safe.
_mi_heap_delayed_free(from);
#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || (_MSC_VER > 1900) // somehow the following line gives an error in VS2015, issue #353
mi_assert_internal(mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(mi_block_t,&from->thread_delayed_free) == NULL);
#endif
// and reset the `from` heap
mi_heap_reset_pages(from);
}
// Safe delete a heap without freeing any still allocated blocks in that heap.
void mi_heap_delete(mi_heap_t* heap)
{
mi_assert(heap != NULL);
mi_assert(mi_heap_is_initialized(heap));
mi_assert_expensive(mi_heap_is_valid(heap));
if (heap==NULL || !mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) return;
if (!mi_heap_is_backing(heap)) {
// tranfer still used pages to the backing heap
mi_heap_absorb(heap->tld->heap_backing, heap);
}
else {
// the backing heap abandons its pages
_mi_heap_collect_abandon(heap);
}
mi_assert_internal(heap->page_count==0);
mi_heap_free(heap);
}
mi_heap_t* mi_heap_set_default(mi_heap_t* heap) {
mi_assert(heap != NULL);
mi_assert(mi_heap_is_initialized(heap));
if (heap==NULL || !mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) return NULL;
mi_assert_expensive(mi_heap_is_valid(heap));
mi_heap_t* old = mi_get_default_heap();
_mi_heap_set_default_direct(heap);
return old;
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Analysis
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// static since it is not thread safe to access heaps from other threads.
static mi_heap_t* mi_heap_of_block(const void* p) {
if (p == NULL) return NULL;
mi_segment_t* segment = _mi_ptr_segment(p);
bool valid = (_mi_ptr_cookie(segment) == segment->cookie);
mi_assert_internal(valid);
if (mi_unlikely(!valid)) return NULL;
return mi_page_heap(_mi_segment_page_of(segment,p));
}
bool mi_heap_contains_block(mi_heap_t* heap, const void* p) {
mi_assert(heap != NULL);
if (heap==NULL || !mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) return false;
return (heap == mi_heap_of_block(p));
}
static bool mi_heap_page_check_owned(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* pq, mi_page_t* page, void* p, void* vfound) {
MI_UNUSED(heap);
MI_UNUSED(pq);
bool* found = (bool*)vfound;
mi_segment_t* segment = _mi_page_segment(page);
void* start = _mi_page_start(segment, page, NULL);
void* end = (uint8_t*)start + (page->capacity * mi_page_block_size(page));
*found = (p >= start && p < end);
return (!*found); // continue if not found
}
bool mi_heap_check_owned(mi_heap_t* heap, const void* p) {
mi_assert(heap != NULL);
if (heap==NULL || !mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) return false;
if (((uintptr_t)p & (MI_INTPTR_SIZE - 1)) != 0) return false; // only aligned pointers
bool found = false;
mi_heap_visit_pages(heap, &mi_heap_page_check_owned, (void*)p, &found);
return found;
}
bool mi_check_owned(const void* p) {
return mi_heap_check_owned(mi_get_default_heap(), p);
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Visit all heap blocks and areas
Todo: enable visiting abandoned pages, and
enable visiting all blocks of all heaps across threads
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// Separate struct to keep `mi_page_t` out of the public interface
typedef struct mi_heap_area_ex_s {
mi_heap_area_t area;
mi_page_t* page;
} mi_heap_area_ex_t;
static bool mi_heap_area_visit_blocks(const mi_heap_area_ex_t* xarea, mi_block_visit_fun* visitor, void* arg) {
mi_assert(xarea != NULL);
if (xarea==NULL) return true;
const mi_heap_area_t* area = &xarea->area;
mi_page_t* page = xarea->page;
mi_assert(page != NULL);
if (page == NULL) return true;
_mi_page_free_collect(page,true);
mi_assert_internal(page->local_free == NULL);
if (page->used == 0) return true;
const size_t bsize = mi_page_block_size(page);
const size_t ubsize = mi_page_usable_block_size(page); // without padding
size_t psize;
uint8_t* pstart = _mi_page_start(_mi_page_segment(page), page, &psize);
if (page->capacity == 1) {
// optimize page with one block
mi_assert_internal(page->used == 1 && page->free == NULL);
return visitor(mi_page_heap(page), area, pstart, ubsize, arg);
}
// create a bitmap of free blocks.
#define MI_MAX_BLOCKS (MI_SMALL_PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(void*))
uintptr_t free_map[MI_MAX_BLOCKS / sizeof(uintptr_t)];
memset(free_map, 0, sizeof(free_map));
size_t free_count = 0;
for (mi_block_t* block = page->free; block != NULL; block = mi_block_next(page,block)) {
free_count++;
mi_assert_internal((uint8_t*)block >= pstart && (uint8_t*)block < (pstart + psize));
size_t offset = (uint8_t*)block - pstart;
mi_assert_internal(offset % bsize == 0);
size_t blockidx = offset / bsize; // Todo: avoid division?
mi_assert_internal( blockidx < MI_MAX_BLOCKS);
size_t bitidx = (blockidx / sizeof(uintptr_t));
size_t bit = blockidx - (bitidx * sizeof(uintptr_t));
free_map[bitidx] |= ((uintptr_t)1 << bit);
}
mi_assert_internal(page->capacity == (free_count + page->used));
// walk through all blocks skipping the free ones
size_t used_count = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < page->capacity; i++) {
size_t bitidx = (i / sizeof(uintptr_t));
size_t bit = i - (bitidx * sizeof(uintptr_t));
uintptr_t m = free_map[bitidx];
if (bit == 0 && m == UINTPTR_MAX) {
i += (sizeof(uintptr_t) - 1); // skip a run of free blocks
}
else if ((m & ((uintptr_t)1 << bit)) == 0) {
used_count++;
uint8_t* block = pstart + (i * bsize);
if (!visitor(mi_page_heap(page), area, block, ubsize, arg)) return false;
}
}
mi_assert_internal(page->used == used_count);
return true;
}
typedef bool (mi_heap_area_visit_fun)(const mi_heap_t* heap, const mi_heap_area_ex_t* area, void* arg);
static bool mi_heap_visit_areas_page(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* pq, mi_page_t* page, void* vfun, void* arg) {
MI_UNUSED(heap);
MI_UNUSED(pq);
mi_heap_area_visit_fun* fun = (mi_heap_area_visit_fun*)vfun;
mi_heap_area_ex_t xarea;
const size_t bsize = mi_page_block_size(page);
const size_t ubsize = mi_page_usable_block_size(page);
xarea.page = page;
xarea.area.reserved = page->reserved * bsize;
xarea.area.committed = page->capacity * bsize;
xarea.area.blocks = _mi_page_start(_mi_page_segment(page), page, NULL);
xarea.area.used = page->used * bsize;
xarea.area.block_size = ubsize;
xarea.area.full_block_size = bsize;
return fun(heap, &xarea, arg);
}
// Visit all heap pages as areas
static bool mi_heap_visit_areas(const mi_heap_t* heap, mi_heap_area_visit_fun* visitor, void* arg) {
if (visitor == NULL) return false;
return mi_heap_visit_pages((mi_heap_t*)heap, &mi_heap_visit_areas_page, (void*)(visitor), arg); // note: function pointer to void* :-{
}
// Just to pass arguments
typedef struct mi_visit_blocks_args_s {
bool visit_blocks;
mi_block_visit_fun* visitor;
void* arg;
} mi_visit_blocks_args_t;
static bool mi_heap_area_visitor(const mi_heap_t* heap, const mi_heap_area_ex_t* xarea, void* arg) {
mi_visit_blocks_args_t* args = (mi_visit_blocks_args_t*)arg;
if (!args->visitor(heap, &xarea->area, NULL, xarea->area.block_size, args->arg)) return false;
if (args->visit_blocks) {
return mi_heap_area_visit_blocks(xarea, args->visitor, args->arg);
}
else {
return true;
}
}
// Visit all blocks in a heap
bool mi_heap_visit_blocks(const mi_heap_t* heap, bool visit_blocks, mi_block_visit_fun* visitor, void* arg) {
mi_visit_blocks_args_t args = { visit_blocks, visitor, arg };
return mi_heap_visit_areas(heap, &mi_heap_area_visitor, &args);
}

693
compat/mimalloc/init.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,693 @@
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2018-2022, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "mimalloc.h"
#include "mimalloc-internal.h"
#include <string.h> // memcpy, memset
#include <stdlib.h> // atexit
// Empty page used to initialize the small free pages array
const mi_page_t _mi_page_empty = {
0, false, false, false, false,
0, // capacity
0, // reserved capacity
{ 0 }, // flags
false, // is_zero
0, // retire_expire
NULL, // free
#if MI_ENCODE_FREELIST
{ 0, 0 },
#endif
0, // used
0, // xblock_size
NULL, // local_free
MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(0), // xthread_free
MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(0), // xheap
NULL, NULL
#if MI_INTPTR_SIZE==8
, { 0 } // padding
#endif
};
#define MI_PAGE_EMPTY() ((mi_page_t*)&_mi_page_empty)
#if (MI_PADDING>0) && (MI_INTPTR_SIZE >= 8)
#define MI_SMALL_PAGES_EMPTY { MI_INIT128(MI_PAGE_EMPTY), MI_PAGE_EMPTY(), MI_PAGE_EMPTY() }
#elif (MI_PADDING>0)
#define MI_SMALL_PAGES_EMPTY { MI_INIT128(MI_PAGE_EMPTY), MI_PAGE_EMPTY(), MI_PAGE_EMPTY(), MI_PAGE_EMPTY() }
#else
#define MI_SMALL_PAGES_EMPTY { MI_INIT128(MI_PAGE_EMPTY), MI_PAGE_EMPTY() }
#endif
// Empty page queues for every bin
#define QNULL(sz) { NULL, NULL, (sz)*sizeof(uintptr_t) }
#define MI_PAGE_QUEUES_EMPTY \
{ QNULL(1), \
QNULL( 1), QNULL( 2), QNULL( 3), QNULL( 4), QNULL( 5), QNULL( 6), QNULL( 7), QNULL( 8), /* 8 */ \
QNULL( 10), QNULL( 12), QNULL( 14), QNULL( 16), QNULL( 20), QNULL( 24), QNULL( 28), QNULL( 32), /* 16 */ \
QNULL( 40), QNULL( 48), QNULL( 56), QNULL( 64), QNULL( 80), QNULL( 96), QNULL( 112), QNULL( 128), /* 24 */ \
QNULL( 160), QNULL( 192), QNULL( 224), QNULL( 256), QNULL( 320), QNULL( 384), QNULL( 448), QNULL( 512), /* 32 */ \
QNULL( 640), QNULL( 768), QNULL( 896), QNULL( 1024), QNULL( 1280), QNULL( 1536), QNULL( 1792), QNULL( 2048), /* 40 */ \
QNULL( 2560), QNULL( 3072), QNULL( 3584), QNULL( 4096), QNULL( 5120), QNULL( 6144), QNULL( 7168), QNULL( 8192), /* 48 */ \
QNULL( 10240), QNULL( 12288), QNULL( 14336), QNULL( 16384), QNULL( 20480), QNULL( 24576), QNULL( 28672), QNULL( 32768), /* 56 */ \
QNULL( 40960), QNULL( 49152), QNULL( 57344), QNULL( 65536), QNULL( 81920), QNULL( 98304), QNULL(114688), QNULL(131072), /* 64 */ \
QNULL(163840), QNULL(196608), QNULL(229376), QNULL(262144), QNULL(327680), QNULL(393216), QNULL(458752), QNULL(524288), /* 72 */ \
QNULL(MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_WSIZE_MAX + 1 /* 655360, Huge queue */), \
QNULL(MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_WSIZE_MAX + 2) /* Full queue */ }
#define MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL() {0,0,0,0}
// Empty statistics
#if MI_STAT>1
#define MI_STAT_COUNT_END_NULL() , { MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), MI_INIT32(MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL) }
#else
#define MI_STAT_COUNT_END_NULL()
#endif
#define MI_STATS_NULL \
MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), \
MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), \
MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), \
MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), \
MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), \
MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), \
MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), MI_STAT_COUNT_NULL(), \
{ 0, 0 }, { 0, 0 }, { 0, 0 }, { 0, 0 }, \
{ 0, 0 }, { 0, 0 }, { 0, 0 }, { 0, 0 } \
MI_STAT_COUNT_END_NULL()
// Empty slice span queues for every bin
#define SQNULL(sz) { NULL, NULL, sz }
#define MI_SEGMENT_SPAN_QUEUES_EMPTY \
{ SQNULL(1), \
SQNULL( 1), SQNULL( 2), SQNULL( 3), SQNULL( 4), SQNULL( 5), SQNULL( 6), SQNULL( 7), SQNULL( 10), /* 8 */ \
SQNULL( 12), SQNULL( 14), SQNULL( 16), SQNULL( 20), SQNULL( 24), SQNULL( 28), SQNULL( 32), SQNULL( 40), /* 16 */ \
SQNULL( 48), SQNULL( 56), SQNULL( 64), SQNULL( 80), SQNULL( 96), SQNULL( 112), SQNULL( 128), SQNULL( 160), /* 24 */ \
SQNULL( 192), SQNULL( 224), SQNULL( 256), SQNULL( 320), SQNULL( 384), SQNULL( 448), SQNULL( 512), SQNULL( 640), /* 32 */ \
SQNULL( 768), SQNULL( 896), SQNULL( 1024) /* 35 */ }
// --------------------------------------------------------
// Statically allocate an empty heap as the initial
// thread local value for the default heap,
// and statically allocate the backing heap for the main
// thread so it can function without doing any allocation
// itself (as accessing a thread local for the first time
// may lead to allocation itself on some platforms)
// --------------------------------------------------------
mi_decl_cache_align const mi_heap_t _mi_heap_empty = {
NULL,
MI_SMALL_PAGES_EMPTY,
MI_PAGE_QUEUES_EMPTY,
MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(NULL),
0, // tid
0, // cookie
{ 0, 0 }, // keys
{ {0}, {0}, 0 },
0, // page count
MI_BIN_FULL, 0, // page retired min/max
NULL, // next
false
};
#define tld_empty_stats ((mi_stats_t*)((uint8_t*)&tld_empty + offsetof(mi_tld_t,stats)))
#define tld_empty_os ((mi_os_tld_t*)((uint8_t*)&tld_empty + offsetof(mi_tld_t,os)))
mi_decl_cache_align static const mi_tld_t tld_empty = {
0,
false,
NULL, NULL,
{ MI_SEGMENT_SPAN_QUEUES_EMPTY, 0, 0, 0, 0, tld_empty_stats, tld_empty_os }, // segments
{ 0, tld_empty_stats }, // os
{ MI_STATS_NULL } // stats
};
// the thread-local default heap for allocation
mi_decl_thread mi_heap_t* _mi_heap_default = (mi_heap_t*)&_mi_heap_empty;
extern mi_heap_t _mi_heap_main;
static mi_tld_t tld_main = {
0, false,
&_mi_heap_main, & _mi_heap_main,
{ MI_SEGMENT_SPAN_QUEUES_EMPTY, 0, 0, 0, 0, &tld_main.stats, &tld_main.os }, // segments
{ 0, &tld_main.stats }, // os
{ MI_STATS_NULL } // stats
};
mi_heap_t _mi_heap_main = {
&tld_main,
MI_SMALL_PAGES_EMPTY,
MI_PAGE_QUEUES_EMPTY,
MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(NULL),
0, // thread id
0, // initial cookie
{ 0, 0 }, // the key of the main heap can be fixed (unlike page keys that need to be secure!)
{ {0x846ca68b}, {0}, 0 }, // random
0, // page count
MI_BIN_FULL, 0, // page retired min/max
NULL, // next heap
false // can reclaim
};
bool _mi_process_is_initialized = false; // set to `true` in `mi_process_init`.
mi_stats_t _mi_stats_main = { MI_STATS_NULL };
static void mi_heap_main_init(void) {
if (_mi_heap_main.cookie == 0) {
_mi_heap_main.thread_id = _mi_thread_id();
_mi_heap_main.cookie = _mi_os_random_weak((uintptr_t)&mi_heap_main_init);
_mi_random_init(&_mi_heap_main.random);
_mi_heap_main.keys[0] = _mi_heap_random_next(&_mi_heap_main);
_mi_heap_main.keys[1] = _mi_heap_random_next(&_mi_heap_main);
}
}
mi_heap_t* _mi_heap_main_get(void) {
mi_heap_main_init();
return &_mi_heap_main;
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Initialization and freeing of the thread local heaps
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// note: in x64 in release build `sizeof(mi_thread_data_t)` is under 4KiB (= OS page size).
typedef struct mi_thread_data_s {
mi_heap_t heap; // must come first due to cast in `_mi_heap_done`
mi_tld_t tld;
} mi_thread_data_t;
// Thread meta-data is allocated directly from the OS. For
// some programs that do not use thread pools and allocate and
// destroy many OS threads, this may causes too much overhead
// per thread so we maintain a small cache of recently freed metadata.
#define TD_CACHE_SIZE (8)
static _Atomic(mi_thread_data_t*) td_cache[TD_CACHE_SIZE];
static mi_thread_data_t* mi_thread_data_alloc(void) {
// try to find thread metadata in the cache
mi_thread_data_t* td;
for (int i = 0; i < TD_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
td = mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(mi_thread_data_t, &td_cache[i]);
if (td != NULL) {
td = mi_atomic_exchange_ptr_acq_rel(mi_thread_data_t, &td_cache[i], NULL);
if (td != NULL) {
return td;
}
}
}
// if that fails, allocate directly from the OS
td = (mi_thread_data_t*)_mi_os_alloc(sizeof(mi_thread_data_t), &_mi_stats_main);
if (td == NULL) {
// if this fails, try once more. (issue #257)
td = (mi_thread_data_t*)_mi_os_alloc(sizeof(mi_thread_data_t), &_mi_stats_main);
if (td == NULL) {
// really out of memory
_mi_error_message(ENOMEM, "unable to allocate thread local heap metadata (%zu bytes)\n", sizeof(mi_thread_data_t));
}
}
return td;
}
static void mi_thread_data_free( mi_thread_data_t* tdfree ) {
// try to add the thread metadata to the cache
for (int i = 0; i < TD_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
mi_thread_data_t* td = mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(mi_thread_data_t, &td_cache[i]);
if (td == NULL) {
mi_thread_data_t* expected = NULL;
if (mi_atomic_cas_ptr_weak_acq_rel(mi_thread_data_t, &td_cache[i], &expected, tdfree)) {
return;
}
}
}
// if that fails, just free it directly
_mi_os_free(tdfree, sizeof(mi_thread_data_t), &_mi_stats_main);
}
static void mi_thread_data_collect(void) {
// free all thread metadata from the cache
for (int i = 0; i < TD_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
mi_thread_data_t* td = mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(mi_thread_data_t, &td_cache[i]);
if (td != NULL) {
td = mi_atomic_exchange_ptr_acq_rel(mi_thread_data_t, &td_cache[i], NULL);
if (td != NULL) {
_mi_os_free( td, sizeof(mi_thread_data_t), &_mi_stats_main );
}
}
}
}
// Initialize the thread local default heap, called from `mi_thread_init`
static bool _mi_heap_init(void) {
if (mi_heap_is_initialized(mi_get_default_heap())) return true;
if (_mi_is_main_thread()) {
// mi_assert_internal(_mi_heap_main.thread_id != 0); // can happen on freeBSD where alloc is called before any initialization
// the main heap is statically allocated
mi_heap_main_init();
_mi_heap_set_default_direct(&_mi_heap_main);
//mi_assert_internal(_mi_heap_default->tld->heap_backing == mi_get_default_heap());
}
else {
// use `_mi_os_alloc` to allocate directly from the OS
mi_thread_data_t* td = mi_thread_data_alloc();
if (td == NULL) return false;
// OS allocated so already zero initialized
mi_tld_t* tld = &td->tld;
mi_heap_t* heap = &td->heap;
_mi_memcpy_aligned(tld, &tld_empty, sizeof(*tld));
_mi_memcpy_aligned(heap, &_mi_heap_empty, sizeof(*heap));
heap->thread_id = _mi_thread_id();
_mi_random_init(&heap->random);
heap->cookie = _mi_heap_random_next(heap) | 1;
heap->keys[0] = _mi_heap_random_next(heap);
heap->keys[1] = _mi_heap_random_next(heap);
heap->tld = tld;
tld->heap_backing = heap;
tld->heaps = heap;
tld->segments.stats = &tld->stats;
tld->segments.os = &tld->os;
tld->os.stats = &tld->stats;
_mi_heap_set_default_direct(heap);
}
return false;
}
// Free the thread local default heap (called from `mi_thread_done`)
static bool _mi_heap_done(mi_heap_t* heap) {
if (!mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) return true;
// reset default heap
_mi_heap_set_default_direct(_mi_is_main_thread() ? &_mi_heap_main : (mi_heap_t*)&_mi_heap_empty);
// switch to backing heap
heap = heap->tld->heap_backing;
if (!mi_heap_is_initialized(heap)) return false;
// delete all non-backing heaps in this thread
mi_heap_t* curr = heap->tld->heaps;
while (curr != NULL) {
mi_heap_t* next = curr->next; // save `next` as `curr` will be freed
if (curr != heap) {
mi_assert_internal(!mi_heap_is_backing(curr));
mi_heap_delete(curr);
}
curr = next;
}
mi_assert_internal(heap->tld->heaps == heap && heap->next == NULL);
mi_assert_internal(mi_heap_is_backing(heap));
// collect if not the main thread
if (heap != &_mi_heap_main) {
_mi_heap_collect_abandon(heap);
}
// merge stats
_mi_stats_done(&heap->tld->stats);
// free if not the main thread
if (heap != &_mi_heap_main) {
// the following assertion does not always hold for huge segments as those are always treated
// as abondened: one may allocate it in one thread, but deallocate in another in which case
// the count can be too large or negative. todo: perhaps not count huge segments? see issue #363
// mi_assert_internal(heap->tld->segments.count == 0 || heap->thread_id != _mi_thread_id());
mi_thread_data_free((mi_thread_data_t*)heap);
}
else {
mi_thread_data_collect(); // free cached thread metadata
#if 0
// never free the main thread even in debug mode; if a dll is linked statically with mimalloc,
// there may still be delete/free calls after the mi_fls_done is called. Issue #207
_mi_heap_destroy_pages(heap);
mi_assert_internal(heap->tld->heap_backing == &_mi_heap_main);
#endif
}
return false;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------
// Try to run `mi_thread_done()` automatically so any memory
// owned by the thread but not yet released can be abandoned
// and re-owned by another thread.
//
// 1. windows dynamic library:
// call from DllMain on DLL_THREAD_DETACH
// 2. windows static library:
// use `FlsAlloc` to call a destructor when the thread is done
// 3. unix, pthreads:
// use a pthread key to call a destructor when a pthread is done
//
// In the last two cases we also need to call `mi_process_init`
// to set up the thread local keys.
// --------------------------------------------------------
static void _mi_thread_done(mi_heap_t* default_heap);
#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(MI_SHARED_LIB)
// nothing to do as it is done in DllMain
#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(MI_SHARED_LIB)
// use thread local storage keys to detect thread ending
#include <windows.h>
#include <fibersapi.h>
#if (_WIN32_WINNT < 0x600) // before Windows Vista
WINBASEAPI DWORD WINAPI FlsAlloc( _In_opt_ PFLS_CALLBACK_FUNCTION lpCallback );
WINBASEAPI PVOID WINAPI FlsGetValue( _In_ DWORD dwFlsIndex );
WINBASEAPI BOOL WINAPI FlsSetValue( _In_ DWORD dwFlsIndex, _In_opt_ PVOID lpFlsData );
WINBASEAPI BOOL WINAPI FlsFree(_In_ DWORD dwFlsIndex);
#endif
static DWORD mi_fls_key = (DWORD)(-1);
static void NTAPI mi_fls_done(PVOID value) {
if (value!=NULL) _mi_thread_done((mi_heap_t*)value);
}
#elif defined(MI_USE_PTHREADS)
// use pthread local storage keys to detect thread ending
// (and used with MI_TLS_PTHREADS for the default heap)
pthread_key_t _mi_heap_default_key = (pthread_key_t)(-1);
static void mi_pthread_done(void* value) {
if (value!=NULL) _mi_thread_done((mi_heap_t*)value);
}
#elif defined(__wasi__)
// no pthreads in the WebAssembly Standard Interface
#else
#pragma message("define a way to call mi_thread_done when a thread is done")
#endif
// Set up handlers so `mi_thread_done` is called automatically
static void mi_process_setup_auto_thread_done(void) {
static bool tls_initialized = false; // fine if it races
if (tls_initialized) return;
tls_initialized = true;
#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(MI_SHARED_LIB)
// nothing to do as it is done in DllMain
#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(MI_SHARED_LIB)
mi_fls_key = FlsAlloc(&mi_fls_done);
#elif defined(MI_USE_PTHREADS)
mi_assert_internal(_mi_heap_default_key == (pthread_key_t)(-1));
pthread_key_create(&_mi_heap_default_key, &mi_pthread_done);
#endif
_mi_heap_set_default_direct(&_mi_heap_main);
}
bool _mi_is_main_thread(void) {
return (_mi_heap_main.thread_id==0 || _mi_heap_main.thread_id == _mi_thread_id());
}
static _Atomic(size_t) thread_count = MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(1);
size_t _mi_current_thread_count(void) {
return mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&thread_count);
}
// This is called from the `mi_malloc_generic`
void mi_thread_init(void) mi_attr_noexcept
{
// ensure our process has started already
mi_process_init();
// initialize the thread local default heap
// (this will call `_mi_heap_set_default_direct` and thus set the
// fiber/pthread key to a non-zero value, ensuring `_mi_thread_done` is called)
if (_mi_heap_init()) return; // returns true if already initialized
_mi_stat_increase(&_mi_stats_main.threads, 1);
mi_atomic_increment_relaxed(&thread_count);
//_mi_verbose_message("thread init: 0x%zx\n", _mi_thread_id());
}
void mi_thread_done(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
_mi_thread_done(mi_get_default_heap());
}
static void _mi_thread_done(mi_heap_t* heap) {
mi_atomic_decrement_relaxed(&thread_count);
_mi_stat_decrease(&_mi_stats_main.threads, 1);
// check thread-id as on Windows shutdown with FLS the main (exit) thread may call this on thread-local heaps...
if (heap->thread_id != _mi_thread_id()) return;
// abandon the thread local heap
if (_mi_heap_done(heap)) return; // returns true if already ran
}
void _mi_heap_set_default_direct(mi_heap_t* heap) {
mi_assert_internal(heap != NULL);
#if defined(MI_TLS_SLOT)
mi_tls_slot_set(MI_TLS_SLOT,heap);
#elif defined(MI_TLS_PTHREAD_SLOT_OFS)
*mi_tls_pthread_heap_slot() = heap;
#elif defined(MI_TLS_PTHREAD)
// we use _mi_heap_default_key
#else
_mi_heap_default = heap;
#endif
// ensure the default heap is passed to `_mi_thread_done`
// setting to a non-NULL value also ensures `mi_thread_done` is called.
#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(MI_SHARED_LIB)
// nothing to do as it is done in DllMain
#elif defined(_WIN32) && !defined(MI_SHARED_LIB)
mi_assert_internal(mi_fls_key != 0);
FlsSetValue(mi_fls_key, heap);
#elif defined(MI_USE_PTHREADS)
if (_mi_heap_default_key != (pthread_key_t)(-1)) { // can happen during recursive invocation on freeBSD
pthread_setspecific(_mi_heap_default_key, heap);
}
#endif
}
// --------------------------------------------------------
// Run functions on process init/done, and thread init/done
// --------------------------------------------------------
static void mi_process_done(void);
static bool os_preloading = true; // true until this module is initialized
static bool mi_redirected = false; // true if malloc redirects to mi_malloc
// Returns true if this module has not been initialized; Don't use C runtime routines until it returns false.
bool _mi_preloading(void) {
return os_preloading;
}
mi_decl_nodiscard bool mi_is_redirected(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_redirected;
}
// Communicate with the redirection module on Windows
#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(MI_SHARED_LIB)
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
mi_decl_export void _mi_redirect_entry(DWORD reason) {
// called on redirection; careful as this may be called before DllMain
if (reason == DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH) {
mi_redirected = true;
}
else if (reason == DLL_PROCESS_DETACH) {
mi_redirected = false;
}
else if (reason == DLL_THREAD_DETACH) {
mi_thread_done();
}
}
__declspec(dllimport) bool mi_allocator_init(const char** message);
__declspec(dllimport) void mi_allocator_done(void);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#else
static bool mi_allocator_init(const char** message) {
if (message != NULL) *message = NULL;
return true;
}
static void mi_allocator_done(void) {
// nothing to do
}
#endif
// Called once by the process loader
static void mi_process_load(void) {
mi_heap_main_init();
#if defined(MI_TLS_RECURSE_GUARD)
volatile mi_heap_t* dummy = _mi_heap_default; // access TLS to allocate it before setting tls_initialized to true;
MI_UNUSED(dummy);
#endif
os_preloading = false;
#if !(defined(_WIN32) && defined(MI_SHARED_LIB)) // use Dll process detach (see below) instead of atexit (issue #521)
atexit(&mi_process_done);
#endif
_mi_options_init();
mi_process_init();
//mi_stats_reset();-
if (mi_redirected) _mi_verbose_message("malloc is redirected.\n");
// show message from the redirector (if present)
const char* msg = NULL;
mi_allocator_init(&msg);
if (msg != NULL && (mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_verbose) || mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_show_errors))) {
_mi_fputs(NULL,NULL,NULL,msg);
}
}
#if defined(_WIN32) && (defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64))
#include <intrin.h>
mi_decl_cache_align bool _mi_cpu_has_fsrm = false;
static void mi_detect_cpu_features(void) {
// FSRM for fast rep movsb support (AMD Zen3+ (~2020) or Intel Ice Lake+ (~2017))
int32_t cpu_info[4];
__cpuid(cpu_info, 7);
_mi_cpu_has_fsrm = ((cpu_info[3] & (1 << 4)) != 0); // bit 4 of EDX : see <https ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUID#EAX=7,_ECX=0:_Extended_Features>
}
#else
static void mi_detect_cpu_features(void) {
// nothing
}
#endif
// Initialize the process; called by thread_init or the process loader
void mi_process_init(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
// ensure we are called once
if (_mi_process_is_initialized) return;
_mi_verbose_message("process init: 0x%zx\n", _mi_thread_id());
_mi_process_is_initialized = true;
mi_process_setup_auto_thread_done();
mi_detect_cpu_features();
_mi_os_init();
mi_heap_main_init();
#if (MI_DEBUG)
_mi_verbose_message("debug level : %d\n", MI_DEBUG);
#endif
_mi_verbose_message("secure level: %d\n", MI_SECURE);
mi_thread_init();
#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(MI_SHARED_LIB)
// When building as a static lib the FLS cleanup happens to early for the main thread.
// To avoid this, set the FLS value for the main thread to NULL so the fls cleanup
// will not call _mi_thread_done on the (still executing) main thread. See issue #508.
FlsSetValue(mi_fls_key, NULL);
#endif
mi_stats_reset(); // only call stat reset *after* thread init (or the heap tld == NULL)
if (mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_reserve_huge_os_pages)) {
size_t pages = mi_option_get_clamp(mi_option_reserve_huge_os_pages, 0, 128*1024);
long reserve_at = mi_option_get(mi_option_reserve_huge_os_pages_at);
if (reserve_at != -1) {
mi_reserve_huge_os_pages_at(pages, reserve_at, pages*500);
} else {
mi_reserve_huge_os_pages_interleave(pages, 0, pages*500);
}
}
if (mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_reserve_os_memory)) {
long ksize = mi_option_get(mi_option_reserve_os_memory);
if (ksize > 0) {
mi_reserve_os_memory((size_t)ksize*MI_KiB, true /* commit? */, true /* allow large pages? */);
}
}
}
// Called when the process is done (through `at_exit`)
static void mi_process_done(void) {
// only shutdown if we were initialized
if (!_mi_process_is_initialized) return;
// ensure we are called once
static bool process_done = false;
if (process_done) return;
process_done = true;
#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(MI_SHARED_LIB)
FlsFree(mi_fls_key); // call thread-done on all threads (except the main thread) to prevent dangling callback pointer if statically linked with a DLL; Issue #208
#endif
#ifndef MI_SKIP_COLLECT_ON_EXIT
#if (MI_DEBUG != 0) || !defined(MI_SHARED_LIB)
// free all memory if possible on process exit. This is not needed for a stand-alone process
// but should be done if mimalloc is statically linked into another shared library which
// is repeatedly loaded/unloaded, see issue #281.
mi_collect(true /* force */ );
#endif
#endif
if (mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_show_stats) || mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_verbose)) {
mi_stats_print(NULL);
}
mi_allocator_done();
_mi_verbose_message("process done: 0x%zx\n", _mi_heap_main.thread_id);
os_preloading = true; // don't call the C runtime anymore
}
#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(MI_SHARED_LIB)
// Windows DLL: easy to hook into process_init and thread_done
__declspec(dllexport) BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE inst, DWORD reason, LPVOID reserved) {
MI_UNUSED(reserved);
MI_UNUSED(inst);
if (reason==DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH) {
mi_process_load();
}
else if (reason==DLL_PROCESS_DETACH) {
mi_process_done();
}
else if (reason==DLL_THREAD_DETACH) {
if (!mi_is_redirected()) {
mi_thread_done();
}
}
return TRUE;
}
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
// MSVC: use data section magic for static libraries
// See <https://www.codeguru.com/cpp/misc/misc/applicationcontrol/article.php/c6945/Running-Code-Before-and-After-Main.htm>
static int _mi_process_init(void) {
mi_process_load();
return 0;
}
typedef int(*_mi_crt_callback_t)(void);
#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_ARM64)
__pragma(comment(linker, "/include:" "_mi_msvc_initu"))
#pragma section(".CRT$XIU", long, read)
#else
__pragma(comment(linker, "/include:" "__mi_msvc_initu"))
#endif
#pragma data_seg(".CRT$XIU")
mi_decl_externc _mi_crt_callback_t _mi_msvc_initu[] = { &_mi_process_init };
#pragma data_seg()
#elif defined(__cplusplus)
// C++: use static initialization to detect process start
static bool _mi_process_init(void) {
mi_process_load();
return (_mi_heap_main.thread_id != 0);
}
static bool mi_initialized = _mi_process_init();
#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
// GCC,Clang: use the constructor attribute
static void __attribute__((constructor)) _mi_process_init(void) {
mi_process_load();
}
#else
#pragma message("define a way to call mi_process_load on your platform")
#endif

338
compat/mimalloc/mimalloc-atomic.h Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#pragma once
#ifndef MIMALLOC_ATOMIC_H
#define MIMALLOC_ATOMIC_H
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Atomics
// We need to be portable between C, C++, and MSVC.
// We base the primitives on the C/C++ atomics and create a mimimal wrapper for MSVC in C compilation mode.
// This is why we try to use only `uintptr_t` and `<type>*` as atomic types.
// To gain better insight in the range of used atomics, we use explicitly named memory order operations
// instead of passing the memory order as a parameter.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#if defined(__cplusplus)
// Use C++ atomics
#include <atomic>
#define _Atomic(tp) std::atomic<tp>
#define mi_atomic(name) std::atomic_##name
#define mi_memory_order(name) std::memory_order_##name
#if !defined(ATOMIC_VAR_INIT) || (__cplusplus >= 202002L) // c++20, see issue #571
#define MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x) x
#else
#define MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x) ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x)
#endif
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
// Use MSVC C wrapper for C11 atomics
#define _Atomic(tp) tp
#define MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x) x
#define mi_atomic(name) mi_atomic_##name
#define mi_memory_order(name) mi_memory_order_##name
#else
// Use C11 atomics
#include <stdatomic.h>
#define mi_atomic(name) atomic_##name
#define mi_memory_order(name) memory_order_##name
#define MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x) ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(x)
#endif
// Various defines for all used memory orders in mimalloc
#define mi_atomic_cas_weak(p,expected,desired,mem_success,mem_fail) \
mi_atomic(compare_exchange_weak_explicit)(p,expected,desired,mem_success,mem_fail)
#define mi_atomic_cas_strong(p,expected,desired,mem_success,mem_fail) \
mi_atomic(compare_exchange_strong_explicit)(p,expected,desired,mem_success,mem_fail)
#define mi_atomic_load_acquire(p) mi_atomic(load_explicit)(p,mi_memory_order(acquire))
#define mi_atomic_load_relaxed(p) mi_atomic(load_explicit)(p,mi_memory_order(relaxed))
#define mi_atomic_store_release(p,x) mi_atomic(store_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(release))
#define mi_atomic_store_relaxed(p,x) mi_atomic(store_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(relaxed))
#define mi_atomic_exchange_release(p,x) mi_atomic(exchange_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(release))
#define mi_atomic_exchange_acq_rel(p,x) mi_atomic(exchange_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(acq_rel))
#define mi_atomic_cas_weak_release(p,exp,des) mi_atomic_cas_weak(p,exp,des,mi_memory_order(release),mi_memory_order(relaxed))
#define mi_atomic_cas_weak_acq_rel(p,exp,des) mi_atomic_cas_weak(p,exp,des,mi_memory_order(acq_rel),mi_memory_order(acquire))
#define mi_atomic_cas_strong_release(p,exp,des) mi_atomic_cas_strong(p,exp,des,mi_memory_order(release),mi_memory_order(relaxed))
#define mi_atomic_cas_strong_acq_rel(p,exp,des) mi_atomic_cas_strong(p,exp,des,mi_memory_order(acq_rel),mi_memory_order(acquire))
#define mi_atomic_add_relaxed(p,x) mi_atomic(fetch_add_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(relaxed))
#define mi_atomic_sub_relaxed(p,x) mi_atomic(fetch_sub_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(relaxed))
#define mi_atomic_add_acq_rel(p,x) mi_atomic(fetch_add_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(acq_rel))
#define mi_atomic_sub_acq_rel(p,x) mi_atomic(fetch_sub_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(acq_rel))
#define mi_atomic_and_acq_rel(p,x) mi_atomic(fetch_and_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(acq_rel))
#define mi_atomic_or_acq_rel(p,x) mi_atomic(fetch_or_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(acq_rel))
#define mi_atomic_increment_relaxed(p) mi_atomic_add_relaxed(p,(uintptr_t)1)
#define mi_atomic_decrement_relaxed(p) mi_atomic_sub_relaxed(p,(uintptr_t)1)
#define mi_atomic_increment_acq_rel(p) mi_atomic_add_acq_rel(p,(uintptr_t)1)
#define mi_atomic_decrement_acq_rel(p) mi_atomic_sub_acq_rel(p,(uintptr_t)1)
static inline void mi_atomic_yield(void);
static inline intptr_t mi_atomic_addi(_Atomic(intptr_t)*p, intptr_t add);
static inline intptr_t mi_atomic_subi(_Atomic(intptr_t)*p, intptr_t sub);
#if defined(__cplusplus) || !defined(_MSC_VER)
// In C++/C11 atomics we have polymorphic atomics so can use the typed `ptr` variants (where `tp` is the type of atomic value)
// We use these macros so we can provide a typed wrapper in MSVC in C compilation mode as well
#define mi_atomic_load_ptr_acquire(tp,p) mi_atomic_load_acquire(p)
#define mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(tp,p) mi_atomic_load_relaxed(p)
// In C++ we need to add casts to help resolve templates if NULL is passed
#if defined(__cplusplus)
#define mi_atomic_store_ptr_release(tp,p,x) mi_atomic_store_release(p,(tp*)x)
#define mi_atomic_store_ptr_relaxed(tp,p,x) mi_atomic_store_relaxed(p,(tp*)x)
#define mi_atomic_cas_ptr_weak_release(tp,p,exp,des) mi_atomic_cas_weak_release(p,exp,(tp*)des)
#define mi_atomic_cas_ptr_weak_acq_rel(tp,p,exp,des) mi_atomic_cas_weak_acq_rel(p,exp,(tp*)des)
#define mi_atomic_cas_ptr_strong_release(tp,p,exp,des) mi_atomic_cas_strong_release(p,exp,(tp*)des)
#define mi_atomic_exchange_ptr_release(tp,p,x) mi_atomic_exchange_release(p,(tp*)x)
#define mi_atomic_exchange_ptr_acq_rel(tp,p,x) mi_atomic_exchange_acq_rel(p,(tp*)x)
#else
#define mi_atomic_store_ptr_release(tp,p,x) mi_atomic_store_release(p,x)
#define mi_atomic_store_ptr_relaxed(tp,p,x) mi_atomic_store_relaxed(p,x)
#define mi_atomic_cas_ptr_weak_release(tp,p,exp,des) mi_atomic_cas_weak_release(p,exp,des)
#define mi_atomic_cas_ptr_weak_acq_rel(tp,p,exp,des) mi_atomic_cas_weak_acq_rel(p,exp,des)
#define mi_atomic_cas_ptr_strong_release(tp,p,exp,des) mi_atomic_cas_strong_release(p,exp,des)
#define mi_atomic_exchange_ptr_release(tp,p,x) mi_atomic_exchange_release(p,x)
#define mi_atomic_exchange_ptr_acq_rel(tp,p,x) mi_atomic_exchange_acq_rel(p,x)
#endif
// These are used by the statistics
static inline int64_t mi_atomic_addi64_relaxed(volatile int64_t* p, int64_t add) {
return mi_atomic(fetch_add_explicit)((_Atomic(int64_t)*)p, add, mi_memory_order(relaxed));
}
static inline void mi_atomic_maxi64_relaxed(volatile int64_t* p, int64_t x) {
int64_t current = mi_atomic_load_relaxed((_Atomic(int64_t)*)p);
while (current < x && !mi_atomic_cas_weak_release((_Atomic(int64_t)*)p, &current, x)) { /* nothing */ };
}
// Used by timers
#define mi_atomic_loadi64_acquire(p) mi_atomic(load_explicit)(p,mi_memory_order(acquire))
#define mi_atomic_loadi64_relaxed(p) mi_atomic(load_explicit)(p,mi_memory_order(relaxed))
#define mi_atomic_storei64_release(p,x) mi_atomic(store_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(release))
#define mi_atomic_storei64_relaxed(p,x) mi_atomic(store_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(relaxed))
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
// MSVC C compilation wrapper that uses Interlocked operations to model C11 atomics.
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>
#include <intrin.h>
#ifdef _WIN64
typedef LONG64 msc_intptr_t;
#define MI_64(f) f##64
#else
typedef LONG msc_intptr_t;
#define MI_64(f) f
#endif
typedef enum mi_memory_order_e {
mi_memory_order_relaxed,
mi_memory_order_consume,
mi_memory_order_acquire,
mi_memory_order_release,
mi_memory_order_acq_rel,
mi_memory_order_seq_cst
} mi_memory_order;
static inline uintptr_t mi_atomic_fetch_add_explicit(_Atomic(uintptr_t)*p, uintptr_t add, mi_memory_order mo) {
(void)(mo);
return (uintptr_t)MI_64(_InterlockedExchangeAdd)((volatile msc_intptr_t*)p, (msc_intptr_t)add);
}
static inline uintptr_t mi_atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(_Atomic(uintptr_t)*p, uintptr_t sub, mi_memory_order mo) {
(void)(mo);
return (uintptr_t)MI_64(_InterlockedExchangeAdd)((volatile msc_intptr_t*)p, -((msc_intptr_t)sub));
}
static inline uintptr_t mi_atomic_fetch_and_explicit(_Atomic(uintptr_t)*p, uintptr_t x, mi_memory_order mo) {
(void)(mo);
return (uintptr_t)MI_64(_InterlockedAnd)((volatile msc_intptr_t*)p, (msc_intptr_t)x);
}
static inline uintptr_t mi_atomic_fetch_or_explicit(_Atomic(uintptr_t)*p, uintptr_t x, mi_memory_order mo) {
(void)(mo);
return (uintptr_t)MI_64(_InterlockedOr)((volatile msc_intptr_t*)p, (msc_intptr_t)x);
}
static inline bool mi_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(_Atomic(uintptr_t)*p, uintptr_t* expected, uintptr_t desired, mi_memory_order mo1, mi_memory_order mo2) {
(void)(mo1); (void)(mo2);
uintptr_t read = (uintptr_t)MI_64(_InterlockedCompareExchange)((volatile msc_intptr_t*)p, (msc_intptr_t)desired, (msc_intptr_t)(*expected));
if (read == *expected) {
return true;
}
else {
*expected = read;
return false;
}
}
static inline bool mi_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(_Atomic(uintptr_t)*p, uintptr_t* expected, uintptr_t desired, mi_memory_order mo1, mi_memory_order mo2) {
return mi_atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(p, expected, desired, mo1, mo2);
}
static inline uintptr_t mi_atomic_exchange_explicit(_Atomic(uintptr_t)*p, uintptr_t exchange, mi_memory_order mo) {
(void)(mo);
return (uintptr_t)MI_64(_InterlockedExchange)((volatile msc_intptr_t*)p, (msc_intptr_t)exchange);
}
static inline void mi_atomic_thread_fence(mi_memory_order mo) {
(void)(mo);
_Atomic(uintptr_t) x = 0;
mi_atomic_exchange_explicit(&x, 1, mo);
}
static inline uintptr_t mi_atomic_load_explicit(_Atomic(uintptr_t) const* p, mi_memory_order mo) {
(void)(mo);
#if defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64)
return *p;
#else
uintptr_t x = *p;
if (mo > mi_memory_order_relaxed) {
while (!mi_atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(p, &x, x, mo, mi_memory_order_relaxed)) { /* nothing */ };
}
return x;
#endif
}
static inline void mi_atomic_store_explicit(_Atomic(uintptr_t)*p, uintptr_t x, mi_memory_order mo) {
(void)(mo);
#if defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64)
*p = x;
#else
mi_atomic_exchange_explicit(p, x, mo);
#endif
}
static inline int64_t mi_atomic_loadi64_explicit(_Atomic(int64_t)*p, mi_memory_order mo) {
(void)(mo);
#if defined(_M_X64)
return *p;
#else
int64_t old = *p;
int64_t x = old;
while ((old = InterlockedCompareExchange64(p, x, old)) != x) {
x = old;
}
return x;
#endif
}
static inline void mi_atomic_storei64_explicit(_Atomic(int64_t)*p, int64_t x, mi_memory_order mo) {
(void)(mo);
#if defined(x_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64)
*p = x;
#else
InterlockedExchange64(p, x);
#endif
}
// These are used by the statistics
static inline int64_t mi_atomic_addi64_relaxed(volatile _Atomic(int64_t)*p, int64_t add) {
#ifdef _WIN64
return (int64_t)mi_atomic_addi((int64_t*)p, add);
#else
int64_t current;
int64_t sum;
do {
current = *p;
sum = current + add;
} while (_InterlockedCompareExchange64(p, sum, current) != current);
return current;
#endif
}
static inline void mi_atomic_maxi64_relaxed(volatile _Atomic(int64_t)*p, int64_t x) {
int64_t current;
do {
current = *p;
} while (current < x && _InterlockedCompareExchange64(p, x, current) != current);
}
// The pointer macros cast to `uintptr_t`.
#define mi_atomic_load_ptr_acquire(tp,p) (tp*)mi_atomic_load_acquire((_Atomic(uintptr_t)*)(p))
#define mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(tp,p) (tp*)mi_atomic_load_relaxed((_Atomic(uintptr_t)*)(p))
#define mi_atomic_store_ptr_release(tp,p,x) mi_atomic_store_release((_Atomic(uintptr_t)*)(p),(uintptr_t)(x))
#define mi_atomic_store_ptr_relaxed(tp,p,x) mi_atomic_store_relaxed((_Atomic(uintptr_t)*)(p),(uintptr_t)(x))
#define mi_atomic_cas_ptr_weak_release(tp,p,exp,des) mi_atomic_cas_weak_release((_Atomic(uintptr_t)*)(p),(uintptr_t*)exp,(uintptr_t)des)
#define mi_atomic_cas_ptr_weak_acq_rel(tp,p,exp,des) mi_atomic_cas_weak_acq_rel((_Atomic(uintptr_t)*)(p),(uintptr_t*)exp,(uintptr_t)des)
#define mi_atomic_cas_ptr_strong_release(tp,p,exp,des) mi_atomic_cas_strong_release((_Atomic(uintptr_t)*)(p),(uintptr_t*)exp,(uintptr_t)des)
#define mi_atomic_exchange_ptr_release(tp,p,x) (tp*)mi_atomic_exchange_release((_Atomic(uintptr_t)*)(p),(uintptr_t)x)
#define mi_atomic_exchange_ptr_acq_rel(tp,p,x) (tp*)mi_atomic_exchange_acq_rel((_Atomic(uintptr_t)*)(p),(uintptr_t)x)
#define mi_atomic_loadi64_acquire(p) mi_atomic(loadi64_explicit)(p,mi_memory_order(acquire))
#define mi_atomic_loadi64_relaxed(p) mi_atomic(loadi64_explicit)(p,mi_memory_order(relaxed))
#define mi_atomic_storei64_release(p,x) mi_atomic(storei64_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(release))
#define mi_atomic_storei64_relaxed(p,x) mi_atomic(storei64_explicit)(p,x,mi_memory_order(relaxed))
#endif
// Atomically add a signed value; returns the previous value.
static inline intptr_t mi_atomic_addi(_Atomic(intptr_t)*p, intptr_t add) {
return (intptr_t)mi_atomic_add_acq_rel((_Atomic(uintptr_t)*)p, (uintptr_t)add);
}
// Atomically subtract a signed value; returns the previous value.
static inline intptr_t mi_atomic_subi(_Atomic(intptr_t)*p, intptr_t sub) {
return (intptr_t)mi_atomic_addi(p, -sub);
}
// Yield
#if defined(__cplusplus)
#include <thread>
static inline void mi_atomic_yield(void) {
std::this_thread::yield();
}
#elif defined(_WIN32)
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>
static inline void mi_atomic_yield(void) {
YieldProcessor();
}
#elif defined(__SSE2__)
#include <emmintrin.h>
static inline void mi_atomic_yield(void) {
_mm_pause();
}
#elif (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)) && \
(defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__armel__) || defined(__ARMEL__) || \
defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__ppc__) || defined(__PPC__))
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__)
static inline void mi_atomic_yield(void) {
__asm__ volatile ("pause" ::: "memory");
}
#elif defined(__aarch64__)
static inline void mi_atomic_yield(void) {
__asm__ volatile("wfe");
}
#elif (defined(__arm__) && __ARM_ARCH__ >= 7)
static inline void mi_atomic_yield(void) {
__asm__ volatile("yield" ::: "memory");
}
#elif defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__ppc__) || defined(__PPC__)
static inline void mi_atomic_yield(void) {
__asm__ __volatile__ ("or 27,27,27" ::: "memory");
}
#elif defined(__armel__) || defined(__ARMEL__)
static inline void mi_atomic_yield(void) {
__asm__ volatile ("nop" ::: "memory");
}
#endif
#elif defined(__sun)
// Fallback for other archs
#include <synch.h>
static inline void mi_atomic_yield(void) {
smt_pause();
}
#elif defined(__wasi__)
#include <sched.h>
static inline void mi_atomic_yield(void) {
sched_yield();
}
#else
#include <unistd.h>
static inline void mi_atomic_yield(void) {
sleep(0);
}
#endif
#endif // __MIMALLOC_ATOMIC_H

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/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2018-2021, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#pragma once
#ifndef MIMALLOC_TYPES_H
#define MIMALLOC_TYPES_H
#include <stddef.h> // ptrdiff_t
#include <stdint.h> // uintptr_t, uint16_t, etc
#include "mimalloc-atomic.h" // _Atomic
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(disable:4214) // bitfield is not int
#endif
// Minimal alignment necessary. On most platforms 16 bytes are needed
// due to SSE registers for example. This must be at least `sizeof(void*)`
#ifndef MI_MAX_ALIGN_SIZE
#define MI_MAX_ALIGN_SIZE 16 // sizeof(max_align_t)
#endif
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Variants
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Define NDEBUG in the release version to disable assertions.
// #define NDEBUG
// Define MI_STAT as 1 to maintain statistics; set it to 2 to have detailed statistics (but costs some performance).
// #define MI_STAT 1
// Define MI_SECURE to enable security mitigations
// #define MI_SECURE 1 // guard page around metadata
// #define MI_SECURE 2 // guard page around each mimalloc page
// #define MI_SECURE 3 // encode free lists (detect corrupted free list (buffer overflow), and invalid pointer free)
// #define MI_SECURE 4 // checks for double free. (may be more expensive)
#if !defined(MI_SECURE)
#define MI_SECURE 0
#endif
// Define MI_DEBUG for debug mode
// #define MI_DEBUG 1 // basic assertion checks and statistics, check double free, corrupted free list, and invalid pointer free.
// #define MI_DEBUG 2 // + internal assertion checks
// #define MI_DEBUG 3 // + extensive internal invariant checking (cmake -DMI_DEBUG_FULL=ON)
#if !defined(MI_DEBUG)
#if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(_DEBUG)
#define MI_DEBUG 2
#else
#define MI_DEBUG 0
#endif
#endif
// Reserve extra padding at the end of each block to be more resilient against heap block overflows.
// The padding can detect byte-precise buffer overflow on free.
#if !defined(MI_PADDING) && (MI_DEBUG>=1)
#define MI_PADDING 1
#endif
// Encoded free lists allow detection of corrupted free lists
// and can detect buffer overflows, modify after free, and double `free`s.
#if (MI_SECURE>=3 || MI_DEBUG>=1 || MI_PADDING > 0)
#define MI_ENCODE_FREELIST 1
#endif
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Platform specific values
// ------------------------------------------------------
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Size of a pointer.
// We assume that `sizeof(void*)==sizeof(intptr_t)`
// and it holds for all platforms we know of.
//
// However, the C standard only requires that:
// p == (void*)((intptr_t)p))
// but we also need:
// i == (intptr_t)((void*)i)
// or otherwise one might define an intptr_t type that is larger than a pointer...
// ------------------------------------------------------
#if INTPTR_MAX > INT64_MAX
# define MI_INTPTR_SHIFT (4) // assume 128-bit (as on arm CHERI for example)
#elif INTPTR_MAX == INT64_MAX
# define MI_INTPTR_SHIFT (3)
#elif INTPTR_MAX == INT32_MAX
# define MI_INTPTR_SHIFT (2)
#else
#error platform pointers must be 32, 64, or 128 bits
#endif
#if SIZE_MAX == UINT64_MAX
# define MI_SIZE_SHIFT (3)
typedef int64_t mi_ssize_t;
#elif SIZE_MAX == UINT32_MAX
# define MI_SIZE_SHIFT (2)
typedef int32_t mi_ssize_t;
#else
#error platform objects must be 32 or 64 bits
#endif
#if (SIZE_MAX/2) > LONG_MAX
# define MI_ZU(x) x##ULL
# define MI_ZI(x) x##LL
#else
# define MI_ZU(x) x##UL
# define MI_ZI(x) x##L
#endif
#define MI_INTPTR_SIZE (1<<MI_INTPTR_SHIFT)
#define MI_INTPTR_BITS (MI_INTPTR_SIZE*8)
#define MI_SIZE_SIZE (1<<MI_SIZE_SHIFT)
#define MI_SIZE_BITS (MI_SIZE_SIZE*8)
#define MI_KiB (MI_ZU(1024))
#define MI_MiB (MI_KiB*MI_KiB)
#define MI_GiB (MI_MiB*MI_KiB)
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Main internal data-structures
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Main tuning parameters for segment and page sizes
// Sizes for 64-bit (usually divide by two for 32-bit)
#define MI_SEGMENT_SLICE_SHIFT (13 + MI_INTPTR_SHIFT) // 64KiB (32KiB on 32-bit)
#if MI_INTPTR_SIZE > 4
#define MI_SEGMENT_SHIFT (10 + MI_SEGMENT_SLICE_SHIFT) // 64MiB
#else
#define MI_SEGMENT_SHIFT ( 7 + MI_SEGMENT_SLICE_SHIFT) // 4MiB on 32-bit
#endif
#define MI_SMALL_PAGE_SHIFT (MI_SEGMENT_SLICE_SHIFT) // 64KiB
#define MI_MEDIUM_PAGE_SHIFT ( 3 + MI_SMALL_PAGE_SHIFT) // 512KiB
// Derived constants
#define MI_SEGMENT_SIZE (MI_ZU(1)<<MI_SEGMENT_SHIFT)
#define MI_SEGMENT_ALIGN MI_SEGMENT_SIZE
#define MI_SEGMENT_MASK (MI_SEGMENT_SIZE - 1)
#define MI_SEGMENT_SLICE_SIZE (MI_ZU(1)<< MI_SEGMENT_SLICE_SHIFT)
#define MI_SLICES_PER_SEGMENT (MI_SEGMENT_SIZE / MI_SEGMENT_SLICE_SIZE) // 1024
#define MI_SMALL_PAGE_SIZE (MI_ZU(1)<<MI_SMALL_PAGE_SHIFT)
#define MI_MEDIUM_PAGE_SIZE (MI_ZU(1)<<MI_MEDIUM_PAGE_SHIFT)
#define MI_SMALL_OBJ_SIZE_MAX (MI_SMALL_PAGE_SIZE/4) // 8KiB on 64-bit
#define MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX (MI_MEDIUM_PAGE_SIZE/4) // 128KiB on 64-bit
#define MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_WSIZE_MAX (MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX/MI_INTPTR_SIZE)
#define MI_LARGE_OBJ_SIZE_MAX (MI_SEGMENT_SIZE/2) // 32MiB on 64-bit
#define MI_LARGE_OBJ_WSIZE_MAX (MI_LARGE_OBJ_SIZE_MAX/MI_INTPTR_SIZE)
// Maximum number of size classes. (spaced exponentially in 12.5% increments)
#define MI_BIN_HUGE (73U)
#if (MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_WSIZE_MAX >= 655360)
#error "mimalloc internal: define more bins"
#endif
#if (MI_ALIGNMENT_MAX > MI_SEGMENT_SIZE/2)
#error "mimalloc internal: the max aligned boundary is too large for the segment size"
#endif
#if (MI_ALIGNED_MAX % MI_SEGMENT_SLICE_SIZE != 0)
#error "mimalloc internal: the max aligned boundary must be an integral multiple of the segment slice size"
#endif
// Maximum slice offset (15)
#define MI_MAX_SLICE_OFFSET ((MI_ALIGNMENT_MAX / MI_SEGMENT_SLICE_SIZE) - 1)
// Used as a special value to encode block sizes in 32 bits.
#define MI_HUGE_BLOCK_SIZE ((uint32_t)(2*MI_GiB))
// blocks up to this size are always allocated aligned
#define MI_MAX_ALIGN_GUARANTEE (8*MI_MAX_ALIGN_SIZE)
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Mimalloc pages contain allocated blocks
// ------------------------------------------------------
// The free lists use encoded next fields
// (Only actually encodes when MI_ENCODED_FREELIST is defined.)
typedef uintptr_t mi_encoded_t;
// thread id's
typedef size_t mi_threadid_t;
// free lists contain blocks
typedef struct mi_block_s {
mi_encoded_t next;
} mi_block_t;
// The delayed flags are used for efficient multi-threaded free-ing
typedef enum mi_delayed_e {
MI_USE_DELAYED_FREE = 0, // push on the owning heap thread delayed list
MI_DELAYED_FREEING = 1, // temporary: another thread is accessing the owning heap
MI_NO_DELAYED_FREE = 2, // optimize: push on page local thread free queue if another block is already in the heap thread delayed free list
MI_NEVER_DELAYED_FREE = 3 // sticky, only resets on page reclaim
} mi_delayed_t;
// The `in_full` and `has_aligned` page flags are put in a union to efficiently
// test if both are false (`full_aligned == 0`) in the `mi_free` routine.
#if !MI_TSAN
typedef union mi_page_flags_s {
uint8_t full_aligned;
struct {
uint8_t in_full : 1;
uint8_t has_aligned : 1;
} x;
} mi_page_flags_t;
#else
// under thread sanitizer, use a byte for each flag to suppress warning, issue #130
typedef union mi_page_flags_s {
uint16_t full_aligned;
struct {
uint8_t in_full;
uint8_t has_aligned;
} x;
} mi_page_flags_t;
#endif
// Thread free list.
// We use the bottom 2 bits of the pointer for mi_delayed_t flags
typedef uintptr_t mi_thread_free_t;
// A page contains blocks of one specific size (`block_size`).
// Each page has three list of free blocks:
// `free` for blocks that can be allocated,
// `local_free` for freed blocks that are not yet available to `mi_malloc`
// `thread_free` for freed blocks by other threads
// The `local_free` and `thread_free` lists are migrated to the `free` list
// when it is exhausted. The separate `local_free` list is necessary to
// implement a monotonic heartbeat. The `thread_free` list is needed for
// avoiding atomic operations in the common case.
//
//
// `used - |thread_free|` == actual blocks that are in use (alive)
// `used - |thread_free| + |free| + |local_free| == capacity`
//
// We don't count `freed` (as |free|) but use `used` to reduce
// the number of memory accesses in the `mi_page_all_free` function(s).
//
// Notes:
// - Access is optimized for `mi_free` and `mi_page_alloc` (in `alloc.c`)
// - Using `uint16_t` does not seem to slow things down
// - The size is 8 words on 64-bit which helps the page index calculations
// (and 10 words on 32-bit, and encoded free lists add 2 words. Sizes 10
// and 12 are still good for address calculation)
// - To limit the structure size, the `xblock_size` is 32-bits only; for
// blocks > MI_HUGE_BLOCK_SIZE the size is determined from the segment page size
// - `thread_free` uses the bottom bits as a delayed-free flags to optimize
// concurrent frees where only the first concurrent free adds to the owning
// heap `thread_delayed_free` list (see `alloc.c:mi_free_block_mt`).
// The invariant is that no-delayed-free is only set if there is
// at least one block that will be added, or as already been added, to
// the owning heap `thread_delayed_free` list. This guarantees that pages
// will be freed correctly even if only other threads free blocks.
typedef struct mi_page_s {
// "owned" by the segment
uint32_t slice_count; // slices in this page (0 if not a page)
uint32_t slice_offset; // distance from the actual page data slice (0 if a page)
uint8_t is_reset : 1; // `true` if the page memory was reset
uint8_t is_committed : 1; // `true` if the page virtual memory is committed
uint8_t is_zero_init : 1; // `true` if the page was zero initialized
// layout like this to optimize access in `mi_malloc` and `mi_free`
uint16_t capacity; // number of blocks committed, must be the first field, see `segment.c:page_clear`
uint16_t reserved; // number of blocks reserved in memory
mi_page_flags_t flags; // `in_full` and `has_aligned` flags (8 bits)
uint8_t is_zero : 1; // `true` if the blocks in the free list are zero initialized
uint8_t retire_expire : 7; // expiration count for retired blocks
mi_block_t* free; // list of available free blocks (`malloc` allocates from this list)
#ifdef MI_ENCODE_FREELIST
uintptr_t keys[2]; // two random keys to encode the free lists (see `_mi_block_next`)
#endif
uint32_t used; // number of blocks in use (including blocks in `local_free` and `thread_free`)
uint32_t xblock_size; // size available in each block (always `>0`)
mi_block_t* local_free; // list of deferred free blocks by this thread (migrates to `free`)
_Atomic(mi_thread_free_t) xthread_free; // list of deferred free blocks freed by other threads
_Atomic(uintptr_t) xheap;
struct mi_page_s* next; // next page owned by this thread with the same `block_size`
struct mi_page_s* prev; // previous page owned by this thread with the same `block_size`
// 64-bit 9 words, 32-bit 12 words, (+2 for secure)
#if MI_INTPTR_SIZE==8
uintptr_t padding[1];
#endif
} mi_page_t;
typedef enum mi_page_kind_e {
MI_PAGE_SMALL, // small blocks go into 64KiB pages inside a segment
MI_PAGE_MEDIUM, // medium blocks go into medium pages inside a segment
MI_PAGE_LARGE, // larger blocks go into a page of just one block
MI_PAGE_HUGE, // huge blocks (> 16 MiB) are put into a single page in a single segment.
} mi_page_kind_t;
typedef enum mi_segment_kind_e {
MI_SEGMENT_NORMAL, // MI_SEGMENT_SIZE size with pages inside.
MI_SEGMENT_HUGE, // > MI_LARGE_SIZE_MAX segment with just one huge page inside.
} mi_segment_kind_t;
// ------------------------------------------------------
// A segment holds a commit mask where a bit is set if
// the corresponding MI_COMMIT_SIZE area is committed.
// The MI_COMMIT_SIZE must be a multiple of the slice
// size. If it is equal we have the most fine grained
// decommit (but setting it higher can be more efficient).
// The MI_MINIMAL_COMMIT_SIZE is the minimal amount that will
// be committed in one go which can be set higher than
// MI_COMMIT_SIZE for efficiency (while the decommit mask
// is still tracked in fine-grained MI_COMMIT_SIZE chunks)
// ------------------------------------------------------
#define MI_MINIMAL_COMMIT_SIZE (2*MI_MiB)
#define MI_COMMIT_SIZE (MI_SEGMENT_SLICE_SIZE) // 64KiB
#define MI_COMMIT_MASK_BITS (MI_SEGMENT_SIZE / MI_COMMIT_SIZE)
#define MI_COMMIT_MASK_FIELD_BITS MI_SIZE_BITS
#define MI_COMMIT_MASK_FIELD_COUNT (MI_COMMIT_MASK_BITS / MI_COMMIT_MASK_FIELD_BITS)
#if (MI_COMMIT_MASK_BITS != (MI_COMMIT_MASK_FIELD_COUNT * MI_COMMIT_MASK_FIELD_BITS))
#error "the segment size must be exactly divisible by the (commit size * size_t bits)"
#endif
typedef struct mi_commit_mask_s {
size_t mask[MI_COMMIT_MASK_FIELD_COUNT];
} mi_commit_mask_t;
typedef mi_page_t mi_slice_t;
typedef int64_t mi_msecs_t;
// Segments are large allocated memory blocks (8mb on 64 bit) from
// the OS. Inside segments we allocated fixed size _pages_ that
// contain blocks.
typedef struct mi_segment_s {
size_t memid; // memory id for arena allocation
bool mem_is_pinned; // `true` if we cannot decommit/reset/protect in this memory (i.e. when allocated using large OS pages)
bool mem_is_large; // in large/huge os pages?
bool mem_is_committed; // `true` if the whole segment is eagerly committed
bool allow_decommit;
mi_msecs_t decommit_expire;
mi_commit_mask_t decommit_mask;
mi_commit_mask_t commit_mask;
_Atomic(struct mi_segment_s*) abandoned_next;
// from here is zero initialized
struct mi_segment_s* next; // the list of freed segments in the cache (must be first field, see `segment.c:mi_segment_init`)
size_t abandoned; // abandoned pages (i.e. the original owning thread stopped) (`abandoned <= used`)
size_t abandoned_visits; // count how often this segment is visited in the abandoned list (to force reclaim it it is too long)
size_t used; // count of pages in use
uintptr_t cookie; // verify addresses in debug mode: `mi_ptr_cookie(segment) == segment->cookie`
size_t segment_slices; // for huge segments this may be different from `MI_SLICES_PER_SEGMENT`
size_t segment_info_slices; // initial slices we are using segment info and possible guard pages.
// layout like this to optimize access in `mi_free`
mi_segment_kind_t kind;
_Atomic(mi_threadid_t) thread_id; // unique id of the thread owning this segment
size_t slice_entries; // entries in the `slices` array, at most `MI_SLICES_PER_SEGMENT`
mi_slice_t slices[MI_SLICES_PER_SEGMENT];
} mi_segment_t;
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Heaps
// Provide first-class heaps to allocate from.
// A heap just owns a set of pages for allocation and
// can only be allocate/reallocate from the thread that created it.
// Freeing blocks can be done from any thread though.
// Per thread, the segments are shared among its heaps.
// Per thread, there is always a default heap that is
// used for allocation; it is initialized to statically
// point to an empty heap to avoid initialization checks
// in the fast path.
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Thread local data
typedef struct mi_tld_s mi_tld_t;
// Pages of a certain block size are held in a queue.
typedef struct mi_page_queue_s {
mi_page_t* first;
mi_page_t* last;
size_t block_size;
} mi_page_queue_t;
#define MI_BIN_FULL (MI_BIN_HUGE+1)
// Random context
typedef struct mi_random_cxt_s {
uint32_t input[16];
uint32_t output[16];
int output_available;
} mi_random_ctx_t;
// In debug mode there is a padding structure at the end of the blocks to check for buffer overflows
#if (MI_PADDING)
typedef struct mi_padding_s {
uint32_t canary; // encoded block value to check validity of the padding (in case of overflow)
uint32_t delta; // padding bytes before the block. (mi_usable_size(p) - delta == exact allocated bytes)
} mi_padding_t;
#define MI_PADDING_SIZE (sizeof(mi_padding_t))
#define MI_PADDING_WSIZE ((MI_PADDING_SIZE + MI_INTPTR_SIZE - 1) / MI_INTPTR_SIZE)
#else
#define MI_PADDING_SIZE 0
#define MI_PADDING_WSIZE 0
#endif
#define MI_PAGES_DIRECT (MI_SMALL_WSIZE_MAX + MI_PADDING_WSIZE + 1)
// A heap owns a set of pages.
struct mi_heap_s {
mi_tld_t* tld;
mi_page_t* pages_free_direct[MI_PAGES_DIRECT]; // optimize: array where every entry points a page with possibly free blocks in the corresponding queue for that size.
mi_page_queue_t pages[MI_BIN_FULL + 1]; // queue of pages for each size class (or "bin")
_Atomic(mi_block_t*) thread_delayed_free;
mi_threadid_t thread_id; // thread this heap belongs too
uintptr_t cookie; // random cookie to verify pointers (see `_mi_ptr_cookie`)
uintptr_t keys[2]; // two random keys used to encode the `thread_delayed_free` list
mi_random_ctx_t random; // random number context used for secure allocation
size_t page_count; // total number of pages in the `pages` queues.
size_t page_retired_min; // smallest retired index (retired pages are fully free, but still in the page queues)
size_t page_retired_max; // largest retired index into the `pages` array.
mi_heap_t* next; // list of heaps per thread
bool no_reclaim; // `true` if this heap should not reclaim abandoned pages
};
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Debug
// ------------------------------------------------------
#if !defined(MI_DEBUG_UNINIT)
#define MI_DEBUG_UNINIT (0xD0)
#endif
#if !defined(MI_DEBUG_FREED)
#define MI_DEBUG_FREED (0xDF)
#endif
#if !defined(MI_DEBUG_PADDING)
#define MI_DEBUG_PADDING (0xDE)
#endif
#if (MI_DEBUG)
// use our own assertion to print without memory allocation
void _mi_assert_fail(const char* assertion, const char* fname, unsigned int line, const char* func );
#define mi_assert(expr) ((expr) ? (void)0 : _mi_assert_fail(#expr,__FILE__,__LINE__,__func__))
#else
#define mi_assert(x)
#endif
#if (MI_DEBUG>1)
#define mi_assert_internal mi_assert
#else
#define mi_assert_internal(x)
#endif
#if (MI_DEBUG>2)
#define mi_assert_expensive mi_assert
#else
#define mi_assert_expensive(x)
#endif
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Statistics
// ------------------------------------------------------
#ifndef MI_STAT
#if (MI_DEBUG>0)
#define MI_STAT 2
#else
#define MI_STAT 0
#endif
#endif
typedef struct mi_stat_count_s {
int64_t allocated;
int64_t freed;
int64_t peak;
int64_t current;
} mi_stat_count_t;
typedef struct mi_stat_counter_s {
int64_t total;
int64_t count;
} mi_stat_counter_t;
typedef struct mi_stats_s {
mi_stat_count_t segments;
mi_stat_count_t pages;
mi_stat_count_t reserved;
mi_stat_count_t committed;
mi_stat_count_t reset;
mi_stat_count_t page_committed;
mi_stat_count_t segments_abandoned;
mi_stat_count_t pages_abandoned;
mi_stat_count_t threads;
mi_stat_count_t normal;
mi_stat_count_t huge;
mi_stat_count_t large;
mi_stat_count_t malloc;
mi_stat_count_t segments_cache;
mi_stat_counter_t pages_extended;
mi_stat_counter_t mmap_calls;
mi_stat_counter_t commit_calls;
mi_stat_counter_t page_no_retire;
mi_stat_counter_t searches;
mi_stat_counter_t normal_count;
mi_stat_counter_t huge_count;
mi_stat_counter_t large_count;
#if MI_STAT>1
mi_stat_count_t normal_bins[MI_BIN_HUGE+1];
#endif
} mi_stats_t;
void _mi_stat_increase(mi_stat_count_t* stat, size_t amount);
void _mi_stat_decrease(mi_stat_count_t* stat, size_t amount);
void _mi_stat_counter_increase(mi_stat_counter_t* stat, size_t amount);
#if (MI_STAT)
#define mi_stat_increase(stat,amount) _mi_stat_increase( &(stat), amount)
#define mi_stat_decrease(stat,amount) _mi_stat_decrease( &(stat), amount)
#define mi_stat_counter_increase(stat,amount) _mi_stat_counter_increase( &(stat), amount)
#else
#define mi_stat_increase(stat,amount) (void)0
#define mi_stat_decrease(stat,amount) (void)0
#define mi_stat_counter_increase(stat,amount) (void)0
#endif
#define mi_heap_stat_counter_increase(heap,stat,amount) mi_stat_counter_increase( (heap)->tld->stats.stat, amount)
#define mi_heap_stat_increase(heap,stat,amount) mi_stat_increase( (heap)->tld->stats.stat, amount)
#define mi_heap_stat_decrease(heap,stat,amount) mi_stat_decrease( (heap)->tld->stats.stat, amount)
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Thread Local data
// ------------------------------------------------------
// A "span" is is an available range of slices. The span queues keep
// track of slice spans of at most the given `slice_count` (but more than the previous size class).
typedef struct mi_span_queue_s {
mi_slice_t* first;
mi_slice_t* last;
size_t slice_count;
} mi_span_queue_t;
#define MI_SEGMENT_BIN_MAX (35) // 35 == mi_segment_bin(MI_SLICES_PER_SEGMENT)
// OS thread local data
typedef struct mi_os_tld_s {
size_t region_idx; // start point for next allocation
mi_stats_t* stats; // points to tld stats
} mi_os_tld_t;
// Segments thread local data
typedef struct mi_segments_tld_s {
mi_span_queue_t spans[MI_SEGMENT_BIN_MAX+1]; // free slice spans inside segments
size_t count; // current number of segments;
size_t peak_count; // peak number of segments
size_t current_size; // current size of all segments
size_t peak_size; // peak size of all segments
mi_stats_t* stats; // points to tld stats
mi_os_tld_t* os; // points to os stats
} mi_segments_tld_t;
// Thread local data
struct mi_tld_s {
unsigned long long heartbeat; // monotonic heartbeat count
bool recurse; // true if deferred was called; used to prevent infinite recursion.
mi_heap_t* heap_backing; // backing heap of this thread (cannot be deleted)
mi_heap_t* heaps; // list of heaps in this thread (so we can abandon all when the thread terminates)
mi_segments_tld_t segments; // segment tld
mi_os_tld_t os; // os tld
mi_stats_t stats; // statistics
};
#endif

453
compat/mimalloc/mimalloc.h Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2018-2022, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#pragma once
#ifndef MIMALLOC_H
#define MIMALLOC_H
#define MI_MALLOC_VERSION 206 // major + 2 digits minor
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Compiler specific attributes
// ------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef __cplusplus
#if (__cplusplus >= 201103L) || (_MSC_VER > 1900) // C++11
#define mi_attr_noexcept noexcept
#else
#define mi_attr_noexcept throw()
#endif
#else
#define mi_attr_noexcept
#endif
#if defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201703)
#define mi_decl_nodiscard [[nodiscard]]
#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ >= 4)) || defined(__clang__) // includes clang, icc, and clang-cl
#define mi_decl_nodiscard __attribute__((warn_unused_result))
#elif (_MSC_VER >= 1700)
#define mi_decl_nodiscard _Check_return_
#else
#define mi_decl_nodiscard
#endif
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
#if !defined(MI_SHARED_LIB)
#define mi_decl_export
#elif defined(MI_SHARED_LIB_EXPORT)
#define mi_decl_export __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define mi_decl_export __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
#if defined(__MINGW32__)
#define mi_decl_restrict
#define mi_attr_malloc __attribute__((malloc))
#else
#if (_MSC_VER >= 1900) && !defined(__EDG__)
#define mi_decl_restrict __declspec(allocator) __declspec(restrict)
#else
#define mi_decl_restrict __declspec(restrict)
#endif
#define mi_attr_malloc
#endif
#define mi_cdecl __cdecl
#define mi_attr_alloc_size(s)
#define mi_attr_alloc_size2(s1,s2)
#define mi_attr_alloc_align(p)
#elif defined(__GNUC__) // includes clang and icc
#if defined(MI_SHARED_LIB) && defined(MI_SHARED_LIB_EXPORT)
#define mi_decl_export __attribute__((visibility("default")))
#else
#define mi_decl_export
#endif
#define mi_cdecl // leads to warnings... __attribute__((cdecl))
#define mi_decl_restrict
#define mi_attr_malloc __attribute__((malloc))
#if (defined(__clang_major__) && (__clang_major__ < 4)) || (__GNUC__ < 5)
#define mi_attr_alloc_size(s)
#define mi_attr_alloc_size2(s1,s2)
#define mi_attr_alloc_align(p)
#elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
#define mi_attr_alloc_size(s) __attribute__((alloc_size(s)))
#define mi_attr_alloc_size2(s1,s2) __attribute__((alloc_size(s1,s2)))
#define mi_attr_alloc_align(p)
#else
#define mi_attr_alloc_size(s) __attribute__((alloc_size(s)))
#define mi_attr_alloc_size2(s1,s2) __attribute__((alloc_size(s1,s2)))
#define mi_attr_alloc_align(p) __attribute__((alloc_align(p)))
#endif
#else
#define mi_cdecl
#define mi_decl_export
#define mi_decl_restrict
#define mi_attr_malloc
#define mi_attr_alloc_size(s)
#define mi_attr_alloc_size2(s1,s2)
#define mi_attr_alloc_align(p)
#endif
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Includes
// ------------------------------------------------------
#include <stddef.h> // size_t
#include <stdbool.h> // bool
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Standard malloc interface
// ------------------------------------------------------
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_malloc(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_calloc(size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size2(1,2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_realloc(void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(2);
mi_decl_export void* mi_expand(void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(2);
mi_decl_export void mi_free(void* p) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict char* mi_strdup(const char* s) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict char* mi_strndup(const char* s, size_t n) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict char* mi_realpath(const char* fname, char* resolved_name) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc;
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Extended functionality
// ------------------------------------------------------
#define MI_SMALL_WSIZE_MAX (128)
#define MI_SMALL_SIZE_MAX (MI_SMALL_WSIZE_MAX*sizeof(void*))
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_malloc_small(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_zalloc_small(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_zalloc(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_mallocn(size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size2(1,2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_reallocn(void* p, size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size2(2,3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_reallocf(void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export size_t mi_usable_size(const void* p) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export size_t mi_good_size(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept;
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Internals
// ------------------------------------------------------
typedef void (mi_cdecl mi_deferred_free_fun)(bool force, unsigned long long heartbeat, void* arg);
mi_decl_export void mi_register_deferred_free(mi_deferred_free_fun* deferred_free, void* arg) mi_attr_noexcept;
typedef void (mi_cdecl mi_output_fun)(const char* msg, void* arg);
mi_decl_export void mi_register_output(mi_output_fun* out, void* arg) mi_attr_noexcept;
typedef void (mi_cdecl mi_error_fun)(int err, void* arg);
mi_decl_export void mi_register_error(mi_error_fun* fun, void* arg);
mi_decl_export void mi_collect(bool force) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export int mi_version(void) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export void mi_stats_reset(void) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export void mi_stats_merge(void) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export void mi_stats_print(void* out) mi_attr_noexcept; // backward compatibility: `out` is ignored and should be NULL
mi_decl_export void mi_stats_print_out(mi_output_fun* out, void* arg) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export void mi_process_init(void) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export void mi_thread_init(void) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export void mi_thread_done(void) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export void mi_thread_stats_print_out(mi_output_fun* out, void* arg) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export void mi_process_info(size_t* elapsed_msecs, size_t* user_msecs, size_t* system_msecs,
size_t* current_rss, size_t* peak_rss,
size_t* current_commit, size_t* peak_commit, size_t* page_faults) mi_attr_noexcept;
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Aligned allocation
// Note that `alignment` always follows `size` for consistency with unaligned
// allocation, but unfortunately this differs from `posix_memalign` and `aligned_alloc`.
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define MI_ALIGNMENT_MAX (1024*1024UL) // maximum supported alignment is 1MiB
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_malloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1) mi_attr_alloc_align(2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_malloc_aligned_at(size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_zalloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1) mi_attr_alloc_align(2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_zalloc_aligned_at(size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_calloc_aligned(size_t count, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size2(1,2) mi_attr_alloc_align(3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_calloc_aligned_at(size_t count, size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size2(1,2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_realloc_aligned(void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(2) mi_attr_alloc_align(3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_realloc_aligned_at(void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(2);
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Heaps: first-class, but can only allocate from the same thread that created it.
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct mi_heap_s;
typedef struct mi_heap_s mi_heap_t;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_heap_t* mi_heap_new(void);
mi_decl_export void mi_heap_delete(mi_heap_t* heap);
mi_decl_export void mi_heap_destroy(mi_heap_t* heap);
mi_decl_export mi_heap_t* mi_heap_set_default(mi_heap_t* heap);
mi_decl_export mi_heap_t* mi_heap_get_default(void);
mi_decl_export mi_heap_t* mi_heap_get_backing(void);
mi_decl_export void mi_heap_collect(mi_heap_t* heap, bool force) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_malloc(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_zalloc(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_calloc(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size2(2, 3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_mallocn(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size2(2, 3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_malloc_small(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_heap_realloc(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_heap_reallocn(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size2(3,4);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_heap_reallocf(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict char* mi_heap_strdup(mi_heap_t* heap, const char* s) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict char* mi_heap_strndup(mi_heap_t* heap, const char* s, size_t n) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict char* mi_heap_realpath(mi_heap_t* heap, const char* fname, char* resolved_name) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_malloc_aligned(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(2) mi_attr_alloc_align(3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_malloc_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_zalloc_aligned(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(2) mi_attr_alloc_align(3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_zalloc_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_calloc_aligned(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t count, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size2(2, 3) mi_attr_alloc_align(4);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_heap_calloc_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t count, size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size2(2, 3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_heap_realloc_aligned(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(3) mi_attr_alloc_align(4);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_heap_realloc_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(3);
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Zero initialized re-allocation.
// Only valid on memory that was originally allocated with zero initialization too.
// e.g. `mi_calloc`, `mi_zalloc`, `mi_zalloc_aligned` etc.
// see <https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc/issues/63#issuecomment-508272992>
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_rezalloc(void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_recalloc(void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size2(2,3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_rezalloc_aligned(void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(2) mi_attr_alloc_align(3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_rezalloc_aligned_at(void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_recalloc_aligned(void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size2(2,3) mi_attr_alloc_align(4);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_recalloc_aligned_at(void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size2(2,3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_heap_rezalloc(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_heap_recalloc(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size2(3,4);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_heap_rezalloc_aligned(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(3) mi_attr_alloc_align(4);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_heap_rezalloc_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size(3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_heap_recalloc_aligned(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size2(3,4) mi_attr_alloc_align(5);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_heap_recalloc_aligned_at(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size2(3,4);
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Analysis
// ------------------------------------------------------
mi_decl_export bool mi_heap_contains_block(mi_heap_t* heap, const void* p);
mi_decl_export bool mi_heap_check_owned(mi_heap_t* heap, const void* p);
mi_decl_export bool mi_check_owned(const void* p);
// An area of heap space contains blocks of a single size.
typedef struct mi_heap_area_s {
void* blocks; // start of the area containing heap blocks
size_t reserved; // bytes reserved for this area (virtual)
size_t committed; // current available bytes for this area
size_t used; // number of allocated blocks
size_t block_size; // size in bytes of each block
size_t full_block_size; // size in bytes of a full block including padding and metadata.
} mi_heap_area_t;
typedef bool (mi_cdecl mi_block_visit_fun)(const mi_heap_t* heap, const mi_heap_area_t* area, void* block, size_t block_size, void* arg);
mi_decl_export bool mi_heap_visit_blocks(const mi_heap_t* heap, bool visit_all_blocks, mi_block_visit_fun* visitor, void* arg);
// Experimental
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export bool mi_is_in_heap_region(const void* p) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export bool mi_is_redirected(void) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export int mi_reserve_huge_os_pages_interleave(size_t pages, size_t numa_nodes, size_t timeout_msecs) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export int mi_reserve_huge_os_pages_at(size_t pages, int numa_node, size_t timeout_msecs) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export int mi_reserve_os_memory(size_t size, bool commit, bool allow_large) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export bool mi_manage_os_memory(void* start, size_t size, bool is_committed, bool is_large, bool is_zero, int numa_node) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export void mi_debug_show_arenas(void) mi_attr_noexcept;
// deprecated
mi_decl_export int mi_reserve_huge_os_pages(size_t pages, double max_secs, size_t* pages_reserved) mi_attr_noexcept;
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Convenience
// ------------------------------------------------------
#define mi_malloc_tp(tp) ((tp*)mi_malloc(sizeof(tp)))
#define mi_zalloc_tp(tp) ((tp*)mi_zalloc(sizeof(tp)))
#define mi_calloc_tp(tp,n) ((tp*)mi_calloc(n,sizeof(tp)))
#define mi_mallocn_tp(tp,n) ((tp*)mi_mallocn(n,sizeof(tp)))
#define mi_reallocn_tp(p,tp,n) ((tp*)mi_reallocn(p,n,sizeof(tp)))
#define mi_recalloc_tp(p,tp,n) ((tp*)mi_recalloc(p,n,sizeof(tp)))
#define mi_heap_malloc_tp(hp,tp) ((tp*)mi_heap_malloc(hp,sizeof(tp)))
#define mi_heap_zalloc_tp(hp,tp) ((tp*)mi_heap_zalloc(hp,sizeof(tp)))
#define mi_heap_calloc_tp(hp,tp,n) ((tp*)mi_heap_calloc(hp,n,sizeof(tp)))
#define mi_heap_mallocn_tp(hp,tp,n) ((tp*)mi_heap_mallocn(hp,n,sizeof(tp)))
#define mi_heap_reallocn_tp(hp,p,tp,n) ((tp*)mi_heap_reallocn(hp,p,n,sizeof(tp)))
#define mi_heap_recalloc_tp(hp,p,tp,n) ((tp*)mi_heap_recalloc(hp,p,n,sizeof(tp)))
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Options
// ------------------------------------------------------
typedef enum mi_option_e {
// stable options
mi_option_show_errors,
mi_option_show_stats,
mi_option_verbose,
// some of the following options are experimental
// (deprecated options are kept for binary backward compatibility with v1.x versions)
mi_option_eager_commit,
mi_option_deprecated_eager_region_commit,
mi_option_deprecated_reset_decommits,
mi_option_large_os_pages, // use large (2MiB) OS pages, implies eager commit
mi_option_reserve_huge_os_pages, // reserve N huge OS pages (1GiB) at startup
mi_option_reserve_huge_os_pages_at, // reserve huge OS pages at a specific NUMA node
mi_option_reserve_os_memory, // reserve specified amount of OS memory at startup
mi_option_deprecated_segment_cache,
mi_option_page_reset,
mi_option_abandoned_page_decommit,
mi_option_deprecated_segment_reset,
mi_option_eager_commit_delay,
mi_option_decommit_delay,
mi_option_use_numa_nodes, // 0 = use available numa nodes, otherwise use at most N nodes.
mi_option_limit_os_alloc, // 1 = do not use OS memory for allocation (but only reserved arenas)
mi_option_os_tag,
mi_option_max_errors,
mi_option_max_warnings,
mi_option_max_segment_reclaim,
mi_option_allow_decommit,
mi_option_segment_decommit_delay,
mi_option_decommit_extend_delay,
_mi_option_last
} mi_option_t;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export bool mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_t option);
mi_decl_export void mi_option_enable(mi_option_t option);
mi_decl_export void mi_option_disable(mi_option_t option);
mi_decl_export void mi_option_set_enabled(mi_option_t option, bool enable);
mi_decl_export void mi_option_set_enabled_default(mi_option_t option, bool enable);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export long mi_option_get(mi_option_t option);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export long mi_option_get_clamp(mi_option_t option, long min, long max);
mi_decl_export void mi_option_set(mi_option_t option, long value);
mi_decl_export void mi_option_set_default(mi_option_t option, long value);
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// "mi" prefixed implementations of various posix, Unix, Windows, and C++ allocation functions.
// (This can be convenient when providing overrides of these functions as done in `mimalloc-override.h`.)
// note: we use `mi_cfree` as "checked free" and it checks if the pointer is in our heap before free-ing.
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mi_decl_export void mi_cfree(void* p) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export void* mi__expand(void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export size_t mi_malloc_size(const void* p) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export size_t mi_malloc_good_size(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export size_t mi_malloc_usable_size(const void *p) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export int mi_posix_memalign(void** p, size_t alignment, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_memalign(size_t alignment, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(2) mi_attr_alloc_align(1);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_valloc(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_pvalloc(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(2) mi_attr_alloc_align(1);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_reallocarray(void* p, size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_alloc_size2(2,3);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export int mi_reallocarr(void* p, size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_aligned_recalloc(void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_aligned_offset_recalloc(void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t offset) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict unsigned short* mi_wcsdup(const unsigned short* s) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc;
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict unsigned char* mi_mbsdup(const unsigned char* s) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc;
mi_decl_export int mi_dupenv_s(char** buf, size_t* size, const char* name) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export int mi_wdupenv_s(unsigned short** buf, size_t* size, const unsigned short* name) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export void mi_free_size(void* p, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export void mi_free_size_aligned(void* p, size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_decl_export void mi_free_aligned(void* p, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept;
// The `mi_new` wrappers implement C++ semantics on out-of-memory instead of directly returning `NULL`.
// (and call `std::get_new_handler` and potentially raise a `std::bad_alloc` exception).
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_new(size_t size) mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_new_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1) mi_attr_alloc_align(2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_new_nothrow(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_new_aligned_nothrow(size_t size, size_t alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size(1) mi_attr_alloc_align(2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export mi_decl_restrict void* mi_new_n(size_t count, size_t size) mi_attr_malloc mi_attr_alloc_size2(1, 2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_new_realloc(void* p, size_t newsize) mi_attr_alloc_size(2);
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export void* mi_new_reallocn(void* p, size_t newcount, size_t size) mi_attr_alloc_size2(2, 3);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Implement the C++ std::allocator interface for use in STL containers.
// (note: see `mimalloc-new-delete.h` for overriding the new/delete operators globally)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef __cplusplus
#include <cstddef> // std::size_t
#include <cstdint> // PTRDIFF_MAX
#if (__cplusplus >= 201103L) || (_MSC_VER > 1900) // C++11
#include <type_traits> // std::true_type
#include <utility> // std::forward
#endif
template<class T> struct mi_stl_allocator {
typedef T value_type;
typedef std::size_t size_type;
typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
typedef value_type& reference;
typedef value_type const& const_reference;
typedef value_type* pointer;
typedef value_type const* const_pointer;
template <class U> struct rebind { typedef mi_stl_allocator<U> other; };
mi_stl_allocator() mi_attr_noexcept = default;
mi_stl_allocator(const mi_stl_allocator&) mi_attr_noexcept = default;
template<class U> mi_stl_allocator(const mi_stl_allocator<U>&) mi_attr_noexcept { }
mi_stl_allocator select_on_container_copy_construction() const { return *this; }
void deallocate(T* p, size_type) { mi_free(p); }
#if (__cplusplus >= 201703L) // C++17
mi_decl_nodiscard T* allocate(size_type count) { return static_cast<T*>(mi_new_n(count, sizeof(T))); }
mi_decl_nodiscard T* allocate(size_type count, const void*) { return allocate(count); }
#else
mi_decl_nodiscard pointer allocate(size_type count, const void* = 0) { return static_cast<pointer>(mi_new_n(count, sizeof(value_type))); }
#endif
#if ((__cplusplus >= 201103L) || (_MSC_VER > 1900)) // C++11
using propagate_on_container_copy_assignment = std::true_type;
using propagate_on_container_move_assignment = std::true_type;
using propagate_on_container_swap = std::true_type;
using is_always_equal = std::true_type;
template <class U, class ...Args> void construct(U* p, Args&& ...args) { ::new(p) U(std::forward<Args>(args)...); }
template <class U> void destroy(U* p) mi_attr_noexcept { p->~U(); }
#else
void construct(pointer p, value_type const& val) { ::new(p) value_type(val); }
void destroy(pointer p) { p->~value_type(); }
#endif
size_type max_size() const mi_attr_noexcept { return (PTRDIFF_MAX/sizeof(value_type)); }
pointer address(reference x) const { return &x; }
const_pointer address(const_reference x) const { return &x; }
};
template<class T1,class T2> bool operator==(const mi_stl_allocator<T1>& , const mi_stl_allocator<T2>& ) mi_attr_noexcept { return true; }
template<class T1,class T2> bool operator!=(const mi_stl_allocator<T1>& , const mi_stl_allocator<T2>& ) mi_attr_noexcept { return false; }
#endif // __cplusplus
#endif

627
compat/mimalloc/options.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2018-2021, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "mimalloc.h"
#include "mimalloc-internal.h"
#include "mimalloc-atomic.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // strtol
#include <string.h> // strncpy, strncat, strlen, strstr
#include <ctype.h> // toupper
#include <stdarg.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(disable:4996) // strncpy, strncat
#endif
static long mi_max_error_count = 16; // stop outputting errors after this (use < 0 for no limit)
static long mi_max_warning_count = 16; // stop outputting warnings after this (use < 0 for no limit)
static void mi_add_stderr_output(void);
int mi_version(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
return MI_MALLOC_VERSION;
}
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <conio.h>
#endif
// --------------------------------------------------------
// Options
// These can be accessed by multiple threads and may be
// concurrently initialized, but an initializing data race
// is ok since they resolve to the same value.
// --------------------------------------------------------
typedef enum mi_init_e {
UNINIT, // not yet initialized
DEFAULTED, // not found in the environment, use default value
INITIALIZED // found in environment or set explicitly
} mi_init_t;
typedef struct mi_option_desc_s {
long value; // the value
mi_init_t init; // is it initialized yet? (from the environment)
mi_option_t option; // for debugging: the option index should match the option
const char* name; // option name without `mimalloc_` prefix
const char* legacy_name; // potential legacy v1.x option name
} mi_option_desc_t;
#define MI_OPTION(opt) mi_option_##opt, #opt, NULL
#define MI_OPTION_LEGACY(opt,legacy) mi_option_##opt, #opt, #legacy
static mi_option_desc_t options[_mi_option_last] =
{
// stable options
#if MI_DEBUG || defined(MI_SHOW_ERRORS)
{ 1, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(show_errors) },
#else
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(show_errors) },
#endif
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(show_stats) },
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(verbose) },
// Some of the following options are experimental and not all combinations are valid. Use with care.
{ 1, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(eager_commit) }, // commit per segment directly (8MiB) (but see also `eager_commit_delay`)
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(deprecated_eager_region_commit) },
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(deprecated_reset_decommits) },
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(large_os_pages) }, // use large OS pages, use only with eager commit to prevent fragmentation of VMA's
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(reserve_huge_os_pages) }, // per 1GiB huge pages
{ -1, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(reserve_huge_os_pages_at) }, // reserve huge pages at node N
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(reserve_os_memory) },
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(deprecated_segment_cache) }, // cache N segments per thread
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(page_reset) }, // reset page memory on free
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION_LEGACY(abandoned_page_decommit, abandoned_page_reset) },// decommit free page memory when a thread terminates
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(deprecated_segment_reset) },
#if defined(__NetBSD__)
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(eager_commit_delay) }, // the first N segments per thread are not eagerly committed
#elif defined(_WIN32)
{ 4, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(eager_commit_delay) }, // the first N segments per thread are not eagerly committed (but per page in the segment on demand)
#else
{ 1, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(eager_commit_delay) }, // the first N segments per thread are not eagerly committed (but per page in the segment on demand)
#endif
{ 25, UNINIT, MI_OPTION_LEGACY(decommit_delay, reset_delay) }, // page decommit delay in milli-seconds
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(use_numa_nodes) }, // 0 = use available numa nodes, otherwise use at most N nodes.
{ 0, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(limit_os_alloc) }, // 1 = do not use OS memory for allocation (but only reserved arenas)
{ 100, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(os_tag) }, // only apple specific for now but might serve more or less related purpose
{ 16, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(max_errors) }, // maximum errors that are output
{ 16, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(max_warnings) }, // maximum warnings that are output
{ 8, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(max_segment_reclaim)},// max. number of segment reclaims from the abandoned segments per try.
{ 1, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(allow_decommit) }, // decommit slices when no longer used (after decommit_delay milli-seconds)
{ 500, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(segment_decommit_delay) }, // decommit delay in milli-seconds for freed segments
{ 2, UNINIT, MI_OPTION(decommit_extend_delay) }
};
static void mi_option_init(mi_option_desc_t* desc);
void _mi_options_init(void) {
// called on process load; should not be called before the CRT is initialized!
// (e.g. do not call this from process_init as that may run before CRT initialization)
mi_add_stderr_output(); // now it safe to use stderr for output
for(int i = 0; i < _mi_option_last; i++ ) {
mi_option_t option = (mi_option_t)i;
long l = mi_option_get(option); MI_UNUSED(l); // initialize
if (option != mi_option_verbose) {
mi_option_desc_t* desc = &options[option];
_mi_verbose_message("option '%s': %ld\n", desc->name, desc->value);
}
}
mi_max_error_count = mi_option_get(mi_option_max_errors);
mi_max_warning_count = mi_option_get(mi_option_max_warnings);
}
mi_decl_nodiscard long mi_option_get(mi_option_t option) {
mi_assert(option >= 0 && option < _mi_option_last);
if (option < 0 || option >= _mi_option_last) return 0;
mi_option_desc_t* desc = &options[option];
mi_assert(desc->option == option); // index should match the option
if (mi_unlikely(desc->init == UNINIT)) {
mi_option_init(desc);
}
return desc->value;
}
mi_decl_nodiscard long mi_option_get_clamp(mi_option_t option, long min, long max) {
long x = mi_option_get(option);
return (x < min ? min : (x > max ? max : x));
}
void mi_option_set(mi_option_t option, long value) {
mi_assert(option >= 0 && option < _mi_option_last);
if (option < 0 || option >= _mi_option_last) return;
mi_option_desc_t* desc = &options[option];
mi_assert(desc->option == option); // index should match the option
desc->value = value;
desc->init = INITIALIZED;
}
void mi_option_set_default(mi_option_t option, long value) {
mi_assert(option >= 0 && option < _mi_option_last);
if (option < 0 || option >= _mi_option_last) return;
mi_option_desc_t* desc = &options[option];
if (desc->init != INITIALIZED) {
desc->value = value;
}
}
mi_decl_nodiscard bool mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_t option) {
return (mi_option_get(option) != 0);
}
void mi_option_set_enabled(mi_option_t option, bool enable) {
mi_option_set(option, (enable ? 1 : 0));
}
void mi_option_set_enabled_default(mi_option_t option, bool enable) {
mi_option_set_default(option, (enable ? 1 : 0));
}
void mi_option_enable(mi_option_t option) {
mi_option_set_enabled(option,true);
}
void mi_option_disable(mi_option_t option) {
mi_option_set_enabled(option,false);
}
static void mi_out_stderr(const char* msg, void* arg) {
MI_UNUSED(arg);
if (msg == NULL) return;
#ifdef _WIN32
// on windows with redirection, the C runtime cannot handle locale dependent output
// after the main thread closes so we use direct console output.
if (!_mi_preloading()) {
// _cputs(msg); // _cputs cannot be used at is aborts if it fails to lock the console
static HANDLE hcon = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
if (hcon == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
hcon = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
}
const size_t len = strlen(msg);
if (hcon != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && len > 0 && len < UINT32_MAX) {
DWORD written = 0;
WriteConsoleA(hcon, msg, (DWORD)len, &written, NULL);
}
}
#else
fputs(msg, stderr);
#endif
}
// Since an output function can be registered earliest in the `main`
// function we also buffer output that happens earlier. When
// an output function is registered it is called immediately with
// the output up to that point.
#ifndef MI_MAX_DELAY_OUTPUT
#define MI_MAX_DELAY_OUTPUT ((size_t)(32*1024))
#endif
static char out_buf[MI_MAX_DELAY_OUTPUT+1];
static _Atomic(size_t) out_len;
static void mi_out_buf(const char* msg, void* arg) {
MI_UNUSED(arg);
if (msg==NULL) return;
if (mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&out_len)>=MI_MAX_DELAY_OUTPUT) return;
size_t n = strlen(msg);
if (n==0) return;
// claim space
size_t start = mi_atomic_add_acq_rel(&out_len, n);
if (start >= MI_MAX_DELAY_OUTPUT) return;
// check bound
if (start+n >= MI_MAX_DELAY_OUTPUT) {
n = MI_MAX_DELAY_OUTPUT-start-1;
}
_mi_memcpy(&out_buf[start], msg, n);
}
static void mi_out_buf_flush(mi_output_fun* out, bool no_more_buf, void* arg) {
if (out==NULL) return;
// claim (if `no_more_buf == true`, no more output will be added after this point)
size_t count = mi_atomic_add_acq_rel(&out_len, (no_more_buf ? MI_MAX_DELAY_OUTPUT : 1));
// and output the current contents
if (count>MI_MAX_DELAY_OUTPUT) count = MI_MAX_DELAY_OUTPUT;
out_buf[count] = 0;
out(out_buf,arg);
if (!no_more_buf) {
out_buf[count] = '\n'; // if continue with the buffer, insert a newline
}
}
// Once this module is loaded, switch to this routine
// which outputs to stderr and the delayed output buffer.
static void mi_out_buf_stderr(const char* msg, void* arg) {
mi_out_stderr(msg,arg);
mi_out_buf(msg,arg);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------
// Default output handler
// --------------------------------------------------------
// Should be atomic but gives errors on many platforms as generally we cannot cast a function pointer to a uintptr_t.
// For now, don't register output from multiple threads.
static mi_output_fun* volatile mi_out_default; // = NULL
static _Atomic(void*) mi_out_arg; // = NULL
static mi_output_fun* mi_out_get_default(void** parg) {
if (parg != NULL) { *parg = mi_atomic_load_ptr_acquire(void,&mi_out_arg); }
mi_output_fun* out = mi_out_default;
return (out == NULL ? &mi_out_buf : out);
}
void mi_register_output(mi_output_fun* out, void* arg) mi_attr_noexcept {
mi_out_default = (out == NULL ? &mi_out_stderr : out); // stop using the delayed output buffer
mi_atomic_store_ptr_release(void,&mi_out_arg, arg);
if (out!=NULL) mi_out_buf_flush(out,true,arg); // output all the delayed output now
}
// add stderr to the delayed output after the module is loaded
static void mi_add_stderr_output() {
mi_assert_internal(mi_out_default == NULL);
mi_out_buf_flush(&mi_out_stderr, false, NULL); // flush current contents to stderr
mi_out_default = &mi_out_buf_stderr; // and add stderr to the delayed output
}
// --------------------------------------------------------
// Messages, all end up calling `_mi_fputs`.
// --------------------------------------------------------
static _Atomic(size_t) error_count; // = 0; // when >= max_error_count stop emitting errors
static _Atomic(size_t) warning_count; // = 0; // when >= max_warning_count stop emitting warnings
// When overriding malloc, we may recurse into mi_vfprintf if an allocation
// inside the C runtime causes another message.
// In some cases (like on macOS) the loader already allocates which
// calls into mimalloc; if we then access thread locals (like `recurse`)
// this may crash as the access may call _tlv_bootstrap that tries to
// (recursively) invoke malloc again to allocate space for the thread local
// variables on demand. This is why we use a _mi_preloading test on such
// platforms. However, C code generator may move the initial thread local address
// load before the `if` and we therefore split it out in a separate funcion.
static mi_decl_thread bool recurse = false;
static mi_decl_noinline bool mi_recurse_enter_prim(void) {
if (recurse) return false;
recurse = true;
return true;
}
static mi_decl_noinline void mi_recurse_exit_prim(void) {
recurse = false;
}
static bool mi_recurse_enter(void) {
#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(MI_TLS_RECURSE_GUARD)
if (_mi_preloading()) return true;
#endif
return mi_recurse_enter_prim();
}
static void mi_recurse_exit(void) {
#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(MI_TLS_RECURSE_GUARD)
if (_mi_preloading()) return;
#endif
mi_recurse_exit_prim();
}
void _mi_fputs(mi_output_fun* out, void* arg, const char* prefix, const char* message) {
if (out==NULL || (FILE*)out==stdout || (FILE*)out==stderr) { // TODO: use mi_out_stderr for stderr?
if (!mi_recurse_enter()) return;
out = mi_out_get_default(&arg);
if (prefix != NULL) out(prefix, arg);
out(message, arg);
mi_recurse_exit();
}
else {
if (prefix != NULL) out(prefix, arg);
out(message, arg);
}
}
// Define our own limited `fprintf` that avoids memory allocation.
// We do this using `snprintf` with a limited buffer.
static void mi_vfprintf( mi_output_fun* out, void* arg, const char* prefix, const char* fmt, va_list args ) {
char buf[512];
if (fmt==NULL) return;
if (!mi_recurse_enter()) return;
vsnprintf(buf,sizeof(buf)-1,fmt,args);
mi_recurse_exit();
_mi_fputs(out,arg,prefix,buf);
}
void _mi_fprintf( mi_output_fun* out, void* arg, const char* fmt, ... ) {
va_list args;
va_start(args,fmt);
mi_vfprintf(out,arg,NULL,fmt,args);
va_end(args);
}
static void mi_vfprintf_thread(mi_output_fun* out, void* arg, const char* prefix, const char* fmt, va_list args) {
if (prefix != NULL && strlen(prefix) <= 32 && !_mi_is_main_thread()) {
char tprefix[64];
snprintf(tprefix, sizeof(tprefix), "%sthread 0x%zx: ", prefix, _mi_thread_id());
mi_vfprintf(out, arg, tprefix, fmt, args);
}
else {
mi_vfprintf(out, arg, prefix, fmt, args);
}
}
void _mi_trace_message(const char* fmt, ...) {
if (mi_option_get(mi_option_verbose) <= 1) return; // only with verbose level 2 or higher
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
mi_vfprintf_thread(NULL, NULL, "mimalloc: ", fmt, args);
va_end(args);
}
void _mi_verbose_message(const char* fmt, ...) {
if (!mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_verbose)) return;
va_list args;
va_start(args,fmt);
mi_vfprintf(NULL, NULL, "mimalloc: ", fmt, args);
va_end(args);
}
static void mi_show_error_message(const char* fmt, va_list args) {
if (!mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_verbose)) {
if (!mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_show_errors)) return;
if (mi_max_error_count >= 0 && (long)mi_atomic_increment_acq_rel(&error_count) > mi_max_error_count) return;
}
mi_vfprintf_thread(NULL, NULL, "mimalloc: error: ", fmt, args);
}
void _mi_warning_message(const char* fmt, ...) {
if (!mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_verbose)) {
if (!mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_show_errors)) return;
if (mi_max_warning_count >= 0 && (long)mi_atomic_increment_acq_rel(&warning_count) > mi_max_warning_count) return;
}
va_list args;
va_start(args,fmt);
mi_vfprintf_thread(NULL, NULL, "mimalloc: warning: ", fmt, args);
va_end(args);
}
#if MI_DEBUG
void _mi_assert_fail(const char* assertion, const char* fname, unsigned line, const char* func ) {
_mi_fprintf(NULL, NULL, "mimalloc: assertion failed: at \"%s\":%u, %s\n assertion: \"%s\"\n", fname, line, (func==NULL?"":func), assertion);
abort();
}
#endif
// --------------------------------------------------------
// Errors
// --------------------------------------------------------
static mi_error_fun* volatile mi_error_handler; // = NULL
static _Atomic(void*) mi_error_arg; // = NULL
static void mi_error_default(int err) {
MI_UNUSED(err);
#if (MI_DEBUG>0)
if (err==EFAULT) {
#ifdef _MSC_VER
__debugbreak();
#endif
abort();
}
#endif
#if (MI_SECURE>0)
if (err==EFAULT) { // abort on serious errors in secure mode (corrupted meta-data)
abort();
}
#endif
#if defined(MI_XMALLOC)
if (err==ENOMEM || err==EOVERFLOW) { // abort on memory allocation fails in xmalloc mode
abort();
}
#endif
}
void mi_register_error(mi_error_fun* fun, void* arg) {
mi_error_handler = fun; // can be NULL
mi_atomic_store_ptr_release(void,&mi_error_arg, arg);
}
void _mi_error_message(int err, const char* fmt, ...) {
// show detailed error message
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
mi_show_error_message(fmt, args);
va_end(args);
// and call the error handler which may abort (or return normally)
if (mi_error_handler != NULL) {
mi_error_handler(err, mi_atomic_load_ptr_acquire(void,&mi_error_arg));
}
else {
mi_error_default(err);
}
}
// --------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize options by checking the environment
// --------------------------------------------------------
static void mi_strlcpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t dest_size) {
if (dest==NULL || src==NULL || dest_size == 0) return;
// copy until end of src, or when dest is (almost) full
while (*src != 0 && dest_size > 1) {
*dest++ = *src++;
dest_size--;
}
// always zero terminate
*dest = 0;
}
static void mi_strlcat(char* dest, const char* src, size_t dest_size) {
if (dest==NULL || src==NULL || dest_size == 0) return;
// find end of string in the dest buffer
while (*dest != 0 && dest_size > 1) {
dest++;
dest_size--;
}
// and catenate
mi_strlcpy(dest, src, dest_size);
}
#ifdef MI_NO_GETENV
static bool mi_getenv(const char* name, char* result, size_t result_size) {
MI_UNUSED(name);
MI_UNUSED(result);
MI_UNUSED(result_size);
return false;
}
#else
static inline int mi_strnicmp(const char* s, const char* t, size_t n) {
if (n==0) return 0;
for (; *s != 0 && *t != 0 && n > 0; s++, t++, n--) {
if (toupper(*s) != toupper(*t)) break;
}
return (n==0 ? 0 : *s - *t);
}
#if defined _WIN32
// On Windows use GetEnvironmentVariable instead of getenv to work
// reliably even when this is invoked before the C runtime is initialized.
// i.e. when `_mi_preloading() == true`.
// Note: on windows, environment names are not case sensitive.
#include <windows.h>
static bool mi_getenv(const char* name, char* result, size_t result_size) {
result[0] = 0;
size_t len = GetEnvironmentVariableA(name, result, (DWORD)result_size);
return (len > 0 && len < result_size);
}
#elif !defined(MI_USE_ENVIRON) || (MI_USE_ENVIRON!=0)
// On Posix systemsr use `environ` to acces environment variables
// even before the C runtime is initialized.
#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__has_include) && __has_include(<crt_externs.h>)
#include <crt_externs.h>
static char** mi_get_environ(void) {
return (*_NSGetEnviron());
}
#else
extern char** environ;
static char** mi_get_environ(void) {
return environ;
}
#endif
static bool mi_getenv(const char* name, char* result, size_t result_size) {
if (name==NULL) return false;
const size_t len = strlen(name);
if (len == 0) return false;
char** env = mi_get_environ();
if (env == NULL) return false;
// compare up to 256 entries
for (int i = 0; i < 256 && env[i] != NULL; i++) {
const char* s = env[i];
if (mi_strnicmp(name, s, len) == 0 && s[len] == '=') { // case insensitive
// found it
mi_strlcpy(result, s + len + 1, result_size);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
#else
// fallback: use standard C `getenv` but this cannot be used while initializing the C runtime
static bool mi_getenv(const char* name, char* result, size_t result_size) {
// cannot call getenv() when still initializing the C runtime.
if (_mi_preloading()) return false;
const char* s = getenv(name);
if (s == NULL) {
// we check the upper case name too.
char buf[64+1];
size_t len = strlen(name);
if (len >= sizeof(buf)) len = sizeof(buf) - 1;
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
buf[i] = toupper(name[i]);
}
buf[len] = 0;
s = getenv(buf);
}
if (s != NULL && strlen(s) < result_size) {
mi_strlcpy(result, s, result_size);
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
#endif // !MI_USE_ENVIRON
#endif // !MI_NO_GETENV
static void mi_option_init(mi_option_desc_t* desc) {
// Read option value from the environment
char s[64+1];
char buf[64+1];
mi_strlcpy(buf, "mimalloc_", sizeof(buf));
mi_strlcat(buf, desc->name, sizeof(buf));
bool found = mi_getenv(buf,s,sizeof(s));
if (!found && desc->legacy_name != NULL) {
mi_strlcpy(buf, "mimalloc_", sizeof(buf));
mi_strlcat(buf, desc->legacy_name, sizeof(buf));
found = mi_getenv(buf,s,sizeof(s));
if (found) {
_mi_warning_message("environment option \"mimalloc_%s\" is deprecated -- use \"mimalloc_%s\" instead.\n", desc->legacy_name, desc->name );
}
}
if (found) {
size_t len = strlen(s);
if (len >= sizeof(buf)) len = sizeof(buf) - 1;
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
buf[i] = (char)toupper(s[i]);
}
buf[len] = 0;
if (buf[0]==0 || strstr("1;TRUE;YES;ON", buf) != NULL) {
desc->value = 1;
desc->init = INITIALIZED;
}
else if (strstr("0;FALSE;NO;OFF", buf) != NULL) {
desc->value = 0;
desc->init = INITIALIZED;
}
else {
char* end = buf;
long value = strtol(buf, &end, 10);
if (desc->option == mi_option_reserve_os_memory) {
// this option is interpreted in KiB to prevent overflow of `long`
if (*end == 'K') { end++; }
else if (*end == 'M') { value *= MI_KiB; end++; }
else if (*end == 'G') { value *= MI_MiB; end++; }
else { value = (value + MI_KiB - 1) / MI_KiB; }
if (end[0] == 'I' && end[1] == 'B') { end += 2; }
else if (*end == 'B') { end++; }
}
if (*end == 0) {
desc->value = value;
desc->init = INITIALIZED;
}
else {
// set `init` first to avoid recursion through _mi_warning_message on mimalloc_verbose.
desc->init = DEFAULTED;
if (desc->option == mi_option_verbose && desc->value == 0) {
// if the 'mimalloc_verbose' env var has a bogus value we'd never know
// (since the value defaults to 'off') so in that case briefly enable verbose
desc->value = 1;
_mi_warning_message("environment option mimalloc_%s has an invalid value.\n", desc->name );
desc->value = 0;
}
else {
_mi_warning_message("environment option mimalloc_%s has an invalid value.\n", desc->name );
}
}
}
mi_assert_internal(desc->init != UNINIT);
}
else if (!_mi_preloading()) {
desc->init = DEFAULTED;
}
}

1443
compat/mimalloc/os.c Normal file
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331
compat/mimalloc/page-queue.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2018-2020, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Definition of page queues for each block size
----------------------------------------------------------- */
#ifndef MI_IN_PAGE_C
#error "this file should be included from 'page.c'"
#endif
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Minimal alignment in machine words (i.e. `sizeof(void*)`)
----------------------------------------------------------- */
#if (MI_MAX_ALIGN_SIZE > 4*MI_INTPTR_SIZE)
#error "define alignment for more than 4x word size for this platform"
#elif (MI_MAX_ALIGN_SIZE > 2*MI_INTPTR_SIZE)
#define MI_ALIGN4W // 4 machine words minimal alignment
#elif (MI_MAX_ALIGN_SIZE > MI_INTPTR_SIZE)
#define MI_ALIGN2W // 2 machine words minimal alignment
#else
// ok, default alignment is 1 word
#endif
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Queue query
----------------------------------------------------------- */
static inline bool mi_page_queue_is_huge(const mi_page_queue_t* pq) {
return (pq->block_size == (MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX+sizeof(uintptr_t)));
}
static inline bool mi_page_queue_is_full(const mi_page_queue_t* pq) {
return (pq->block_size == (MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX+(2*sizeof(uintptr_t))));
}
static inline bool mi_page_queue_is_special(const mi_page_queue_t* pq) {
return (pq->block_size > MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX);
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Bins
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// Return the bin for a given field size.
// Returns MI_BIN_HUGE if the size is too large.
// We use `wsize` for the size in "machine word sizes",
// i.e. byte size == `wsize*sizeof(void*)`.
static inline uint8_t mi_bin(size_t size) {
size_t wsize = _mi_wsize_from_size(size);
uint8_t bin;
if (wsize <= 1) {
bin = 1;
}
#if defined(MI_ALIGN4W)
else if (wsize <= 4) {
bin = (uint8_t)((wsize+1)&~1); // round to double word sizes
}
#elif defined(MI_ALIGN2W)
else if (wsize <= 8) {
bin = (uint8_t)((wsize+1)&~1); // round to double word sizes
}
#else
else if (wsize <= 8) {
bin = (uint8_t)wsize;
}
#endif
else if (wsize > MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_WSIZE_MAX) {
bin = MI_BIN_HUGE;
}
else {
#if defined(MI_ALIGN4W)
if (wsize <= 16) { wsize = (wsize+3)&~3; } // round to 4x word sizes
#endif
wsize--;
// find the highest bit
uint8_t b = (uint8_t)mi_bsr(wsize); // note: wsize != 0
// and use the top 3 bits to determine the bin (~12.5% worst internal fragmentation).
// - adjust with 3 because we use do not round the first 8 sizes
// which each get an exact bin
bin = ((b << 2) + (uint8_t)((wsize >> (b - 2)) & 0x03)) - 3;
mi_assert_internal(bin < MI_BIN_HUGE);
}
mi_assert_internal(bin > 0 && bin <= MI_BIN_HUGE);
return bin;
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Queue of pages with free blocks
----------------------------------------------------------- */
uint8_t _mi_bin(size_t size) {
return mi_bin(size);
}
size_t _mi_bin_size(uint8_t bin) {
return _mi_heap_empty.pages[bin].block_size;
}
// Good size for allocation
size_t mi_good_size(size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
if (size <= MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX) {
return _mi_bin_size(mi_bin(size));
}
else {
return _mi_align_up(size,_mi_os_page_size());
}
}
#if (MI_DEBUG>1)
static bool mi_page_queue_contains(mi_page_queue_t* queue, const mi_page_t* page) {
mi_assert_internal(page != NULL);
mi_page_t* list = queue->first;
while (list != NULL) {
mi_assert_internal(list->next == NULL || list->next->prev == list);
mi_assert_internal(list->prev == NULL || list->prev->next == list);
if (list == page) break;
list = list->next;
}
return (list == page);
}
#endif
#if (MI_DEBUG>1)
static bool mi_heap_contains_queue(const mi_heap_t* heap, const mi_page_queue_t* pq) {
return (pq >= &heap->pages[0] && pq <= &heap->pages[MI_BIN_FULL]);
}
#endif
static mi_page_queue_t* mi_page_queue_of(const mi_page_t* page) {
uint8_t bin = (mi_page_is_in_full(page) ? MI_BIN_FULL : mi_bin(page->xblock_size));
mi_heap_t* heap = mi_page_heap(page);
mi_assert_internal(heap != NULL && bin <= MI_BIN_FULL);
mi_page_queue_t* pq = &heap->pages[bin];
mi_assert_internal(bin >= MI_BIN_HUGE || page->xblock_size == pq->block_size);
mi_assert_expensive(mi_page_queue_contains(pq, page));
return pq;
}
static mi_page_queue_t* mi_heap_page_queue_of(mi_heap_t* heap, const mi_page_t* page) {
uint8_t bin = (mi_page_is_in_full(page) ? MI_BIN_FULL : mi_bin(page->xblock_size));
mi_assert_internal(bin <= MI_BIN_FULL);
mi_page_queue_t* pq = &heap->pages[bin];
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_is_in_full(page) || page->xblock_size == pq->block_size);
return pq;
}
// The current small page array is for efficiency and for each
// small size (up to 256) it points directly to the page for that
// size without having to compute the bin. This means when the
// current free page queue is updated for a small bin, we need to update a
// range of entries in `_mi_page_small_free`.
static inline void mi_heap_queue_first_update(mi_heap_t* heap, const mi_page_queue_t* pq) {
mi_assert_internal(mi_heap_contains_queue(heap,pq));
size_t size = pq->block_size;
if (size > MI_SMALL_SIZE_MAX) return;
mi_page_t* page = pq->first;
if (pq->first == NULL) page = (mi_page_t*)&_mi_page_empty;
// find index in the right direct page array
size_t start;
size_t idx = _mi_wsize_from_size(size);
mi_page_t** pages_free = heap->pages_free_direct;
if (pages_free[idx] == page) return; // already set
// find start slot
if (idx<=1) {
start = 0;
}
else {
// find previous size; due to minimal alignment upto 3 previous bins may need to be skipped
uint8_t bin = mi_bin(size);
const mi_page_queue_t* prev = pq - 1;
while( bin == mi_bin(prev->block_size) && prev > &heap->pages[0]) {
prev--;
}
start = 1 + _mi_wsize_from_size(prev->block_size);
if (start > idx) start = idx;
}
// set size range to the right page
mi_assert(start <= idx);
for (size_t sz = start; sz <= idx; sz++) {
pages_free[sz] = page;
}
}
/*
static bool mi_page_queue_is_empty(mi_page_queue_t* queue) {
return (queue->first == NULL);
}
*/
static void mi_page_queue_remove(mi_page_queue_t* queue, mi_page_t* page) {
mi_assert_internal(page != NULL);
mi_assert_expensive(mi_page_queue_contains(queue, page));
mi_assert_internal(page->xblock_size == queue->block_size || (page->xblock_size > MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX && mi_page_queue_is_huge(queue)) || (mi_page_is_in_full(page) && mi_page_queue_is_full(queue)));
mi_heap_t* heap = mi_page_heap(page);
if (page->prev != NULL) page->prev->next = page->next;
if (page->next != NULL) page->next->prev = page->prev;
if (page == queue->last) queue->last = page->prev;
if (page == queue->first) {
queue->first = page->next;
// update first
mi_assert_internal(mi_heap_contains_queue(heap, queue));
mi_heap_queue_first_update(heap,queue);
}
heap->page_count--;
page->next = NULL;
page->prev = NULL;
// mi_atomic_store_ptr_release(mi_atomic_cast(void*, &page->heap), NULL);
mi_page_set_in_full(page,false);
}
static void mi_page_queue_push(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* queue, mi_page_t* page) {
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_heap(page) == heap);
mi_assert_internal(!mi_page_queue_contains(queue, page));
mi_assert_internal(_mi_page_segment(page)->kind != MI_SEGMENT_HUGE);
mi_assert_internal(page->xblock_size == queue->block_size ||
(page->xblock_size > MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX) ||
(mi_page_is_in_full(page) && mi_page_queue_is_full(queue)));
mi_page_set_in_full(page, mi_page_queue_is_full(queue));
// mi_atomic_store_ptr_release(mi_atomic_cast(void*, &page->heap), heap);
page->next = queue->first;
page->prev = NULL;
if (queue->first != NULL) {
mi_assert_internal(queue->first->prev == NULL);
queue->first->prev = page;
queue->first = page;
}
else {
queue->first = queue->last = page;
}
// update direct
mi_heap_queue_first_update(heap, queue);
heap->page_count++;
}
static void mi_page_queue_enqueue_from(mi_page_queue_t* to, mi_page_queue_t* from, mi_page_t* page) {
mi_assert_internal(page != NULL);
mi_assert_expensive(mi_page_queue_contains(from, page));
mi_assert_expensive(!mi_page_queue_contains(to, page));
mi_assert_internal((page->xblock_size == to->block_size && page->xblock_size == from->block_size) ||
(page->xblock_size == to->block_size && mi_page_queue_is_full(from)) ||
(page->xblock_size == from->block_size && mi_page_queue_is_full(to)) ||
(page->xblock_size > MI_LARGE_OBJ_SIZE_MAX && mi_page_queue_is_huge(to)) ||
(page->xblock_size > MI_LARGE_OBJ_SIZE_MAX && mi_page_queue_is_full(to)));
mi_heap_t* heap = mi_page_heap(page);
if (page->prev != NULL) page->prev->next = page->next;
if (page->next != NULL) page->next->prev = page->prev;
if (page == from->last) from->last = page->prev;
if (page == from->first) {
from->first = page->next;
// update first
mi_assert_internal(mi_heap_contains_queue(heap, from));
mi_heap_queue_first_update(heap, from);
}
page->prev = to->last;
page->next = NULL;
if (to->last != NULL) {
mi_assert_internal(heap == mi_page_heap(to->last));
to->last->next = page;
to->last = page;
}
else {
to->first = page;
to->last = page;
mi_heap_queue_first_update(heap, to);
}
mi_page_set_in_full(page, mi_page_queue_is_full(to));
}
// Only called from `mi_heap_absorb`.
size_t _mi_page_queue_append(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* pq, mi_page_queue_t* append) {
mi_assert_internal(mi_heap_contains_queue(heap,pq));
mi_assert_internal(pq->block_size == append->block_size);
if (append->first==NULL) return 0;
// set append pages to new heap and count
size_t count = 0;
for (mi_page_t* page = append->first; page != NULL; page = page->next) {
// inline `mi_page_set_heap` to avoid wrong assertion during absorption;
// in this case it is ok to be delayed freeing since both "to" and "from" heap are still alive.
mi_atomic_store_release(&page->xheap, (uintptr_t)heap);
// set the flag to delayed free (not overriding NEVER_DELAYED_FREE) which has as a
// side effect that it spins until any DELAYED_FREEING is finished. This ensures
// that after appending only the new heap will be used for delayed free operations.
_mi_page_use_delayed_free(page, MI_USE_DELAYED_FREE, false);
count++;
}
if (pq->last==NULL) {
// take over afresh
mi_assert_internal(pq->first==NULL);
pq->first = append->first;
pq->last = append->last;
mi_heap_queue_first_update(heap, pq);
}
else {
// append to end
mi_assert_internal(pq->last!=NULL);
mi_assert_internal(append->first!=NULL);
pq->last->next = append->first;
append->first->prev = pq->last;
pq->last = append->last;
}
return count;
}

869
compat/mimalloc/page.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,869 @@
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2018-2020, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
The core of the allocator. Every segment contains
pages of a certain block size. The main function
exported is `mi_malloc_generic`.
----------------------------------------------------------- */
#include "mimalloc.h"
#include "mimalloc-internal.h"
#include "mimalloc-atomic.h"
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Definition of page queues for each block size
----------------------------------------------------------- */
#define MI_IN_PAGE_C
#include "page-queue.c"
#undef MI_IN_PAGE_C
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Page helpers
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// Index a block in a page
static inline mi_block_t* mi_page_block_at(const mi_page_t* page, void* page_start, size_t block_size, size_t i) {
MI_UNUSED(page);
mi_assert_internal(page != NULL);
mi_assert_internal(i <= page->reserved);
return (mi_block_t*)((uint8_t*)page_start + (i * block_size));
}
static void mi_page_init(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_t* page, size_t size, mi_tld_t* tld);
static void mi_page_extend_free(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_t* page, mi_tld_t* tld);
#if (MI_DEBUG>=3)
static size_t mi_page_list_count(mi_page_t* page, mi_block_t* head) {
size_t count = 0;
while (head != NULL) {
mi_assert_internal(page == _mi_ptr_page(head));
count++;
head = mi_block_next(page, head);
}
return count;
}
/*
// Start of the page available memory
static inline uint8_t* mi_page_area(const mi_page_t* page) {
return _mi_page_start(_mi_page_segment(page), page, NULL);
}
*/
static bool mi_page_list_is_valid(mi_page_t* page, mi_block_t* p) {
size_t psize;
uint8_t* page_area = _mi_page_start(_mi_page_segment(page), page, &psize);
mi_block_t* start = (mi_block_t*)page_area;
mi_block_t* end = (mi_block_t*)(page_area + psize);
while(p != NULL) {
if (p < start || p >= end) return false;
p = mi_block_next(page, p);
}
return true;
}
static bool mi_page_is_valid_init(mi_page_t* page) {
mi_assert_internal(page->xblock_size > 0);
mi_assert_internal(page->used <= page->capacity);
mi_assert_internal(page->capacity <= page->reserved);
mi_segment_t* segment = _mi_page_segment(page);
uint8_t* start = _mi_page_start(segment,page,NULL);
mi_assert_internal(start == _mi_segment_page_start(segment,page,NULL));
//const size_t bsize = mi_page_block_size(page);
//mi_assert_internal(start + page->capacity*page->block_size == page->top);
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_list_is_valid(page,page->free));
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_list_is_valid(page,page->local_free));
#if MI_DEBUG>3 // generally too expensive to check this
if (page->is_zero) {
const size_t ubsize = mi_page_usable_block_size(page);
for(mi_block_t* block = page->free; block != NULL; block = mi_block_next(page,block)) {
mi_assert_expensive(mi_mem_is_zero(block + 1, ubsize - sizeof(mi_block_t)));
}
}
#endif
mi_block_t* tfree = mi_page_thread_free(page);
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_list_is_valid(page, tfree));
//size_t tfree_count = mi_page_list_count(page, tfree);
//mi_assert_internal(tfree_count <= page->thread_freed + 1);
size_t free_count = mi_page_list_count(page, page->free) + mi_page_list_count(page, page->local_free);
mi_assert_internal(page->used + free_count == page->capacity);
return true;
}
bool _mi_page_is_valid(mi_page_t* page) {
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_is_valid_init(page));
#if MI_SECURE
mi_assert_internal(page->keys[0] != 0);
#endif
if (mi_page_heap(page)!=NULL) {
mi_segment_t* segment = _mi_page_segment(page);
mi_assert_internal(!_mi_process_is_initialized || segment->thread_id==0 || segment->thread_id == mi_page_heap(page)->thread_id);
if (segment->kind != MI_SEGMENT_HUGE) {
mi_page_queue_t* pq = mi_page_queue_of(page);
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_queue_contains(pq, page));
mi_assert_internal(pq->block_size==mi_page_block_size(page) || mi_page_block_size(page) > MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX || mi_page_is_in_full(page));
mi_assert_internal(mi_heap_contains_queue(mi_page_heap(page),pq));
}
}
return true;
}
#endif
void _mi_page_use_delayed_free(mi_page_t* page, mi_delayed_t delay, bool override_never) {
mi_thread_free_t tfreex;
mi_delayed_t old_delay;
mi_thread_free_t tfree;
do {
tfree = mi_atomic_load_acquire(&page->xthread_free); // note: must acquire as we can break/repeat this loop and not do a CAS;
tfreex = mi_tf_set_delayed(tfree, delay);
old_delay = mi_tf_delayed(tfree);
if (mi_unlikely(old_delay == MI_DELAYED_FREEING)) {
mi_atomic_yield(); // delay until outstanding MI_DELAYED_FREEING are done.
// tfree = mi_tf_set_delayed(tfree, MI_NO_DELAYED_FREE); // will cause CAS to busy fail
}
else if (delay == old_delay) {
break; // avoid atomic operation if already equal
}
else if (!override_never && old_delay == MI_NEVER_DELAYED_FREE) {
break; // leave never-delayed flag set
}
} while ((old_delay == MI_DELAYED_FREEING) ||
!mi_atomic_cas_weak_release(&page->xthread_free, &tfree, tfreex));
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Page collect the `local_free` and `thread_free` lists
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// Collect the local `thread_free` list using an atomic exchange.
// Note: The exchange must be done atomically as this is used right after
// moving to the full list in `mi_page_collect_ex` and we need to
// ensure that there was no race where the page became unfull just before the move.
static void _mi_page_thread_free_collect(mi_page_t* page)
{
mi_block_t* head;
mi_thread_free_t tfreex;
mi_thread_free_t tfree = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&page->xthread_free);
do {
head = mi_tf_block(tfree);
tfreex = mi_tf_set_block(tfree,NULL);
} while (!mi_atomic_cas_weak_acq_rel(&page->xthread_free, &tfree, tfreex));
// return if the list is empty
if (head == NULL) return;
// find the tail -- also to get a proper count (without data races)
uint32_t max_count = page->capacity; // cannot collect more than capacity
uint32_t count = 1;
mi_block_t* tail = head;
mi_block_t* next;
while ((next = mi_block_next(page,tail)) != NULL && count <= max_count) {
count++;
tail = next;
}
// if `count > max_count` there was a memory corruption (possibly infinite list due to double multi-threaded free)
if (count > max_count) {
_mi_error_message(EFAULT, "corrupted thread-free list\n");
return; // the thread-free items cannot be freed
}
// and append the current local free list
mi_block_set_next(page,tail, page->local_free);
page->local_free = head;
// update counts now
page->used -= count;
}
void _mi_page_free_collect(mi_page_t* page, bool force) {
mi_assert_internal(page!=NULL);
// collect the thread free list
if (force || mi_page_thread_free(page) != NULL) { // quick test to avoid an atomic operation
_mi_page_thread_free_collect(page);
}
// and the local free list
if (page->local_free != NULL) {
if (mi_likely(page->free == NULL)) {
// usual case
page->free = page->local_free;
page->local_free = NULL;
page->is_zero = false;
}
else if (force) {
// append -- only on shutdown (force) as this is a linear operation
mi_block_t* tail = page->local_free;
mi_block_t* next;
while ((next = mi_block_next(page, tail)) != NULL) {
tail = next;
}
mi_block_set_next(page, tail, page->free);
page->free = page->local_free;
page->local_free = NULL;
page->is_zero = false;
}
}
mi_assert_internal(!force || page->local_free == NULL);
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Page fresh and retire
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// called from segments when reclaiming abandoned pages
void _mi_page_reclaim(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_t* page) {
mi_assert_expensive(mi_page_is_valid_init(page));
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_heap(page) == heap);
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_thread_free_flag(page) != MI_NEVER_DELAYED_FREE);
mi_assert_internal(_mi_page_segment(page)->kind != MI_SEGMENT_HUGE);
mi_assert_internal(!page->is_reset);
// TODO: push on full queue immediately if it is full?
mi_page_queue_t* pq = mi_page_queue(heap, mi_page_block_size(page));
mi_page_queue_push(heap, pq, page);
mi_assert_expensive(_mi_page_is_valid(page));
}
// allocate a fresh page from a segment
static mi_page_t* mi_page_fresh_alloc(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* pq, size_t block_size) {
mi_assert_internal(pq==NULL||mi_heap_contains_queue(heap, pq));
mi_page_t* page = _mi_segment_page_alloc(heap, block_size, &heap->tld->segments, &heap->tld->os);
if (page == NULL) {
// this may be out-of-memory, or an abandoned page was reclaimed (and in our queue)
return NULL;
}
mi_assert_internal(pq==NULL || _mi_page_segment(page)->kind != MI_SEGMENT_HUGE);
mi_page_init(heap, page, block_size, heap->tld);
mi_heap_stat_increase(heap, pages, 1);
if (pq!=NULL) mi_page_queue_push(heap, pq, page); // huge pages use pq==NULL
mi_assert_expensive(_mi_page_is_valid(page));
return page;
}
// Get a fresh page to use
static mi_page_t* mi_page_fresh(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* pq) {
mi_assert_internal(mi_heap_contains_queue(heap, pq));
mi_page_t* page = mi_page_fresh_alloc(heap, pq, pq->block_size);
if (page==NULL) return NULL;
mi_assert_internal(pq->block_size==mi_page_block_size(page));
mi_assert_internal(pq==mi_page_queue(heap, mi_page_block_size(page)));
return page;
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Do any delayed frees
(put there by other threads if they deallocated in a full page)
----------------------------------------------------------- */
void _mi_heap_delayed_free(mi_heap_t* heap) {
// take over the list (note: no atomic exchange since it is often NULL)
mi_block_t* block = mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(mi_block_t, &heap->thread_delayed_free);
while (block != NULL && !mi_atomic_cas_ptr_weak_acq_rel(mi_block_t, &heap->thread_delayed_free, &block, NULL)) { /* nothing */ };
// and free them all
while(block != NULL) {
mi_block_t* next = mi_block_nextx(heap,block, heap->keys);
// use internal free instead of regular one to keep stats etc correct
if (!_mi_free_delayed_block(block)) {
// we might already start delayed freeing while another thread has not yet
// reset the delayed_freeing flag; in that case delay it further by reinserting.
mi_block_t* dfree = mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(mi_block_t, &heap->thread_delayed_free);
do {
mi_block_set_nextx(heap, block, dfree, heap->keys);
} while (!mi_atomic_cas_ptr_weak_release(mi_block_t,&heap->thread_delayed_free, &dfree, block));
}
block = next;
}
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Unfull, abandon, free and retire
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// Move a page from the full list back to a regular list
void _mi_page_unfull(mi_page_t* page) {
mi_assert_internal(page != NULL);
mi_assert_expensive(_mi_page_is_valid(page));
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_is_in_full(page));
if (!mi_page_is_in_full(page)) return;
mi_heap_t* heap = mi_page_heap(page);
mi_page_queue_t* pqfull = &heap->pages[MI_BIN_FULL];
mi_page_set_in_full(page, false); // to get the right queue
mi_page_queue_t* pq = mi_heap_page_queue_of(heap, page);
mi_page_set_in_full(page, true);
mi_page_queue_enqueue_from(pq, pqfull, page);
}
static void mi_page_to_full(mi_page_t* page, mi_page_queue_t* pq) {
mi_assert_internal(pq == mi_page_queue_of(page));
mi_assert_internal(!mi_page_immediate_available(page));
mi_assert_internal(!mi_page_is_in_full(page));
if (mi_page_is_in_full(page)) return;
mi_page_queue_enqueue_from(&mi_page_heap(page)->pages[MI_BIN_FULL], pq, page);
_mi_page_free_collect(page,false); // try to collect right away in case another thread freed just before MI_USE_DELAYED_FREE was set
}
// Abandon a page with used blocks at the end of a thread.
// Note: only call if it is ensured that no references exist from
// the `page->heap->thread_delayed_free` into this page.
// Currently only called through `mi_heap_collect_ex` which ensures this.
void _mi_page_abandon(mi_page_t* page, mi_page_queue_t* pq) {
mi_assert_internal(page != NULL);
mi_assert_expensive(_mi_page_is_valid(page));
mi_assert_internal(pq == mi_page_queue_of(page));
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_heap(page) != NULL);
mi_heap_t* pheap = mi_page_heap(page);
// remove from our page list
mi_segments_tld_t* segments_tld = &pheap->tld->segments;
mi_page_queue_remove(pq, page);
// page is no longer associated with our heap
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_thread_free_flag(page)==MI_NEVER_DELAYED_FREE);
mi_page_set_heap(page, NULL);
#if MI_DEBUG>1
// check there are no references left..
for (mi_block_t* block = (mi_block_t*)pheap->thread_delayed_free; block != NULL; block = mi_block_nextx(pheap, block, pheap->keys)) {
mi_assert_internal(_mi_ptr_page(block) != page);
}
#endif
// and abandon it
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_heap(page) == NULL);
_mi_segment_page_abandon(page,segments_tld);
}
// Free a page with no more free blocks
void _mi_page_free(mi_page_t* page, mi_page_queue_t* pq, bool force) {
mi_assert_internal(page != NULL);
mi_assert_expensive(_mi_page_is_valid(page));
mi_assert_internal(pq == mi_page_queue_of(page));
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_all_free(page));
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_thread_free_flag(page)!=MI_DELAYED_FREEING);
// no more aligned blocks in here
mi_page_set_has_aligned(page, false);
mi_heap_t* heap = mi_page_heap(page);
// remove from the page list
// (no need to do _mi_heap_delayed_free first as all blocks are already free)
mi_segments_tld_t* segments_tld = &heap->tld->segments;
mi_page_queue_remove(pq, page);
// and free it
mi_page_set_heap(page,NULL);
_mi_segment_page_free(page, force, segments_tld);
}
// Retire parameters
#define MI_MAX_RETIRE_SIZE MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX
#define MI_RETIRE_CYCLES (8)
// Retire a page with no more used blocks
// Important to not retire too quickly though as new
// allocations might coming.
// Note: called from `mi_free` and benchmarks often
// trigger this due to freeing everything and then
// allocating again so careful when changing this.
void _mi_page_retire(mi_page_t* page) mi_attr_noexcept {
mi_assert_internal(page != NULL);
mi_assert_expensive(_mi_page_is_valid(page));
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_all_free(page));
mi_page_set_has_aligned(page, false);
// don't retire too often..
// (or we end up retiring and re-allocating most of the time)
// NOTE: refine this more: we should not retire if this
// is the only page left with free blocks. It is not clear
// how to check this efficiently though...
// for now, we don't retire if it is the only page left of this size class.
mi_page_queue_t* pq = mi_page_queue_of(page);
if (mi_likely(page->xblock_size <= MI_MAX_RETIRE_SIZE && !mi_page_is_in_full(page))) {
if (pq->last==page && pq->first==page) { // the only page in the queue?
mi_stat_counter_increase(_mi_stats_main.page_no_retire,1);
page->retire_expire = 1 + (page->xblock_size <= MI_SMALL_OBJ_SIZE_MAX ? MI_RETIRE_CYCLES : MI_RETIRE_CYCLES/4);
mi_heap_t* heap = mi_page_heap(page);
mi_assert_internal(pq >= heap->pages);
const size_t index = pq - heap->pages;
mi_assert_internal(index < MI_BIN_FULL && index < MI_BIN_HUGE);
if (index < heap->page_retired_min) heap->page_retired_min = index;
if (index > heap->page_retired_max) heap->page_retired_max = index;
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_all_free(page));
return; // dont't free after all
}
}
_mi_page_free(page, pq, false);
}
// free retired pages: we don't need to look at the entire queues
// since we only retire pages that are at the head position in a queue.
void _mi_heap_collect_retired(mi_heap_t* heap, bool force) {
size_t min = MI_BIN_FULL;
size_t max = 0;
for(size_t bin = heap->page_retired_min; bin <= heap->page_retired_max; bin++) {
mi_page_queue_t* pq = &heap->pages[bin];
mi_page_t* page = pq->first;
if (page != NULL && page->retire_expire != 0) {
if (mi_page_all_free(page)) {
page->retire_expire--;
if (force || page->retire_expire == 0) {
_mi_page_free(pq->first, pq, force);
}
else {
// keep retired, update min/max
if (bin < min) min = bin;
if (bin > max) max = bin;
}
}
else {
page->retire_expire = 0;
}
}
}
heap->page_retired_min = min;
heap->page_retired_max = max;
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Initialize the initial free list in a page.
In secure mode we initialize a randomized list by
alternating between slices.
----------------------------------------------------------- */
#define MI_MAX_SLICE_SHIFT (6) // at most 64 slices
#define MI_MAX_SLICES (1UL << MI_MAX_SLICE_SHIFT)
#define MI_MIN_SLICES (2)
static void mi_page_free_list_extend_secure(mi_heap_t* const heap, mi_page_t* const page, const size_t bsize, const size_t extend, mi_stats_t* const stats) {
MI_UNUSED(stats);
#if (MI_SECURE<=2)
mi_assert_internal(page->free == NULL);
mi_assert_internal(page->local_free == NULL);
#endif
mi_assert_internal(page->capacity + extend <= page->reserved);
mi_assert_internal(bsize == mi_page_block_size(page));
void* const page_area = _mi_page_start(_mi_page_segment(page), page, NULL);
// initialize a randomized free list
// set up `slice_count` slices to alternate between
size_t shift = MI_MAX_SLICE_SHIFT;
while ((extend >> shift) == 0) {
shift--;
}
const size_t slice_count = (size_t)1U << shift;
const size_t slice_extend = extend / slice_count;
mi_assert_internal(slice_extend >= 1);
mi_block_t* blocks[MI_MAX_SLICES]; // current start of the slice
size_t counts[MI_MAX_SLICES]; // available objects in the slice
for (size_t i = 0; i < slice_count; i++) {
blocks[i] = mi_page_block_at(page, page_area, bsize, page->capacity + i*slice_extend);
counts[i] = slice_extend;
}
counts[slice_count-1] += (extend % slice_count); // final slice holds the modulus too (todo: distribute evenly?)
// and initialize the free list by randomly threading through them
// set up first element
const uintptr_t r = _mi_heap_random_next(heap);
size_t current = r % slice_count;
counts[current]--;
mi_block_t* const free_start = blocks[current];
// and iterate through the rest; use `random_shuffle` for performance
uintptr_t rnd = _mi_random_shuffle(r|1); // ensure not 0
for (size_t i = 1; i < extend; i++) {
// call random_shuffle only every INTPTR_SIZE rounds
const size_t round = i%MI_INTPTR_SIZE;
if (round == 0) rnd = _mi_random_shuffle(rnd);
// select a random next slice index
size_t next = ((rnd >> 8*round) & (slice_count-1));
while (counts[next]==0) { // ensure it still has space
next++;
if (next==slice_count) next = 0;
}
// and link the current block to it
counts[next]--;
mi_block_t* const block = blocks[current];
blocks[current] = (mi_block_t*)((uint8_t*)block + bsize); // bump to the following block
mi_block_set_next(page, block, blocks[next]); // and set next; note: we may have `current == next`
current = next;
}
// prepend to the free list (usually NULL)
mi_block_set_next(page, blocks[current], page->free); // end of the list
page->free = free_start;
}
static mi_decl_noinline void mi_page_free_list_extend( mi_page_t* const page, const size_t bsize, const size_t extend, mi_stats_t* const stats)
{
MI_UNUSED(stats);
#if (MI_SECURE <= 2)
mi_assert_internal(page->free == NULL);
mi_assert_internal(page->local_free == NULL);
#endif
mi_assert_internal(page->capacity + extend <= page->reserved);
mi_assert_internal(bsize == mi_page_block_size(page));
void* const page_area = _mi_page_start(_mi_page_segment(page), page, NULL );
mi_block_t* const start = mi_page_block_at(page, page_area, bsize, page->capacity);
// initialize a sequential free list
mi_block_t* const last = mi_page_block_at(page, page_area, bsize, page->capacity + extend - 1);
mi_block_t* block = start;
while(block <= last) {
mi_block_t* next = (mi_block_t*)((uint8_t*)block + bsize);
mi_block_set_next(page,block,next);
block = next;
}
// prepend to free list (usually `NULL`)
mi_block_set_next(page, last, page->free);
page->free = start;
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Page initialize and extend the capacity
----------------------------------------------------------- */
#define MI_MAX_EXTEND_SIZE (4*1024) // heuristic, one OS page seems to work well.
#if (MI_SECURE>0)
#define MI_MIN_EXTEND (8*MI_SECURE) // extend at least by this many
#else
#define MI_MIN_EXTEND (1)
#endif
// Extend the capacity (up to reserved) by initializing a free list
// We do at most `MI_MAX_EXTEND` to avoid touching too much memory
// Note: we also experimented with "bump" allocation on the first
// allocations but this did not speed up any benchmark (due to an
// extra test in malloc? or cache effects?)
static void mi_page_extend_free(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_t* page, mi_tld_t* tld) {
MI_UNUSED(tld);
mi_assert_expensive(mi_page_is_valid_init(page));
#if (MI_SECURE<=2)
mi_assert(page->free == NULL);
mi_assert(page->local_free == NULL);
if (page->free != NULL) return;
#endif
if (page->capacity >= page->reserved) return;
size_t page_size;
_mi_page_start(_mi_page_segment(page), page, &page_size);
mi_stat_counter_increase(tld->stats.pages_extended, 1);
// calculate the extend count
const size_t bsize = (page->xblock_size < MI_HUGE_BLOCK_SIZE ? page->xblock_size : page_size);
size_t extend = page->reserved - page->capacity;
mi_assert_internal(extend > 0);
size_t max_extend = (bsize >= MI_MAX_EXTEND_SIZE ? MI_MIN_EXTEND : MI_MAX_EXTEND_SIZE/(uint32_t)bsize);
if (max_extend < MI_MIN_EXTEND) { max_extend = MI_MIN_EXTEND; }
mi_assert_internal(max_extend > 0);
if (extend > max_extend) {
// ensure we don't touch memory beyond the page to reduce page commit.
// the `lean` benchmark tests this. Going from 1 to 8 increases rss by 50%.
extend = max_extend;
}
mi_assert_internal(extend > 0 && extend + page->capacity <= page->reserved);
mi_assert_internal(extend < (1UL<<16));
// and append the extend the free list
if (extend < MI_MIN_SLICES || MI_SECURE==0) { //!mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_secure)) {
mi_page_free_list_extend(page, bsize, extend, &tld->stats );
}
else {
mi_page_free_list_extend_secure(heap, page, bsize, extend, &tld->stats);
}
// enable the new free list
page->capacity += (uint16_t)extend;
mi_stat_increase(tld->stats.page_committed, extend * bsize);
// extension into zero initialized memory preserves the zero'd free list
if (!page->is_zero_init) {
page->is_zero = false;
}
mi_assert_expensive(mi_page_is_valid_init(page));
}
// Initialize a fresh page
static void mi_page_init(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_t* page, size_t block_size, mi_tld_t* tld) {
mi_assert(page != NULL);
mi_segment_t* segment = _mi_page_segment(page);
mi_assert(segment != NULL);
mi_assert_internal(block_size > 0);
// set fields
mi_page_set_heap(page, heap);
page->xblock_size = (block_size < MI_HUGE_BLOCK_SIZE ? (uint32_t)block_size : MI_HUGE_BLOCK_SIZE); // initialize before _mi_segment_page_start
size_t page_size;
_mi_segment_page_start(segment, page, &page_size);
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_block_size(page) <= page_size);
mi_assert_internal(page_size <= page->slice_count*MI_SEGMENT_SLICE_SIZE);
mi_assert_internal(page_size / block_size < (1L<<16));
page->reserved = (uint16_t)(page_size / block_size);
#ifdef MI_ENCODE_FREELIST
page->keys[0] = _mi_heap_random_next(heap);
page->keys[1] = _mi_heap_random_next(heap);
#endif
#if MI_DEBUG > 0
page->is_zero = false; // ensure in debug mode we initialize with MI_DEBUG_UNINIT, see issue #501
#else
page->is_zero = page->is_zero_init;
#endif
mi_assert_internal(page->is_committed);
mi_assert_internal(!page->is_reset);
mi_assert_internal(page->capacity == 0);
mi_assert_internal(page->free == NULL);
mi_assert_internal(page->used == 0);
mi_assert_internal(page->xthread_free == 0);
mi_assert_internal(page->next == NULL);
mi_assert_internal(page->prev == NULL);
mi_assert_internal(page->retire_expire == 0);
mi_assert_internal(!mi_page_has_aligned(page));
#if (MI_ENCODE_FREELIST)
mi_assert_internal(page->keys[0] != 0);
mi_assert_internal(page->keys[1] != 0);
#endif
mi_assert_expensive(mi_page_is_valid_init(page));
// initialize an initial free list
mi_page_extend_free(heap,page,tld);
mi_assert(mi_page_immediate_available(page));
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Find pages with free blocks
-------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Find a page with free blocks of `page->block_size`.
static mi_page_t* mi_page_queue_find_free_ex(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* pq, bool first_try)
{
// search through the pages in "next fit" order
size_t count = 0;
mi_page_t* page = pq->first;
while (page != NULL)
{
mi_page_t* next = page->next; // remember next
count++;
// 0. collect freed blocks by us and other threads
_mi_page_free_collect(page, false);
// 1. if the page contains free blocks, we are done
if (mi_page_immediate_available(page)) {
break; // pick this one
}
// 2. Try to extend
if (page->capacity < page->reserved) {
mi_page_extend_free(heap, page, heap->tld);
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_immediate_available(page));
break;
}
// 3. If the page is completely full, move it to the `mi_pages_full`
// queue so we don't visit long-lived pages too often.
mi_assert_internal(!mi_page_is_in_full(page) && !mi_page_immediate_available(page));
mi_page_to_full(page, pq);
page = next;
} // for each page
mi_heap_stat_counter_increase(heap, searches, count);
if (page == NULL) {
_mi_heap_collect_retired(heap, false); // perhaps make a page available?
page = mi_page_fresh(heap, pq);
if (page == NULL && first_try) {
// out-of-memory _or_ an abandoned page with free blocks was reclaimed, try once again
page = mi_page_queue_find_free_ex(heap, pq, false);
}
}
else {
mi_assert(pq->first == page);
page->retire_expire = 0;
}
mi_assert_internal(page == NULL || mi_page_immediate_available(page));
return page;
}
// Find a page with free blocks of `size`.
static inline mi_page_t* mi_find_free_page(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size) {
mi_page_queue_t* pq = mi_page_queue(heap,size);
mi_page_t* page = pq->first;
if (page != NULL) {
#if (MI_SECURE>=3) // in secure mode, we extend half the time to increase randomness
if (page->capacity < page->reserved && ((_mi_heap_random_next(heap) & 1) == 1)) {
mi_page_extend_free(heap, page, heap->tld);
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_immediate_available(page));
}
else
#endif
{
_mi_page_free_collect(page,false);
}
if (mi_page_immediate_available(page)) {
page->retire_expire = 0;
return page; // fast path
}
}
return mi_page_queue_find_free_ex(heap, pq, true);
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Users can register a deferred free function called
when the `free` list is empty. Since the `local_free`
is separate this is deterministically called after
a certain number of allocations.
----------------------------------------------------------- */
static mi_deferred_free_fun* volatile deferred_free = NULL;
static _Atomic(void*) deferred_arg; // = NULL
void _mi_deferred_free(mi_heap_t* heap, bool force) {
heap->tld->heartbeat++;
if (deferred_free != NULL && !heap->tld->recurse) {
heap->tld->recurse = true;
deferred_free(force, heap->tld->heartbeat, mi_atomic_load_ptr_relaxed(void,&deferred_arg));
heap->tld->recurse = false;
}
}
void mi_register_deferred_free(mi_deferred_free_fun* fn, void* arg) mi_attr_noexcept {
deferred_free = fn;
mi_atomic_store_ptr_release(void,&deferred_arg, arg);
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
General allocation
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// Large and huge page allocation.
// Huge pages are allocated directly without being in a queue.
// Because huge pages contain just one block, and the segment contains
// just that page, we always treat them as abandoned and any thread
// that frees the block can free the whole page and segment directly.
static mi_page_t* mi_large_huge_page_alloc(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size) {
size_t block_size = _mi_os_good_alloc_size(size);
mi_assert_internal(mi_bin(block_size) == MI_BIN_HUGE);
bool is_huge = (block_size > MI_LARGE_OBJ_SIZE_MAX);
mi_page_queue_t* pq = (is_huge ? NULL : mi_page_queue(heap, block_size));
mi_page_t* page = mi_page_fresh_alloc(heap, pq, block_size);
if (page != NULL) {
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_immediate_available(page));
if (pq == NULL) {
// huge pages are directly abandoned
mi_assert_internal(_mi_page_segment(page)->kind == MI_SEGMENT_HUGE);
mi_assert_internal(_mi_page_segment(page)->used==1);
mi_assert_internal(_mi_page_segment(page)->thread_id==0); // abandoned, not in the huge queue
mi_page_set_heap(page, NULL);
}
else {
mi_assert_internal(_mi_page_segment(page)->kind != MI_SEGMENT_HUGE);
}
const size_t bsize = mi_page_usable_block_size(page); // note: not `mi_page_block_size` to account for padding
if (bsize <= MI_LARGE_OBJ_SIZE_MAX) {
mi_heap_stat_increase(heap, large, bsize);
mi_heap_stat_counter_increase(heap, large_count, 1);
}
else {
mi_heap_stat_increase(heap, huge, bsize);
mi_heap_stat_counter_increase(heap, huge_count, 1);
}
}
return page;
}
// Allocate a page
// Note: in debug mode the size includes MI_PADDING_SIZE and might have overflowed.
static mi_page_t* mi_find_page(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept {
// huge allocation?
const size_t req_size = size - MI_PADDING_SIZE; // correct for padding_size in case of an overflow on `size`
if (mi_unlikely(req_size > (MI_MEDIUM_OBJ_SIZE_MAX - MI_PADDING_SIZE) )) {
if (mi_unlikely(req_size > PTRDIFF_MAX)) { // we don't allocate more than PTRDIFF_MAX (see <https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-announce/2019/msg00001.html>)
_mi_error_message(EOVERFLOW, "allocation request is too large (%zu bytes)\n", req_size);
return NULL;
}
else {
return mi_large_huge_page_alloc(heap,size);
}
}
else {
// otherwise find a page with free blocks in our size segregated queues
mi_assert_internal(size >= MI_PADDING_SIZE);
return mi_find_free_page(heap, size);
}
}
// Generic allocation routine if the fast path (`alloc.c:mi_page_malloc`) does not succeed.
// Note: in debug mode the size includes MI_PADDING_SIZE and might have overflowed.
void* _mi_malloc_generic(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size) mi_attr_noexcept
{
mi_assert_internal(heap != NULL);
// initialize if necessary
if (mi_unlikely(!mi_heap_is_initialized(heap))) {
mi_thread_init(); // calls `_mi_heap_init` in turn
heap = mi_get_default_heap();
if (mi_unlikely(!mi_heap_is_initialized(heap))) { return NULL; }
}
mi_assert_internal(mi_heap_is_initialized(heap));
// call potential deferred free routines
_mi_deferred_free(heap, false);
// free delayed frees from other threads
_mi_heap_delayed_free(heap);
// find (or allocate) a page of the right size
mi_page_t* page = mi_find_page(heap, size);
if (mi_unlikely(page == NULL)) { // first time out of memory, try to collect and retry the allocation once more
mi_heap_collect(heap, true /* force */);
page = mi_find_page(heap, size);
}
if (mi_unlikely(page == NULL)) { // out of memory
const size_t req_size = size - MI_PADDING_SIZE; // correct for padding_size in case of an overflow on `size`
_mi_error_message(ENOMEM, "unable to allocate memory (%zu bytes)\n", req_size);
return NULL;
}
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_immediate_available(page));
mi_assert_internal(mi_page_block_size(page) >= size);
// and try again, this time succeeding! (i.e. this should never recurse)
return _mi_page_malloc(heap, page, size);
}

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compat/mimalloc/random.c Normal file
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/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2019-2021, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#ifndef _DEFAULT_SOURCE
#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE // for syscall() on Linux
#endif
#include "mimalloc.h"
#include "mimalloc-internal.h"
#include <string.h> // memset
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
We use our own PRNG to keep predictable performance of random number generation
and to avoid implementations that use a lock. We only use the OS provided
random source to initialize the initial seeds. Since we do not need ultimate
performance but we do rely on the security (for secret cookies in secure mode)
we use a cryptographically secure generator (chacha20).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#define MI_CHACHA_ROUNDS (20) // perhaps use 12 for better performance?
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chacha20 implementation as the original algorithm with a 64-bit nonce
and counter: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salsa20
The input matrix has sixteen 32-bit values:
Position 0 to 3: constant key
Position 4 to 11: the key
Position 12 to 13: the counter.
Position 14 to 15: the nonce.
The implementation uses regular C code which compiles very well on modern compilers.
(gcc x64 has no register spills, and clang 6+ uses SSE instructions)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static inline uint32_t rotl(uint32_t x, uint32_t shift) {
return (x << shift) | (x >> (32 - shift));
}
static inline void qround(uint32_t x[16], size_t a, size_t b, size_t c, size_t d) {
x[a] += x[b]; x[d] = rotl(x[d] ^ x[a], 16);
x[c] += x[d]; x[b] = rotl(x[b] ^ x[c], 12);
x[a] += x[b]; x[d] = rotl(x[d] ^ x[a], 8);
x[c] += x[d]; x[b] = rotl(x[b] ^ x[c], 7);
}
static void chacha_block(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx)
{
// scramble into `x`
uint32_t x[16];
for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
x[i] = ctx->input[i];
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < MI_CHACHA_ROUNDS; i += 2) {
qround(x, 0, 4, 8, 12);
qround(x, 1, 5, 9, 13);
qround(x, 2, 6, 10, 14);
qround(x, 3, 7, 11, 15);
qround(x, 0, 5, 10, 15);
qround(x, 1, 6, 11, 12);
qround(x, 2, 7, 8, 13);
qround(x, 3, 4, 9, 14);
}
// add scrambled data to the initial state
for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
ctx->output[i] = x[i] + ctx->input[i];
}
ctx->output_available = 16;
// increment the counter for the next round
ctx->input[12] += 1;
if (ctx->input[12] == 0) {
ctx->input[13] += 1;
if (ctx->input[13] == 0) { // and keep increasing into the nonce
ctx->input[14] += 1;
}
}
}
static uint32_t chacha_next32(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx) {
if (ctx->output_available <= 0) {
chacha_block(ctx);
ctx->output_available = 16; // (assign again to suppress static analysis warning)
}
const uint32_t x = ctx->output[16 - ctx->output_available];
ctx->output[16 - ctx->output_available] = 0; // reset once the data is handed out
ctx->output_available--;
return x;
}
static inline uint32_t read32(const uint8_t* p, size_t idx32) {
const size_t i = 4*idx32;
return ((uint32_t)p[i+0] | (uint32_t)p[i+1] << 8 | (uint32_t)p[i+2] << 16 | (uint32_t)p[i+3] << 24);
}
static void chacha_init(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx, const uint8_t key[32], uint64_t nonce)
{
// since we only use chacha for randomness (and not encryption) we
// do not _need_ to read 32-bit values as little endian but we do anyways
// just for being compatible :-)
memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(*ctx));
for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
const uint8_t* sigma = (uint8_t*)"expand 32-byte k";
ctx->input[i] = read32(sigma,i);
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
ctx->input[i + 4] = read32(key,i);
}
ctx->input[12] = 0;
ctx->input[13] = 0;
ctx->input[14] = (uint32_t)nonce;
ctx->input[15] = (uint32_t)(nonce >> 32);
}
static void chacha_split(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx, uint64_t nonce, mi_random_ctx_t* ctx_new) {
memset(ctx_new, 0, sizeof(*ctx_new));
_mi_memcpy(ctx_new->input, ctx->input, sizeof(ctx_new->input));
ctx_new->input[12] = 0;
ctx_new->input[13] = 0;
ctx_new->input[14] = (uint32_t)nonce;
ctx_new->input[15] = (uint32_t)(nonce >> 32);
mi_assert_internal(ctx->input[14] != ctx_new->input[14] || ctx->input[15] != ctx_new->input[15]); // do not reuse nonces!
chacha_block(ctx_new);
}
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Random interface
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#if MI_DEBUG>1
static bool mi_random_is_initialized(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx) {
return (ctx != NULL && ctx->input[0] != 0);
}
#endif
void _mi_random_split(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx, mi_random_ctx_t* ctx_new) {
mi_assert_internal(mi_random_is_initialized(ctx));
mi_assert_internal(ctx != ctx_new);
chacha_split(ctx, (uintptr_t)ctx_new /*nonce*/, ctx_new);
}
uintptr_t _mi_random_next(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx) {
mi_assert_internal(mi_random_is_initialized(ctx));
#if MI_INTPTR_SIZE <= 4
return chacha_next32(ctx);
#elif MI_INTPTR_SIZE == 8
return (((uintptr_t)chacha_next32(ctx) << 32) | chacha_next32(ctx));
#else
# error "define mi_random_next for this platform"
#endif
}
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
To initialize a fresh random context we rely on the OS:
- Windows : BCryptGenRandom (or RtlGenRandom)
- macOS : CCRandomGenerateBytes, arc4random_buf
- bsd,wasi : arc4random_buf
- Linux : getrandom,/dev/urandom
If we cannot get good randomness, we fall back to weak randomness based on a timer and ASLR.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#if defined(_WIN32)
#if defined(MI_USE_RTLGENRANDOM) || defined(__cplusplus)
// We prefer to use BCryptGenRandom instead of (the unofficial) RtlGenRandom but when using
// dynamic overriding, we observed it can raise an exception when compiled with C++, and
// sometimes deadlocks when also running under the VS debugger.
#pragma comment (lib,"advapi32.lib")
#define RtlGenRandom SystemFunction036
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
BOOLEAN NTAPI RtlGenRandom(PVOID RandomBuffer, ULONG RandomBufferLength);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
static bool os_random_buf(void* buf, size_t buf_len) {
return (RtlGenRandom(buf, (ULONG)buf_len) != 0);
}
#else
#pragma comment (lib,"bcrypt.lib")
#include <bcrypt.h>
static bool os_random_buf(void* buf, size_t buf_len) {
return (BCryptGenRandom(NULL, (PUCHAR)buf, (ULONG)buf_len, BCRYPT_USE_SYSTEM_PREFERRED_RNG) >= 0);
}
#endif
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
#if defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_10) && MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_10
#include <CommonCrypto/CommonCryptoError.h>
#include <CommonCrypto/CommonRandom.h>
#endif
static bool os_random_buf(void* buf, size_t buf_len) {
#if defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_15) && MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_15
// We prefere CCRandomGenerateBytes as it returns an error code while arc4random_buf
// may fail silently on macOS. See PR #390, and <https://opensource.apple.com/source/Libc/Libc-1439.40.11/gen/FreeBSD/arc4random.c.auto.html>
return (CCRandomGenerateBytes(buf, buf_len) == kCCSuccess);
#else
// fall back on older macOS
arc4random_buf(buf, buf_len);
return true;
#endif
}
#elif defined(__ANDROID__) || defined(__DragonFly__) || \
defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || \
defined(__sun) // todo: what to use with __wasi__?
#include <stdlib.h>
static bool os_random_buf(void* buf, size_t buf_len) {
arc4random_buf(buf, buf_len);
return true;
}
#elif defined(__linux__) || defined(__HAIKU__)
#if defined(__linux__)
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#endif
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
static bool os_random_buf(void* buf, size_t buf_len) {
// Modern Linux provides `getrandom` but different distributions either use `sys/random.h` or `linux/random.h`
// and for the latter the actual `getrandom` call is not always defined.
// (see <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45237324/why-doesnt-getrandom-compile>)
// We therefore use a syscall directly and fall back dynamically to /dev/urandom when needed.
#ifdef SYS_getrandom
#ifndef GRND_NONBLOCK
#define GRND_NONBLOCK (1)
#endif
static _Atomic(uintptr_t) no_getrandom; // = 0
if (mi_atomic_load_acquire(&no_getrandom)==0) {
ssize_t ret = syscall(SYS_getrandom, buf, buf_len, GRND_NONBLOCK);
if (ret >= 0) return (buf_len == (size_t)ret);
if (errno != ENOSYS) return false;
mi_atomic_store_release(&no_getrandom, 1UL); // don't call again, and fall back to /dev/urandom
}
#endif
int flags = O_RDONLY;
#if defined(O_CLOEXEC)
flags |= O_CLOEXEC;
#endif
int fd = open("/dev/urandom", flags, 0);
if (fd < 0) return false;
size_t count = 0;
while(count < buf_len) {
ssize_t ret = read(fd, (char*)buf + count, buf_len - count);
if (ret<=0) {
if (errno!=EAGAIN && errno!=EINTR) break;
}
else {
count += ret;
}
}
close(fd);
return (count==buf_len);
}
#else
static bool os_random_buf(void* buf, size_t buf_len) {
return false;
}
#endif
#if defined(_WIN32)
#include <windows.h>
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
#include <mach/mach_time.h>
#else
#include <time.h>
#endif
uintptr_t _mi_os_random_weak(uintptr_t extra_seed) {
uintptr_t x = (uintptr_t)&_mi_os_random_weak ^ extra_seed; // ASLR makes the address random
#if defined(_WIN32)
LARGE_INTEGER pcount;
QueryPerformanceCounter(&pcount);
x ^= (uintptr_t)(pcount.QuadPart);
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
x ^= (uintptr_t)mach_absolute_time();
#else
struct timespec time;
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &time);
x ^= (uintptr_t)time.tv_sec;
x ^= (uintptr_t)time.tv_nsec;
#endif
// and do a few randomization steps
uintptr_t max = ((x ^ (x >> 17)) & 0x0F) + 1;
for (uintptr_t i = 0; i < max; i++) {
x = _mi_random_shuffle(x);
}
mi_assert_internal(x != 0);
return x;
}
void _mi_random_init(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx) {
uint8_t key[32];
if (!os_random_buf(key, sizeof(key))) {
// if we fail to get random data from the OS, we fall back to a
// weak random source based on the current time
#if !defined(__wasi__)
_mi_warning_message("unable to use secure randomness\n");
#endif
uintptr_t x = _mi_os_random_weak(0);
for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) { // key is eight 32-bit words.
x = _mi_random_shuffle(x);
((uint32_t*)key)[i] = (uint32_t)x;
}
}
chacha_init(ctx, key, (uintptr_t)ctx /*nonce*/ );
}
/* --------------------------------------------------------
test vectors from <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8439>
----------------------------------------------------------- */
/*
static bool array_equals(uint32_t* x, uint32_t* y, size_t n) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (x[i] != y[i]) return false;
}
return true;
}
static void chacha_test(void)
{
uint32_t x[4] = { 0x11111111, 0x01020304, 0x9b8d6f43, 0x01234567 };
uint32_t x_out[4] = { 0xea2a92f4, 0xcb1cf8ce, 0x4581472e, 0x5881c4bb };
qround(x, 0, 1, 2, 3);
mi_assert_internal(array_equals(x, x_out, 4));
uint32_t y[16] = {
0x879531e0, 0xc5ecf37d, 0x516461b1, 0xc9a62f8a,
0x44c20ef3, 0x3390af7f, 0xd9fc690b, 0x2a5f714c,
0x53372767, 0xb00a5631, 0x974c541a, 0x359e9963,
0x5c971061, 0x3d631689, 0x2098d9d6, 0x91dbd320 };
uint32_t y_out[16] = {
0x879531e0, 0xc5ecf37d, 0xbdb886dc, 0xc9a62f8a,
0x44c20ef3, 0x3390af7f, 0xd9fc690b, 0xcfacafd2,
0xe46bea80, 0xb00a5631, 0x974c541a, 0x359e9963,
0x5c971061, 0xccc07c79, 0x2098d9d6, 0x91dbd320 };
qround(y, 2, 7, 8, 13);
mi_assert_internal(array_equals(y, y_out, 16));
mi_random_ctx_t r = {
{ 0x61707865, 0x3320646e, 0x79622d32, 0x6b206574,
0x03020100, 0x07060504, 0x0b0a0908, 0x0f0e0d0c,
0x13121110, 0x17161514, 0x1b1a1918, 0x1f1e1d1c,
0x00000001, 0x09000000, 0x4a000000, 0x00000000 },
{0},
0
};
uint32_t r_out[16] = {
0xe4e7f110, 0x15593bd1, 0x1fdd0f50, 0xc47120a3,
0xc7f4d1c7, 0x0368c033, 0x9aaa2204, 0x4e6cd4c3,
0x466482d2, 0x09aa9f07, 0x05d7c214, 0xa2028bd9,
0xd19c12b5, 0xb94e16de, 0xe883d0cb, 0x4e3c50a2 };
chacha_block(&r);
mi_assert_internal(array_equals(r.output, r_out, 16));
}
*/

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<img align="left" width="100" height="100" src="doc/mimalloc-logo.png"/>
[<img align="right" src="https://dev.azure.com/Daan0324/mimalloc/_apis/build/status/microsoft.mimalloc?branchName=dev"/>](https://dev.azure.com/Daan0324/mimalloc/_build?definitionId=1&_a=summary)
# mimalloc
&nbsp;
mimalloc (pronounced "me-malloc")
is a general purpose allocator with excellent [performance](#performance) characteristics.
Initially developed by Daan Leijen for the run-time systems of the
[Koka](https://koka-lang.github.io) and [Lean](https://github.com/leanprover/lean) languages.
Latest release tag: `v2.0.6` (2022-04-14).
Latest stable tag: `v1.7.6` (2022-02-14).
mimalloc is a drop-in replacement for `malloc` and can be used in other programs
without code changes, for example, on dynamically linked ELF-based systems (Linux, BSD, etc.) you can use it as:
```
> LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.so myprogram
```
It also has an easy way to override the default allocator in [Windows](#override_on_windows). Notable aspects of the design include:
- __small and consistent__: the library is about 8k LOC using simple and
consistent data structures. This makes it very suitable
to integrate and adapt in other projects. For runtime systems it
provides hooks for a monotonic _heartbeat_ and deferred freeing (for
bounded worst-case times with reference counting).
- __free list sharding__: instead of one big free list (per size class) we have
many smaller lists per "mimalloc page" which reduces fragmentation and
increases locality --
things that are allocated close in time get allocated close in memory.
(A mimalloc page contains blocks of one size class and is usually 64KiB on a 64-bit system).
- __free list multi-sharding__: the big idea! Not only do we shard the free list
per mimalloc page, but for each page we have multiple free lists. In particular, there
is one list for thread-local `free` operations, and another one for concurrent `free`
operations. Free-ing from another thread can now be a single CAS without needing
sophisticated coordination between threads. Since there will be
thousands of separate free lists, contention is naturally distributed over the heap,
and the chance of contending on a single location will be low -- this is quite
similar to randomized algorithms like skip lists where adding
a random oracle removes the need for a more complex algorithm.
- __eager page reset__: when a "page" becomes empty (with increased chance
due to free list sharding) the memory is marked to the OS as unused ("reset" or "purged")
reducing (real) memory pressure and fragmentation, especially in long running
programs.
- __secure__: _mimalloc_ can be built in secure mode, adding guard pages,
randomized allocation, encrypted free lists, etc. to protect against various
heap vulnerabilities. The performance penalty is usually around 10% on average
over our benchmarks.
- __first-class heaps__: efficiently create and use multiple heaps to allocate across different regions.
A heap can be destroyed at once instead of deallocating each object separately.
- __bounded__: it does not suffer from _blowup_ \[1\], has bounded worst-case allocation
times (_wcat_), bounded space overhead (~0.2% meta-data, with low internal fragmentation),
and has no internal points of contention using only atomic operations.
- __fast__: In our benchmarks (see [below](#performance)),
_mimalloc_ outperforms other leading allocators (_jemalloc_, _tcmalloc_, _Hoard_, etc),
and often uses less memory. A nice property
is that it does consistently well over a wide range of benchmarks. There is also good huge OS page
support for larger server programs.
The [documentation](https://microsoft.github.io/mimalloc) gives a full overview of the API.
You can read more on the design of _mimalloc_ in the [technical report](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/mimalloc-free-list-sharding-in-action) which also has detailed benchmark results.
Enjoy!
### Branches
* `master`: latest stable release (based on `dev-slice`).
* `dev`: development branch for mimalloc v1. Use this branch for submitting PR's.
* `dev-slice`: development branch for mimalloc v2. This branch is downstream of `dev`.
### Releases
Note: the `v2.x` version has a new algorithm for managing internal mimalloc pages that tends to use reduce memory usage
and fragmentation compared to mimalloc `v1.x` (especially for large workloads). Should otherwise have similar performance
(see [below](#performance)); please report if you observe any significant performance regression.
* 2022-04-14, `v1.7.6`, `v2.0.6`: fix fallback path for aligned OS allocation on Windows, improve Windows aligned allocation
even when compiling with older SDK's, fix dynamic overriding on macOS Monterey, fix MSVC C++ dynamic overriding, fix
warnings under Clang 14, improve performance if many OS threads are created and destroyed, fix statistics for large object
allocations, using MIMALLOC_VERBOSE=1 has no maximum on the number of error messages, various small fixes.
* 2022-02-14, `v1.7.5`, `v2.0.5` (alpha): fix malloc override on
Windows 11, fix compilation with musl, potentially reduced
committed memory, add `bin/minject` for Windows,
improved wasm support, faster aligned allocation,
various small fixes.
* 2021-11-14, `v1.7.3`, `v2.0.3` (beta): improved WASM support, improved macOS support and performance (including
M1), improved performance for v2 for large objects, Python integration improvements, more standard
installation directories, various small fixes.
* 2021-06-17, `v1.7.2`, `v2.0.2` (beta): support M1, better installation layout on Linux, fix
thread_id on Android, prefer 2-6TiB area for aligned allocation to work better on pre-windows 8, various small fixes.
* 2021-04-06, `v1.7.1`, `v2.0.1` (beta): fix bug in arena allocation for huge pages, improved aslr on large allocations, initial M1 support (still experimental).
* 2021-01-31, `v2.0.0`: beta release 2.0: new slice algorithm for managing internal mimalloc pages.
* 2021-01-31, `v1.7.0`: stable release 1.7: support explicit user provided memory regions, more precise statistics,
improve macOS overriding, initial support for Apple M1, improved DragonFly support, faster memcpy on Windows, various small fixes.
* [Older release notes](#older-release-notes)
Special thanks to:
* [David Carlier](https://devnexen.blogspot.com/) (@devnexen) for his many contributions, and making
mimalloc work better on many less common operating systems, like Haiku, Dragonfly, etc.
* Mary Feofanova (@mary3000), Evgeniy Moiseenko, and Manuel Pöter (@mpoeter) for making mimalloc TSAN checkable, and finding
memory model bugs using the [genMC] model checker.
* Weipeng Liu (@pongba), Zhuowei Li, Junhua Wang, and Jakub Szymanski, for their early support of mimalloc and deployment
at large scale services, leading to many improvements in the mimalloc algorithms for large workloads.
* Jason Gibson (@jasongibson) for exhaustive testing on large scale workloads and server environments, and finding complex bugs
in (early versions of) `mimalloc`.
* Manuel Pöter (@mpoeter) and Sam Gross(@colesbury) for finding an ABA concurrency issue in abandoned segment reclamation. Sam also created the [no GIL](https://github.com/colesbury/nogil) Python fork which
uses mimalloc internally.
[genMC]: https://plv.mpi-sws.org/genmc/
### Usage
mimalloc is used in various large scale low-latency services and programs, for example:
<a href="https://www.bing.com"><img height="50" align="left" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Bing_logo.svg"></a>
<a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/"><img height="50" align="left" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Microsoft_Azure_Logo.svg"></a>
<a href="https://deathstrandingpc.505games.com"><img height="100" src="doc/ds-logo.png"></a>
<a href="https://docs.unrealengine.com/4.26/en-US/WhatsNew/Builds/ReleaseNotes/4_25/"><img height="100" src="doc/unreal-logo.svg"></a>
<a href="https://cab.spbu.ru/software/spades/"><img height="100" src="doc/spades-logo.png"></a>
# Building
## Windows
Open `ide/vs2019/mimalloc.sln` in Visual Studio 2019 and build.
The `mimalloc` project builds a static library (in `out/msvc-x64`), while the
`mimalloc-override` project builds a DLL for overriding malloc
in the entire program.
## macOS, Linux, BSD, etc.
We use [`cmake`](https://cmake.org)<sup>1</sup> as the build system:
```
> mkdir -p out/release
> cd out/release
> cmake ../..
> make
```
This builds the library as a shared (dynamic)
library (`.so` or `.dylib`), a static library (`.a`), and
as a single object file (`.o`).
`> sudo make install` (install the library and header files in `/usr/local/lib` and `/usr/local/include`)
You can build the debug version which does many internal checks and
maintains detailed statistics as:
```
> mkdir -p out/debug
> cd out/debug
> cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ../..
> make
```
This will name the shared library as `libmimalloc-debug.so`.
Finally, you can build a _secure_ version that uses guard pages, encrypted
free lists, etc., as:
```
> mkdir -p out/secure
> cd out/secure
> cmake -DMI_SECURE=ON ../..
> make
```
This will name the shared library as `libmimalloc-secure.so`.
Use `ccmake`<sup>2</sup> instead of `cmake`
to see and customize all the available build options.
Notes:
1. Install CMake: `sudo apt-get install cmake`
2. Install CCMake: `sudo apt-get install cmake-curses-gui`
## Single source
You can also directly build the single `src/static.c` file as part of your project without
needing `cmake` at all. Make sure to also add the mimalloc `include` directory to the include path.
# Using the library
The preferred usage is including `<mimalloc.h>`, linking with
the shared- or static library, and using the `mi_malloc` API exclusively for allocation. For example,
```
> gcc -o myprogram -lmimalloc myfile.c
```
mimalloc uses only safe OS calls (`mmap` and `VirtualAlloc`) and can co-exist
with other allocators linked to the same program.
If you use `cmake`, you can simply use:
```
find_package(mimalloc 1.4 REQUIRED)
```
in your `CMakeLists.txt` to find a locally installed mimalloc. Then use either:
```
target_link_libraries(myapp PUBLIC mimalloc)
```
to link with the shared (dynamic) library, or:
```
target_link_libraries(myapp PUBLIC mimalloc-static)
```
to link with the static library. See `test\CMakeLists.txt` for an example.
For best performance in C++ programs, it is also recommended to override the
global `new` and `delete` operators. For convience, mimalloc provides
[`mimalloc-new-delete.h`](https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc/blob/master/include/mimalloc-new-delete.h) which does this for you -- just include it in a single(!) source file in your project.
In C++, mimalloc also provides the `mi_stl_allocator` struct which implements the `std::allocator`
interface.
You can pass environment variables to print verbose messages (`MIMALLOC_VERBOSE=1`)
and statistics (`MIMALLOC_SHOW_STATS=1`) (in the debug version):
```
> env MIMALLOC_SHOW_STATS=1 ./cfrac 175451865205073170563711388363
175451865205073170563711388363 = 374456281610909315237213 * 468551
heap stats: peak total freed unit
normal 2: 16.4 kb 17.5 mb 17.5 mb 16 b ok
normal 3: 16.3 kb 15.2 mb 15.2 mb 24 b ok
normal 4: 64 b 4.6 kb 4.6 kb 32 b ok
normal 5: 80 b 118.4 kb 118.4 kb 40 b ok
normal 6: 48 b 48 b 48 b 48 b ok
normal 17: 960 b 960 b 960 b 320 b ok
heap stats: peak total freed unit
normal: 33.9 kb 32.8 mb 32.8 mb 1 b ok
huge: 0 b 0 b 0 b 1 b ok
total: 33.9 kb 32.8 mb 32.8 mb 1 b ok
malloc requested: 32.8 mb
committed: 58.2 kb 58.2 kb 58.2 kb 1 b ok
reserved: 2.0 mb 2.0 mb 2.0 mb 1 b ok
reset: 0 b 0 b 0 b 1 b ok
segments: 1 1 1
-abandoned: 0
pages: 6 6 6
-abandoned: 0
mmaps: 3
mmap fast: 0
mmap slow: 1
threads: 0
elapsed: 2.022s
process: user: 1.781s, system: 0.016s, faults: 756, reclaims: 0, rss: 2.7 mb
```
The above model of using the `mi_` prefixed API is not always possible
though in existing programs that already use the standard malloc interface,
and another option is to override the standard malloc interface
completely and redirect all calls to the _mimalloc_ library instead .
## Environment Options
You can set further options either programmatically (using [`mi_option_set`](https://microsoft.github.io/mimalloc/group__options.html)),
or via environment variables:
- `MIMALLOC_SHOW_STATS=1`: show statistics when the program terminates.
- `MIMALLOC_VERBOSE=1`: show verbose messages.
- `MIMALLOC_SHOW_ERRORS=1`: show error and warning messages.
- `MIMALLOC_PAGE_RESET=0`: by default, mimalloc will reset (or purge) OS pages that are not in use, to signal to the OS
that the underlying physical memory can be reused. This can reduce memory fragmentation in long running (server)
programs. By setting it to `0` this will no longer be done which can improve performance for batch-like programs.
As an alternative, the `MIMALLOC_RESET_DELAY=`<msecs> can be set higher (100ms by default) to make the page
reset occur less frequently instead of turning it off completely.
- `MIMALLOC_USE_NUMA_NODES=N`: pretend there are at most `N` NUMA nodes. If not set, the actual NUMA nodes are detected
at runtime. Setting `N` to 1 may avoid problems in some virtual environments. Also, setting it to a lower number than
the actual NUMA nodes is fine and will only cause threads to potentially allocate more memory across actual NUMA
nodes (but this can happen in any case as NUMA local allocation is always a best effort but not guaranteed).
- `MIMALLOC_LARGE_OS_PAGES=1`: use large OS pages (2MiB) when available; for some workloads this can significantly
improve performance. Use `MIMALLOC_VERBOSE` to check if the large OS pages are enabled -- usually one needs
to explicitly allow large OS pages (as on [Windows][windows-huge] and [Linux][linux-huge]). However, sometimes
the OS is very slow to reserve contiguous physical memory for large OS pages so use with care on systems that
can have fragmented memory (for that reason, we generally recommend to use `MIMALLOC_RESERVE_HUGE_OS_PAGES` instead whenever possible).
<!--
- `MIMALLOC_EAGER_REGION_COMMIT=1`: on Windows, commit large (256MiB) regions eagerly. On Windows, these regions
show in the working set even though usually just a small part is committed to physical memory. This is why it
turned off by default on Windows as it looks not good in the task manager. However, turning it on has no
real drawbacks and may improve performance by a little.
-->
- `MIMALLOC_RESERVE_HUGE_OS_PAGES=N`: where N is the number of 1GiB _huge_ OS pages. This reserves the huge pages at
startup and sometimes this can give a large (latency) performance improvement on big workloads.
Usually it is better to not use
`MIMALLOC_LARGE_OS_PAGES` in combination with this setting. Just like large OS pages, use with care as reserving
contiguous physical memory can take a long time when memory is fragmented (but reserving the huge pages is done at
startup only once).
Note that we usually need to explicitly enable huge OS pages (as on [Windows][windows-huge] and [Linux][linux-huge])).
With huge OS pages, it may be beneficial to set the setting
`MIMALLOC_EAGER_COMMIT_DELAY=N` (`N` is 1 by default) to delay the initial `N` segments (of 4MiB)
of a thread to not allocate in the huge OS pages; this prevents threads that are short lived
and allocate just a little to take up space in the huge OS page area (which cannot be reset).
The huge pages are usually allocated evenly among NUMA nodes.
We can use `MIMALLOC_RESERVE_HUGE_OS_PAGES_AT=N` where `N` is the numa node (starting at 0) to allocate all
the huge pages at a specific numa node instead.
Use caution when using `fork` in combination with either large or huge OS pages: on a fork, the OS uses copy-on-write
for all pages in the original process including the huge OS pages. When any memory is now written in that area, the
OS will copy the entire 1GiB huge page (or 2MiB large page) which can cause the memory usage to grow in large increments.
[linux-huge]: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/5/html/tuning_and_optimizing_red_hat_enterprise_linux_for_oracle_9i_and_10g_databases/sect-oracle_9i_and_10g_tuning_guide-large_memory_optimization_big_pages_and_huge_pages-configuring_huge_pages_in_red_hat_enterprise_linux_4_or_5
[windows-huge]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/database-engine/configure-windows/enable-the-lock-pages-in-memory-option-windows?view=sql-server-2017
## Secure Mode
_mimalloc_ can be build in secure mode by using the `-DMI_SECURE=ON` flags in `cmake`. This build enables various mitigations
to make mimalloc more robust against exploits. In particular:
- All internal mimalloc pages are surrounded by guard pages and the heap metadata is behind a guard page as well (so a buffer overflow
exploit cannot reach into the metadata).
- All free list pointers are
[encoded](https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc/blob/783e3377f79ee82af43a0793910a9f2d01ac7863/include/mimalloc-internal.h#L396)
with per-page keys which is used both to prevent overwrites with a known pointer, as well as to detect heap corruption.
- Double free's are detected (and ignored).
- The free lists are initialized in a random order and allocation randomly chooses between extension and reuse within a page to
mitigate against attacks that rely on a predicable allocation order. Similarly, the larger heap blocks allocated by mimalloc
from the OS are also address randomized.
As always, evaluate with care as part of an overall security strategy as all of the above are mitigations but not guarantees.
## Debug Mode
When _mimalloc_ is built using debug mode, various checks are done at runtime to catch development errors.
- Statistics are maintained in detail for each object size. They can be shown using `MIMALLOC_SHOW_STATS=1` at runtime.
- All objects have padding at the end to detect (byte precise) heap block overflows.
- Double free's, and freeing invalid heap pointers are detected.
- Corrupted free-lists and some forms of use-after-free are detected.
# Overriding Standard Malloc
Overriding the standard `malloc` (and `new`) can be done either _dynamically_ or _statically_.
## Dynamic override
This is the recommended way to override the standard malloc interface.
### Override on Linux, BSD
On these ELF-based systems we preload the mimalloc shared
library so all calls to the standard `malloc` interface are
resolved to the _mimalloc_ library.
```
> env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.so myprogram
```
You can set extra environment variables to check that mimalloc is running,
like:
```
> env MIMALLOC_VERBOSE=1 LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.so myprogram
```
or run with the debug version to get detailed statistics:
```
> env MIMALLOC_SHOW_STATS=1 LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libmimalloc-debug.so myprogram
```
### Override on MacOS
On macOS we can also preload the mimalloc shared
library so all calls to the standard `malloc` interface are
resolved to the _mimalloc_ library.
```
> env DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=/usr/lib/libmimalloc.dylib myprogram
```
Note that certain security restrictions may apply when doing this from
the [shell](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43941322/dyld-insert-libraries-ignored-when-calling-application-through-bash).
### Override on Windows
<span id="override_on_windows">Overriding on Windows</span> is robust and has the
particular advantage to be able to redirect all malloc/free calls that go through
the (dynamic) C runtime allocator, including those from other DLL's or libraries.
The overriding on Windows requires that you link your program explicitly with
the mimalloc DLL and use the C-runtime library as a DLL (using the `/MD` or `/MDd` switch).
Also, the `mimalloc-redirect.dll` (or `mimalloc-redirect32.dll`) must be put
in the same folder as the main `mimalloc-override.dll` at runtime (as it is a dependency).
The redirection DLL ensures that all calls to the C runtime malloc API get redirected to
mimalloc (in `mimalloc-override.dll`).
To ensure the mimalloc DLL is loaded at run-time it is easiest to insert some
call to the mimalloc API in the `main` function, like `mi_version()`
(or use the `/INCLUDE:mi_version` switch on the linker). See the `mimalloc-override-test` project
for an example on how to use this. For best performance on Windows with C++, it
is also recommended to also override the `new`/`delete` operations (by including
[`mimalloc-new-delete.h`](https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc/blob/master/include/mimalloc-new-delete.h) a single(!) source file in your project).
The environment variable `MIMALLOC_DISABLE_REDIRECT=1` can be used to disable dynamic
overriding at run-time. Use `MIMALLOC_VERBOSE=1` to check if mimalloc was successfully redirected.
(Note: in principle, it is possible to even patch existing executables without any recompilation
if they are linked with the dynamic C runtime (`ucrtbase.dll`) -- just put the `mimalloc-override.dll`
into the import table (and put `mimalloc-redirect.dll` in the same folder)
Such patching can be done for example with [CFF Explorer](https://ntcore.com/?page_id=388)).
## Static override
On Unix-like systems, you can also statically link with _mimalloc_ to override the standard
malloc interface. The recommended way is to link the final program with the
_mimalloc_ single object file (`mimalloc-override.o`). We use
an object file instead of a library file as linkers give preference to
that over archives to resolve symbols. To ensure that the standard
malloc interface resolves to the _mimalloc_ library, link it as the first
object file. For example:
```
> gcc -o myprogram mimalloc-override.o myfile1.c ...
```
Another way to override statically that works on all platforms, is to
link statically to mimalloc (as shown in the introduction) and include a
header file in each source file that re-defines `malloc` etc. to `mi_malloc`.
This is provided by [`mimalloc-override.h`](https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc/blob/master/include/mimalloc-override.h). This only works reliably though if all sources are
under your control or otherwise mixing of pointers from different heaps may occur!
# Performance
Last update: 2021-01-30
We tested _mimalloc_ against many other top allocators over a wide
range of benchmarks, ranging from various real world programs to
synthetic benchmarks that see how the allocator behaves under more
extreme circumstances. In our benchmark suite, _mimalloc_ outperforms other leading
allocators (_jemalloc_, _tcmalloc_, _Hoard_, etc), and has a similar memory footprint. A nice property is that it
does consistently well over the wide range of benchmarks.
General memory allocators are interesting as there exists no algorithm that is
optimal -- for a given allocator one can usually construct a workload
where it does not do so well. The goal is thus to find an allocation
strategy that performs well over a wide range of benchmarks without
suffering from (too much) underperformance in less common situations.
As always, interpret these results with care since some benchmarks test synthetic
or uncommon situations that may never apply to your workloads. For example, most
allocators do not do well on `xmalloc-testN` but that includes even the best
industrial allocators like _jemalloc_ and _tcmalloc_ that are used in some of
the world's largest systems (like Chrome or FreeBSD).
Also, the benchmarks here do not measure the behaviour on very large and long-running server workloads,
or worst-case latencies of allocation. Much work has gone into `mimalloc` to work well on such
workloads (for example, to reduce virtual memory fragmentation on long-running services)
but such optimizations are not always reflected in the current benchmark suite.
We show here only an overview -- for
more specific details and further benchmarks we refer to the
[technical report](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/mimalloc-free-list-sharding-in-action).
The benchmark suite is automated and available separately
as [mimalloc-bench](https://github.com/daanx/mimalloc-bench).
## Benchmark Results on a 16-core AMD 5950x (Zen3)
Testing on the 16-core AMD 5950x processor at 3.4Ghz (4.9Ghz boost), with
with 32GiB memory at 3600Mhz, running Ubuntu 20.04 with glibc 2.31 and GCC 9.3.0.
We measure three versions of _mimalloc_: the main version `mi` (tag:v1.7.0),
the new v2.0 beta version as `xmi` (tag:v2.0.0), and the main version in secure mode as `smi` (tag:v1.7.0).
The other allocators are
Google's [_tcmalloc_](https://github.com/gperftools/gperftools) (`tc`, tag:gperftools-2.8.1) used in Chrome,
Facebook's [_jemalloc_](https://github.com/jemalloc/jemalloc) (`je`, tag:5.2.1) by Jason Evans used in Firefox and FreeBSD,
the Intel thread building blocks [allocator](https://github.com/intel/tbb) (`tbb`, tag:v2020.3),
[rpmalloc](https://github.com/mjansson/rpmalloc) (`rp`,tag:1.4.1) by Mattias Jansson,
the original scalable [_Hoard_](https://github.com/emeryberger/Hoard) (git:d880f72) allocator by Emery Berger \[1],
the memory compacting [_Mesh_](https://github.com/plasma-umass/Mesh) (git:67ff31a) allocator by
Bobby Powers _et al_ \[8],
and finally the default system allocator (`glibc`, 2.31) (based on _PtMalloc2_).
<img width="90%" src="doc/bench-2021/bench-amd5950x-2021-01-30-a.svg"/>
<img width="90%" src="doc/bench-2021/bench-amd5950x-2021-01-30-b.svg"/>
Any benchmarks ending in `N` run on all 32 logical cores in parallel.
Results are averaged over 10 runs and reported relative
to mimalloc (where 1.2 means it took 1.2&times; longer to run).
The legend also contains the _overall relative score_ between the
allocators where 100 points is the maximum if an allocator is fastest on
all benchmarks.
The single threaded _cfrac_ benchmark by Dave Barrett is an implementation of
continued fraction factorization which uses many small short-lived allocations.
All allocators do well on such common usage, where _mimalloc_ is just a tad
faster than _tcmalloc_ and
_jemalloc_.
The _leanN_ program is interesting as a large realistic and
concurrent workload of the [Lean](https://github.com/leanprover/lean)
theorem prover compiling its own standard library, and there is a 13%
speedup over _tcmalloc_. This is
quite significant: if Lean spends 20% of its time in the
allocator that means that _mimalloc_ is 1.6&times; faster than _tcmalloc_
here. (This is surprising as that is not measured in a pure
allocation benchmark like _alloc-test_. We conjecture that we see this
outsized improvement here because _mimalloc_ has better locality in
the allocation which improves performance for the *other* computations
in a program as well).
The single threaded _redis_ benchmark again show that most allocators do well on such workloads.
The _larsonN_ server benchmark by Larson and Krishnan \[2] allocates and frees between threads. They observed this
behavior (which they call _bleeding_) in actual server applications, and the benchmark simulates this.
Here, _mimalloc_ is quite a bit faster than _tcmalloc_ and _jemalloc_ probably due to the object migration between different threads.
The _mstressN_ workload performs many allocations and re-allocations,
and migrates objects between threads (as in _larsonN_). However, it also
creates and destroys the _N_ worker threads a few times keeping some objects
alive beyond the life time of the allocating thread. We observed this
behavior in many larger server applications.
The [_rptestN_](https://github.com/mjansson/rpmalloc-benchmark) benchmark
by Mattias Jansson is a allocator test originally designed
for _rpmalloc_, and tries to simulate realistic allocation patterns over
multiple threads. Here the differences between allocators become more apparent.
The second benchmark set tests specific aspects of the allocators and
shows even more extreme differences between them.
The _alloc-test_, by
[OLogN Technologies AG](http://ithare.com/testing-memory-allocators-ptmalloc2-tcmalloc-hoard-jemalloc-while-trying-to-simulate-real-world-loads/), is a very allocation intensive benchmark doing millions of
allocations in various size classes. The test is scaled such that when an
allocator performs almost identically on _alloc-test1_ as _alloc-testN_ it
means that it scales linearly.
The _sh6bench_ and _sh8bench_ benchmarks are
developed by [MicroQuill](http://www.microquill.com/) as part of SmartHeap.
In _sh6bench_ _mimalloc_ does much
better than the others (more than 2.5&times; faster than _jemalloc_).
We cannot explain this well but believe it is
caused in part by the "reverse" free-ing pattern in _sh6bench_.
The _sh8bench_ is a variation with object migration
between threads; whereas _tcmalloc_ did well on _sh6bench_, the addition of object migration causes it to be 10&times; slower than before.
The _xmalloc-testN_ benchmark by Lever and Boreham \[5] and Christian Eder, simulates an asymmetric workload where
some threads only allocate, and others only free -- they observed this pattern in
larger server applications. Here we see that
the _mimalloc_ technique of having non-contended sharded thread free
lists pays off as it outperforms others by a very large margin. Only _rpmalloc_, _tbb_, and _glibc_ also scale well on this benchmark.
The _cache-scratch_ benchmark by Emery Berger \[1], and introduced with
the Hoard allocator to test for _passive-false_ sharing of cache lines.
With a single thread they all
perform the same, but when running with multiple threads the potential allocator
induced false sharing of the cache lines can cause large run-time differences.
Crundal \[6] describes in detail why the false cache line sharing occurs in the _tcmalloc_ design, and also discusses how this
can be avoided with some small implementation changes.
Only the _tbb_, _rpmalloc_ and _mesh_ allocators also avoid the
cache line sharing completely, while _Hoard_ and _glibc_ seem to mitigate
the effects. Kukanov and Voss \[7] describe in detail
how the design of _tbb_ avoids the false cache line sharing.
## On a 36-core Intel Xeon
For completeness, here are the results on a big Amazon
[c5.18xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/#Compute_Optimized) instance
consisting of a 2&times;18-core Intel Xeon (Cascade Lake) at 3.4GHz (boost 3.5GHz)
with 144GiB ECC memory, running Ubuntu 20.04 with glibc 2.31, GCC 9.3.0, and
Clang 10.0.0. This time, the mimalloc allocators (mi, xmi, and smi) were
compiled with the Clang compiler instead of GCC.
The results are similar to the AMD results but it is interesting to
see the differences in the _larsonN_, _mstressN_, and _xmalloc-testN_ benchmarks.
<img width="90%" src="doc/bench-2021/bench-c5-18xlarge-2021-01-30-a.svg"/>
<img width="90%" src="doc/bench-2021/bench-c5-18xlarge-2021-01-30-b.svg"/>
## Peak Working Set
The following figure shows the peak working set (rss) of the allocators
on the benchmarks (on the c5.18xlarge instance).
<img width="90%" src="doc/bench-2021/bench-c5-18xlarge-2021-01-30-rss-a.svg"/>
<img width="90%" src="doc/bench-2021/bench-c5-18xlarge-2021-01-30-rss-b.svg"/>
Note that the _xmalloc-testN_ memory usage should be disregarded as it
allocates more the faster the program runs. Similarly, memory usage of
_larsonN_, _mstressN_, _rptestN_ and _sh8bench_ can vary depending on scheduling and
speed. Nevertheless, we hope to improve the memory usage on _mstressN_
and _rptestN_ (just as _cfrac_, _larsonN_ and _sh8bench_ have a small working set which skews the results).
<!--
# Previous Benchmarks
Todo: should we create a separate page for this?
## Benchmark Results on 36-core Intel: 2020-01-20
Testing on a big Amazon EC2 compute instance
([c5.18xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/#Compute_Optimized))
consisting of a 72 processor Intel Xeon at 3GHz
with 144GiB ECC memory, running Ubuntu 18.04.1 with glibc 2.27 and GCC 7.4.0.
The measured allocators are _mimalloc_ (xmi, tag:v1.4.0, page reset enabled)
and its secure build as _smi_,
Google's [_tcmalloc_](https://github.com/gperftools/gperftools) (tc, tag:gperftools-2.7) used in Chrome,
Facebook's [_jemalloc_](https://github.com/jemalloc/jemalloc) (je, tag:5.2.1) by Jason Evans used in Firefox and FreeBSD,
the Intel thread building blocks [allocator](https://github.com/intel/tbb) (tbb, tag:2020),
[rpmalloc](https://github.com/mjansson/rpmalloc) (rp,tag:1.4.0) by Mattias Jansson,
the original scalable [_Hoard_](https://github.com/emeryberger/Hoard) (tag:3.13) allocator by Emery Berger \[1],
the memory compacting [_Mesh_](https://github.com/plasma-umass/Mesh) (git:51222e7) allocator by
Bobby Powers _et al_ \[8],
and finally the default system allocator (glibc, 2.27) (based on _PtMalloc2_).
<img width="90%" src="doc/bench-2020/bench-c5-18xlarge-2020-01-20-a.svg"/>
<img width="90%" src="doc/bench-2020/bench-c5-18xlarge-2020-01-20-b.svg"/>
The following figure shows the peak working set (rss) of the allocators
on the benchmarks (on the c5.18xlarge instance).
<img width="90%" src="doc/bench-2020/bench-c5-18xlarge-2020-01-20-rss-a.svg"/>
<img width="90%" src="doc/bench-2020/bench-c5-18xlarge-2020-01-20-rss-b.svg"/>
## On 24-core AMD Epyc, 2020-01-16
For completeness, here are the results on a
[r5a.12xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/#Memory_Optimized) instance
having a 48 processor AMD Epyc 7000 at 2.5GHz with 384GiB of memory.
The results are similar to the Intel results but it is interesting to
see the differences in the _larsonN_, _mstressN_, and _xmalloc-testN_ benchmarks.
<img width="90%" src="doc/bench-2020/bench-r5a-12xlarge-2020-01-16-a.svg"/>
<img width="90%" src="doc/bench-2020/bench-r5a-12xlarge-2020-01-16-b.svg"/>
-->
# References
- \[1] Emery D. Berger, Kathryn S. McKinley, Robert D. Blumofe, and Paul R. Wilson.
_Hoard: A Scalable Memory Allocator for Multithreaded Applications_
the Ninth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS-IX). Cambridge, MA, November 2000.
[pdf](http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mckinley/papers/asplos-2000.pdf)
- \[2] P. Larson and M. Krishnan. _Memory allocation for long-running server applications_.
In ISMM, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 1998. [pdf](http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.45.1947&rep=rep1&type=pdf)
- \[3] D. Grunwald, B. Zorn, and R. Henderson.
_Improving the cache locality of memory allocation_. In R. Cartwright, editor,
Proceedings of the Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, pages 177–186, New York, NY, USA, June 1993. [pdf](http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.43.6621&rep=rep1&type=pdf)
- \[4] J. Barnes and P. Hut. _A hierarchical O(n*log(n)) force-calculation algorithm_. Nature, 324:446-449, 1986.
- \[5] C. Lever, and D. Boreham. _Malloc() Performance in a Multithreaded Linux Environment._
In USENIX Annual Technical Conference, Freenix Session. San Diego, CA. Jun. 2000.
Available at <https://github.com/kuszmaul/SuperMalloc/tree/master/tests>
- \[6] Timothy Crundal. _Reducing Active-False Sharing in TCMalloc_. 2016. CS16S1 project at the Australian National University. [pdf](http://courses.cecs.anu.edu.au/courses/CSPROJECTS/16S1/Reports/Timothy_Crundal_Report.pdf)
- \[7] Alexey Kukanov, and Michael J Voss.
_The Foundations for Scalable Multi-Core Software in Intel Threading Building Blocks._
Intel Technology Journal 11 (4). 2007
- \[8] Bobby Powers, David Tench, Emery D. Berger, and Andrew McGregor.
_Mesh: Compacting Memory Management for C/C++_
In Proceedings of the 40th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI'19), June 2019, pages 333-–346.
<!--
- \[9] Paul Liétar, Theodore Butler, Sylvan Clebsch, Sophia Drossopoulou, Juliana Franco, Matthew J Parkinson,
Alex Shamis, Christoph M Wintersteiger, and David Chisnall.
_Snmalloc: A Message Passing Allocator._
In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGPLAN International Symposium on Memory Management, 122–135. ACM. 2019.
-->
# Contributing
This project welcomes contributions and suggestions. Most contributions require you to agree to a
Contributor License Agreement (CLA) declaring that you have the right to, and actually do, grant us
the rights to use your contribution. For details, visit https://cla.microsoft.com.
When you submit a pull request, a CLA-bot will automatically determine whether you need to provide
a CLA and decorate the PR appropriately (e.g., label, comment). Simply follow the instructions
provided by the bot. You will only need to do this once across all repos using our CLA.
# Older Release Notes
* 2020-09-24, `v1.6.7`: stable release 1.6: using standard C atomics, passing tsan testing, improved
handling of failing to commit on Windows, add [`mi_process_info`](https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc/blob/master/include/mimalloc.h#L156) api call.
* 2020-08-06, `v1.6.4`: stable release 1.6: improved error recovery in low-memory situations,
support for IllumOS and Haiku, NUMA support for Vista/XP, improved NUMA detection for AMD Ryzen, ubsan support.
* 2020-05-05, `v1.6.3`: stable release 1.6: improved behavior in out-of-memory situations, improved malloc zones on macOS,
build PIC static libraries by default, add option to abort on out-of-memory, line buffered statistics.
* 2020-04-20, `v1.6.2`: stable release 1.6: fix compilation on Android, MingW, Raspberry, and Conda,
stability fix for Windows 7, fix multiple mimalloc instances in one executable, fix `strnlen` overload,
fix aligned debug padding.
* 2020-02-17, `v1.6.1`: stable release 1.6: minor updates (build with clang-cl, fix alignment issue for small objects).
* 2020-02-09, `v1.6.0`: stable release 1.6: fixed potential memory leak, improved overriding
and thread local support on FreeBSD, NetBSD, DragonFly, and macOSX. New byte-precise
heap block overflow detection in debug mode (besides the double-free detection and free-list
corruption detection). Add `nodiscard` attribute to most allocation functions.
Enable `MIMALLOC_PAGE_RESET` by default. New reclamation strategy for abandoned heap pages
for better memory footprint.
* 2020-02-09, `v1.5.0`: stable release 1.5: improved free performance, small bug fixes.
* 2020-01-22, `v1.4.0`: stable release 1.4: improved performance for delayed OS page reset,
more eager concurrent free, addition of STL allocator, fixed potential memory leak.
* 2020-01-15, `v1.3.0`: stable release 1.3: bug fixes, improved randomness and [stronger
free list encoding](https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc/blob/783e3377f79ee82af43a0793910a9f2d01ac7863/include/mimalloc-internal.h#L396) in secure mode.
* 2019-12-22, `v1.2.2`: stable release 1.2: minor updates.
* 2019-11-22, `v1.2.0`: stable release 1.2: bug fixes, improved secure mode (free list corruption checks, double free mitigation). Improved dynamic overriding on Windows.
* 2019-10-07, `v1.1.0`: stable release 1.1.
* 2019-09-01, `v1.0.8`: pre-release 8: more robust windows dynamic overriding, initial huge page support.
* 2019-08-10, `v1.0.6`: pre-release 6: various performance improvements.

360
compat/mimalloc/segment-cache.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2020, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Implements a cache of segments to avoid expensive OS calls and to reuse
the commit_mask to optimize the commit/decommit calls.
The full memory map of all segments is also implemented here.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "mimalloc.h"
#include "mimalloc-internal.h"
#include "mimalloc-atomic.h"
#include "bitmap.h" // atomic bitmap
//#define MI_CACHE_DISABLE 1 // define to completely disable the segment cache
#define MI_CACHE_FIELDS (16)
#define MI_CACHE_MAX (MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS*MI_CACHE_FIELDS) // 1024 on 64-bit
#define BITS_SET() MI_ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(UINTPTR_MAX)
#define MI_CACHE_BITS_SET MI_INIT16(BITS_SET) // note: update if MI_CACHE_FIELDS changes
typedef struct mi_cache_slot_s {
void* p;
size_t memid;
bool is_pinned;
mi_commit_mask_t commit_mask;
mi_commit_mask_t decommit_mask;
_Atomic(mi_msecs_t) expire;
} mi_cache_slot_t;
static mi_decl_cache_align mi_cache_slot_t cache[MI_CACHE_MAX]; // = 0
static mi_decl_cache_align mi_bitmap_field_t cache_available[MI_CACHE_FIELDS] = { MI_CACHE_BITS_SET }; // zero bit = available!
static mi_decl_cache_align mi_bitmap_field_t cache_available_large[MI_CACHE_FIELDS] = { MI_CACHE_BITS_SET };
static mi_decl_cache_align mi_bitmap_field_t cache_inuse[MI_CACHE_FIELDS]; // zero bit = free
mi_decl_noinline void* _mi_segment_cache_pop(size_t size, mi_commit_mask_t* commit_mask, mi_commit_mask_t* decommit_mask, bool* large, bool* is_pinned, bool* is_zero, size_t* memid, mi_os_tld_t* tld)
{
#ifdef MI_CACHE_DISABLE
return NULL;
#else
// only segment blocks
if (size != MI_SEGMENT_SIZE) return NULL;
// numa node determines start field
const int numa_node = _mi_os_numa_node(tld);
size_t start_field = 0;
if (numa_node > 0) {
start_field = (MI_CACHE_FIELDS / _mi_os_numa_node_count())*numa_node;
if (start_field >= MI_CACHE_FIELDS) start_field = 0;
}
// find an available slot
mi_bitmap_index_t bitidx = 0;
bool claimed = false;
if (*large) { // large allowed?
claimed = _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim(cache_available_large, MI_CACHE_FIELDS, start_field, 1, &bitidx);
if (claimed) *large = true;
}
if (!claimed) {
claimed = _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim(cache_available, MI_CACHE_FIELDS, start_field, 1, &bitidx);
if (claimed) *large = false;
}
if (!claimed) return NULL;
// found a slot
mi_cache_slot_t* slot = &cache[mi_bitmap_index_bit(bitidx)];
void* p = slot->p;
*memid = slot->memid;
*is_pinned = slot->is_pinned;
*is_zero = false;
*commit_mask = slot->commit_mask;
*decommit_mask = slot->decommit_mask;
slot->p = NULL;
mi_atomic_storei64_release(&slot->expire,(mi_msecs_t)0);
// mark the slot as free again
mi_assert_internal(_mi_bitmap_is_claimed(cache_inuse, MI_CACHE_FIELDS, 1, bitidx));
_mi_bitmap_unclaim(cache_inuse, MI_CACHE_FIELDS, 1, bitidx);
return p;
#endif
}
static mi_decl_noinline void mi_commit_mask_decommit(mi_commit_mask_t* cmask, void* p, size_t total, mi_stats_t* stats)
{
if (mi_commit_mask_is_empty(cmask)) {
// nothing
}
else if (mi_commit_mask_is_full(cmask)) {
_mi_os_decommit(p, total, stats);
}
else {
// todo: one call to decommit the whole at once?
mi_assert_internal((total%MI_COMMIT_MASK_BITS)==0);
size_t part = total/MI_COMMIT_MASK_BITS;
size_t idx;
size_t count;
mi_commit_mask_foreach(cmask, idx, count) {
void* start = (uint8_t*)p + (idx*part);
size_t size = count*part;
_mi_os_decommit(start, size, stats);
}
mi_commit_mask_foreach_end()
}
mi_commit_mask_create_empty(cmask);
}
#define MI_MAX_PURGE_PER_PUSH (4)
static mi_decl_noinline void mi_segment_cache_purge(bool force, mi_os_tld_t* tld)
{
MI_UNUSED(tld);
if (!mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_allow_decommit)) return;
mi_msecs_t now = _mi_clock_now();
size_t purged = 0;
const size_t max_visits = (force ? MI_CACHE_MAX /* visit all */ : MI_CACHE_FIELDS /* probe at most N (=16) slots */);
size_t idx = (force ? 0 : _mi_random_shuffle((uintptr_t)now) % MI_CACHE_MAX /* random start */ );
for (size_t visited = 0; visited < max_visits; visited++,idx++) { // visit N slots
if (idx >= MI_CACHE_MAX) idx = 0; // wrap
mi_cache_slot_t* slot = &cache[idx];
mi_msecs_t expire = mi_atomic_loadi64_relaxed(&slot->expire);
if (expire != 0 && (force || now >= expire)) { // racy read
// seems expired, first claim it from available
purged++;
mi_bitmap_index_t bitidx = mi_bitmap_index_create_from_bit(idx);
if (_mi_bitmap_claim(cache_available, MI_CACHE_FIELDS, 1, bitidx, NULL)) {
// was available, we claimed it
expire = mi_atomic_loadi64_acquire(&slot->expire);
if (expire != 0 && (force || now >= expire)) { // safe read
// still expired, decommit it
mi_atomic_storei64_relaxed(&slot->expire,(mi_msecs_t)0);
mi_assert_internal(!mi_commit_mask_is_empty(&slot->commit_mask) && _mi_bitmap_is_claimed(cache_available_large, MI_CACHE_FIELDS, 1, bitidx));
_mi_abandoned_await_readers(); // wait until safe to decommit
// decommit committed parts
// TODO: instead of decommit, we could also free to the OS?
mi_commit_mask_decommit(&slot->commit_mask, slot->p, MI_SEGMENT_SIZE, tld->stats);
mi_commit_mask_create_empty(&slot->decommit_mask);
}
_mi_bitmap_unclaim(cache_available, MI_CACHE_FIELDS, 1, bitidx); // make it available again for a pop
}
if (!force && purged > MI_MAX_PURGE_PER_PUSH) break; // bound to no more than N purge tries per push
}
}
}
void _mi_segment_cache_collect(bool force, mi_os_tld_t* tld) {
mi_segment_cache_purge(force, tld );
}
mi_decl_noinline bool _mi_segment_cache_push(void* start, size_t size, size_t memid, const mi_commit_mask_t* commit_mask, const mi_commit_mask_t* decommit_mask, bool is_large, bool is_pinned, mi_os_tld_t* tld)
{
#ifdef MI_CACHE_DISABLE
return false;
#else
// only for normal segment blocks
if (size != MI_SEGMENT_SIZE || ((uintptr_t)start % MI_SEGMENT_ALIGN) != 0) return false;
// numa node determines start field
int numa_node = _mi_os_numa_node(NULL);
size_t start_field = 0;
if (numa_node > 0) {
start_field = (MI_CACHE_FIELDS / _mi_os_numa_node_count())*numa_node;
if (start_field >= MI_CACHE_FIELDS) start_field = 0;
}
// purge expired entries
mi_segment_cache_purge(false /* force? */, tld);
// find an available slot
mi_bitmap_index_t bitidx;
bool claimed = _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim(cache_inuse, MI_CACHE_FIELDS, start_field, 1, &bitidx);
if (!claimed) return false;
mi_assert_internal(_mi_bitmap_is_claimed(cache_available, MI_CACHE_FIELDS, 1, bitidx));
mi_assert_internal(_mi_bitmap_is_claimed(cache_available_large, MI_CACHE_FIELDS, 1, bitidx));
#if MI_DEBUG>1
if (is_pinned || is_large) {
mi_assert_internal(mi_commit_mask_is_full(commit_mask));
}
#endif
// set the slot
mi_cache_slot_t* slot = &cache[mi_bitmap_index_bit(bitidx)];
slot->p = start;
slot->memid = memid;
slot->is_pinned = is_pinned;
mi_atomic_storei64_relaxed(&slot->expire,(mi_msecs_t)0);
slot->commit_mask = *commit_mask;
slot->decommit_mask = *decommit_mask;
if (!mi_commit_mask_is_empty(commit_mask) && !is_large && !is_pinned && mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_allow_decommit)) {
long delay = mi_option_get(mi_option_segment_decommit_delay);
if (delay == 0) {
_mi_abandoned_await_readers(); // wait until safe to decommit
mi_commit_mask_decommit(&slot->commit_mask, start, MI_SEGMENT_SIZE, tld->stats);
mi_commit_mask_create_empty(&slot->decommit_mask);
}
else {
mi_atomic_storei64_release(&slot->expire, _mi_clock_now() + delay);
}
}
// make it available
_mi_bitmap_unclaim((is_large ? cache_available_large : cache_available), MI_CACHE_FIELDS, 1, bitidx);
return true;
#endif
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
The following functions are to reliably find the segment or
block that encompasses any pointer p (or NULL if it is not
in any of our segments).
We maintain a bitmap of all memory with 1 bit per MI_SEGMENT_SIZE (64MiB)
set to 1 if it contains the segment meta data.
----------------------------------------------------------- */
#if (MI_INTPTR_SIZE==8)
#define MI_MAX_ADDRESS ((size_t)20 << 40) // 20TB
#else
#define MI_MAX_ADDRESS ((size_t)2 << 30) // 2Gb
#endif
#define MI_SEGMENT_MAP_BITS (MI_MAX_ADDRESS / MI_SEGMENT_SIZE)
#define MI_SEGMENT_MAP_SIZE (MI_SEGMENT_MAP_BITS / 8)
#define MI_SEGMENT_MAP_WSIZE (MI_SEGMENT_MAP_SIZE / MI_INTPTR_SIZE)
static _Atomic(uintptr_t) mi_segment_map[MI_SEGMENT_MAP_WSIZE + 1]; // 2KiB per TB with 64MiB segments
static size_t mi_segment_map_index_of(const mi_segment_t* segment, size_t* bitidx) {
mi_assert_internal(_mi_ptr_segment(segment) == segment); // is it aligned on MI_SEGMENT_SIZE?
if ((uintptr_t)segment >= MI_MAX_ADDRESS) {
*bitidx = 0;
return MI_SEGMENT_MAP_WSIZE;
}
else {
const uintptr_t segindex = ((uintptr_t)segment) / MI_SEGMENT_SIZE;
*bitidx = segindex % MI_INTPTR_BITS;
const size_t mapindex = segindex / MI_INTPTR_BITS;
mi_assert_internal(mapindex < MI_SEGMENT_MAP_WSIZE);
return mapindex;
}
}
void _mi_segment_map_allocated_at(const mi_segment_t* segment) {
size_t bitidx;
size_t index = mi_segment_map_index_of(segment, &bitidx);
mi_assert_internal(index <= MI_SEGMENT_MAP_WSIZE);
if (index==MI_SEGMENT_MAP_WSIZE) return;
uintptr_t mask = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&mi_segment_map[index]);
uintptr_t newmask;
do {
newmask = (mask | ((uintptr_t)1 << bitidx));
} while (!mi_atomic_cas_weak_release(&mi_segment_map[index], &mask, newmask));
}
void _mi_segment_map_freed_at(const mi_segment_t* segment) {
size_t bitidx;
size_t index = mi_segment_map_index_of(segment, &bitidx);
mi_assert_internal(index <= MI_SEGMENT_MAP_WSIZE);
if (index == MI_SEGMENT_MAP_WSIZE) return;
uintptr_t mask = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&mi_segment_map[index]);
uintptr_t newmask;
do {
newmask = (mask & ~((uintptr_t)1 << bitidx));
} while (!mi_atomic_cas_weak_release(&mi_segment_map[index], &mask, newmask));
}
// Determine the segment belonging to a pointer or NULL if it is not in a valid segment.
static mi_segment_t* _mi_segment_of(const void* p) {
mi_segment_t* segment = _mi_ptr_segment(p);
if (segment == NULL) return NULL;
size_t bitidx;
size_t index = mi_segment_map_index_of(segment, &bitidx);
// fast path: for any pointer to valid small/medium/large object or first MI_SEGMENT_SIZE in huge
const uintptr_t mask = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&mi_segment_map[index]);
if (mi_likely((mask & ((uintptr_t)1 << bitidx)) != 0)) {
return segment; // yes, allocated by us
}
if (index==MI_SEGMENT_MAP_WSIZE) return NULL;
// TODO: maintain max/min allocated range for efficiency for more efficient rejection of invalid pointers?
// search downwards for the first segment in case it is an interior pointer
// could be slow but searches in MI_INTPTR_SIZE * MI_SEGMENT_SIZE (512MiB) steps trough
// valid huge objects
// note: we could maintain a lowest index to speed up the path for invalid pointers?
size_t lobitidx;
size_t loindex;
uintptr_t lobits = mask & (((uintptr_t)1 << bitidx) - 1);
if (lobits != 0) {
loindex = index;
lobitidx = mi_bsr(lobits); // lobits != 0
}
else if (index == 0) {
return NULL;
}
else {
mi_assert_internal(index > 0);
uintptr_t lomask = mask;
loindex = index;
do {
loindex--;
lomask = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&mi_segment_map[loindex]);
} while (lomask != 0 && loindex > 0);
if (lomask == 0) return NULL;
lobitidx = mi_bsr(lomask); // lomask != 0
}
mi_assert_internal(loindex < MI_SEGMENT_MAP_WSIZE);
// take difference as the addresses could be larger than the MAX_ADDRESS space.
size_t diff = (((index - loindex) * (8*MI_INTPTR_SIZE)) + bitidx - lobitidx) * MI_SEGMENT_SIZE;
segment = (mi_segment_t*)((uint8_t*)segment - diff);
if (segment == NULL) return NULL;
mi_assert_internal((void*)segment < p);
bool cookie_ok = (_mi_ptr_cookie(segment) == segment->cookie);
mi_assert_internal(cookie_ok);
if (mi_unlikely(!cookie_ok)) return NULL;
if (((uint8_t*)segment + mi_segment_size(segment)) <= (uint8_t*)p) return NULL; // outside the range
mi_assert_internal(p >= (void*)segment && (uint8_t*)p < (uint8_t*)segment + mi_segment_size(segment));
return segment;
}
// Is this a valid pointer in our heap?
static bool mi_is_valid_pointer(const void* p) {
return (_mi_segment_of(p) != NULL);
}
mi_decl_nodiscard mi_decl_export bool mi_is_in_heap_region(const void* p) mi_attr_noexcept {
return mi_is_valid_pointer(p);
}
/*
// Return the full segment range belonging to a pointer
static void* mi_segment_range_of(const void* p, size_t* size) {
mi_segment_t* segment = _mi_segment_of(p);
if (segment == NULL) {
if (size != NULL) *size = 0;
return NULL;
}
else {
if (size != NULL) *size = segment->segment_size;
return segment;
}
mi_assert_expensive(page == NULL || mi_segment_is_valid(_mi_page_segment(page),tld));
mi_assert_internal(page == NULL || (mi_segment_page_size(_mi_page_segment(page)) - (MI_SECURE == 0 ? 0 : _mi_os_page_size())) >= block_size);
mi_reset_delayed(tld);
mi_assert_internal(page == NULL || mi_page_not_in_queue(page, tld));
return page;
}
*/

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/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2018-2021, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "mimalloc.h"
#include "mimalloc-internal.h"
#include "mimalloc-atomic.h"
#include <stdio.h> // fputs, stderr
#include <string.h> // memset
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1920)
#pragma warning(disable:4204) // non-constant aggregate initializer
#endif
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Statistics operations
----------------------------------------------------------- */
static bool mi_is_in_main(void* stat) {
return ((uint8_t*)stat >= (uint8_t*)&_mi_stats_main
&& (uint8_t*)stat < ((uint8_t*)&_mi_stats_main + sizeof(mi_stats_t)));
}
static void mi_stat_update(mi_stat_count_t* stat, int64_t amount) {
if (amount == 0) return;
if (mi_is_in_main(stat))
{
// add atomically (for abandoned pages)
int64_t current = mi_atomic_addi64_relaxed(&stat->current, amount);
mi_atomic_maxi64_relaxed(&stat->peak, current + amount);
if (amount > 0) {
mi_atomic_addi64_relaxed(&stat->allocated,amount);
}
else {
mi_atomic_addi64_relaxed(&stat->freed, -amount);
}
}
else {
// add thread local
stat->current += amount;
if (stat->current > stat->peak) stat->peak = stat->current;
if (amount > 0) {
stat->allocated += amount;
}
else {
stat->freed += -amount;
}
}
}
void _mi_stat_counter_increase(mi_stat_counter_t* stat, size_t amount) {
if (mi_is_in_main(stat)) {
mi_atomic_addi64_relaxed( &stat->count, 1 );
mi_atomic_addi64_relaxed( &stat->total, (int64_t)amount );
}
else {
stat->count++;
stat->total += amount;
}
}
void _mi_stat_increase(mi_stat_count_t* stat, size_t amount) {
mi_stat_update(stat, (int64_t)amount);
}
void _mi_stat_decrease(mi_stat_count_t* stat, size_t amount) {
mi_stat_update(stat, -((int64_t)amount));
}
// must be thread safe as it is called from stats_merge
static void mi_stat_add(mi_stat_count_t* stat, const mi_stat_count_t* src, int64_t unit) {
if (stat==src) return;
if (src->allocated==0 && src->freed==0) return;
mi_atomic_addi64_relaxed( &stat->allocated, src->allocated * unit);
mi_atomic_addi64_relaxed( &stat->current, src->current * unit);
mi_atomic_addi64_relaxed( &stat->freed, src->freed * unit);
// peak scores do not work across threads..
mi_atomic_addi64_relaxed( &stat->peak, src->peak * unit);
}
static void mi_stat_counter_add(mi_stat_counter_t* stat, const mi_stat_counter_t* src, int64_t unit) {
if (stat==src) return;
mi_atomic_addi64_relaxed( &stat->total, src->total * unit);
mi_atomic_addi64_relaxed( &stat->count, src->count * unit);
}
// must be thread safe as it is called from stats_merge
static void mi_stats_add(mi_stats_t* stats, const mi_stats_t* src) {
if (stats==src) return;
mi_stat_add(&stats->segments, &src->segments,1);
mi_stat_add(&stats->pages, &src->pages,1);
mi_stat_add(&stats->reserved, &src->reserved, 1);
mi_stat_add(&stats->committed, &src->committed, 1);
mi_stat_add(&stats->reset, &src->reset, 1);
mi_stat_add(&stats->page_committed, &src->page_committed, 1);
mi_stat_add(&stats->pages_abandoned, &src->pages_abandoned, 1);
mi_stat_add(&stats->segments_abandoned, &src->segments_abandoned, 1);
mi_stat_add(&stats->threads, &src->threads, 1);
mi_stat_add(&stats->malloc, &src->malloc, 1);
mi_stat_add(&stats->segments_cache, &src->segments_cache, 1);
mi_stat_add(&stats->normal, &src->normal, 1);
mi_stat_add(&stats->huge, &src->huge, 1);
mi_stat_add(&stats->large, &src->large, 1);
mi_stat_counter_add(&stats->pages_extended, &src->pages_extended, 1);
mi_stat_counter_add(&stats->mmap_calls, &src->mmap_calls, 1);
mi_stat_counter_add(&stats->commit_calls, &src->commit_calls, 1);
mi_stat_counter_add(&stats->page_no_retire, &src->page_no_retire, 1);
mi_stat_counter_add(&stats->searches, &src->searches, 1);
mi_stat_counter_add(&stats->normal_count, &src->normal_count, 1);
mi_stat_counter_add(&stats->huge_count, &src->huge_count, 1);
mi_stat_counter_add(&stats->large_count, &src->large_count, 1);
#if MI_STAT>1
for (size_t i = 0; i <= MI_BIN_HUGE; i++) {
if (src->normal_bins[i].allocated > 0 || src->normal_bins[i].freed > 0) {
mi_stat_add(&stats->normal_bins[i], &src->normal_bins[i], 1);
}
}
#endif
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Display statistics
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// unit > 0 : size in binary bytes
// unit == 0: count as decimal
// unit < 0 : count in binary
static void mi_printf_amount(int64_t n, int64_t unit, mi_output_fun* out, void* arg, const char* fmt) {
char buf[32]; buf[0] = 0;
int len = 32;
const char* suffix = (unit <= 0 ? " " : "B");
const int64_t base = (unit == 0 ? 1000 : 1024);
if (unit>0) n *= unit;
const int64_t pos = (n < 0 ? -n : n);
if (pos < base) {
if (n!=1 || suffix[0] != 'B') { // skip printing 1 B for the unit column
snprintf(buf, len, "%d %-3s", (int)n, (n==0 ? "" : suffix));
}
}
else {
int64_t divider = base;
const char* magnitude = "K";
if (pos >= divider*base) { divider *= base; magnitude = "M"; }
if (pos >= divider*base) { divider *= base; magnitude = "G"; }
const int64_t tens = (n / (divider/10));
const long whole = (long)(tens/10);
const long frac1 = (long)(tens%10);
char unitdesc[8];
snprintf(unitdesc, 8, "%s%s%s", magnitude, (base==1024 ? "i" : ""), suffix);
snprintf(buf, len, "%ld.%ld %-3s", whole, (frac1 < 0 ? -frac1 : frac1), unitdesc);
}
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, (fmt==NULL ? "%11s" : fmt), buf);
}
static void mi_print_amount(int64_t n, int64_t unit, mi_output_fun* out, void* arg) {
mi_printf_amount(n,unit,out,arg,NULL);
}
static void mi_print_count(int64_t n, int64_t unit, mi_output_fun* out, void* arg) {
if (unit==1) _mi_fprintf(out, arg, "%11s"," ");
else mi_print_amount(n,0,out,arg);
}
static void mi_stat_print(const mi_stat_count_t* stat, const char* msg, int64_t unit, mi_output_fun* out, void* arg ) {
_mi_fprintf(out, arg,"%10s:", msg);
if (unit>0) {
mi_print_amount(stat->peak, unit, out, arg);
mi_print_amount(stat->allocated, unit, out, arg);
mi_print_amount(stat->freed, unit, out, arg);
mi_print_amount(stat->current, unit, out, arg);
mi_print_amount(unit, 1, out, arg);
mi_print_count(stat->allocated, unit, out, arg);
if (stat->allocated > stat->freed)
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, " not all freed!\n");
else
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, " ok\n");
}
else if (unit<0) {
mi_print_amount(stat->peak, -1, out, arg);
mi_print_amount(stat->allocated, -1, out, arg);
mi_print_amount(stat->freed, -1, out, arg);
mi_print_amount(stat->current, -1, out, arg);
if (unit==-1) {
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, "%22s", "");
}
else {
mi_print_amount(-unit, 1, out, arg);
mi_print_count((stat->allocated / -unit), 0, out, arg);
}
if (stat->allocated > stat->freed)
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, " not all freed!\n");
else
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, " ok\n");
}
else {
mi_print_amount(stat->peak, 1, out, arg);
mi_print_amount(stat->allocated, 1, out, arg);
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, "%11s", " "); // no freed
mi_print_amount(stat->current, 1, out, arg);
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, "\n");
}
}
static void mi_stat_counter_print(const mi_stat_counter_t* stat, const char* msg, mi_output_fun* out, void* arg ) {
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, "%10s:", msg);
mi_print_amount(stat->total, -1, out, arg);
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, "\n");
}
static void mi_stat_counter_print_avg(const mi_stat_counter_t* stat, const char* msg, mi_output_fun* out, void* arg) {
const int64_t avg_tens = (stat->count == 0 ? 0 : (stat->total*10 / stat->count));
const long avg_whole = (long)(avg_tens/10);
const long avg_frac1 = (long)(avg_tens%10);
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, "%10s: %5ld.%ld avg\n", msg, avg_whole, avg_frac1);
}
static void mi_print_header(mi_output_fun* out, void* arg ) {
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, "%10s: %10s %10s %10s %10s %10s %10s\n", "heap stats", "peak ", "total ", "freed ", "current ", "unit ", "count ");
}
#if MI_STAT>1
static void mi_stats_print_bins(const mi_stat_count_t* bins, size_t max, const char* fmt, mi_output_fun* out, void* arg) {
bool found = false;
char buf[64];
for (size_t i = 0; i <= max; i++) {
if (bins[i].allocated > 0) {
found = true;
int64_t unit = _mi_bin_size((uint8_t)i);
snprintf(buf, 64, "%s %3lu", fmt, (long)i);
mi_stat_print(&bins[i], buf, unit, out, arg);
}
}
if (found) {
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, "\n");
mi_print_header(out, arg);
}
}
#endif
//------------------------------------------------------------
// Use an output wrapper for line-buffered output
// (which is nice when using loggers etc.)
//------------------------------------------------------------
typedef struct buffered_s {
mi_output_fun* out; // original output function
void* arg; // and state
char* buf; // local buffer of at least size `count+1`
size_t used; // currently used chars `used <= count`
size_t count; // total chars available for output
} buffered_t;
static void mi_buffered_flush(buffered_t* buf) {
buf->buf[buf->used] = 0;
_mi_fputs(buf->out, buf->arg, NULL, buf->buf);
buf->used = 0;
}
static void mi_buffered_out(const char* msg, void* arg) {
buffered_t* buf = (buffered_t*)arg;
if (msg==NULL || buf==NULL) return;
for (const char* src = msg; *src != 0; src++) {
char c = *src;
if (buf->used >= buf->count) mi_buffered_flush(buf);
mi_assert_internal(buf->used < buf->count);
buf->buf[buf->used++] = c;
if (c == '\n') mi_buffered_flush(buf);
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------------
// Print statistics
//------------------------------------------------------------
static void mi_stat_process_info(mi_msecs_t* elapsed, mi_msecs_t* utime, mi_msecs_t* stime, size_t* current_rss, size_t* peak_rss, size_t* current_commit, size_t* peak_commit, size_t* page_faults);
static void _mi_stats_print(mi_stats_t* stats, mi_output_fun* out0, void* arg0) mi_attr_noexcept {
// wrap the output function to be line buffered
char buf[256];
buffered_t buffer = { out0, arg0, NULL, 0, 255 };
buffer.buf = buf;
mi_output_fun* out = &mi_buffered_out;
void* arg = &buffer;
// and print using that
mi_print_header(out,arg);
#if MI_STAT>1
mi_stats_print_bins(stats->normal_bins, MI_BIN_HUGE, "normal",out,arg);
#endif
#if MI_STAT
mi_stat_print(&stats->normal, "normal", (stats->normal_count.count == 0 ? 1 : -(stats->normal.allocated / stats->normal_count.count)), out, arg);
mi_stat_print(&stats->large, "large", (stats->large_count.count == 0 ? 1 : -(stats->large.allocated / stats->large_count.count)), out, arg);
mi_stat_print(&stats->huge, "huge", (stats->huge_count.count == 0 ? 1 : -(stats->huge.allocated / stats->huge_count.count)), out, arg);
mi_stat_count_t total = { 0,0,0,0 };
mi_stat_add(&total, &stats->normal, 1);
mi_stat_add(&total, &stats->large, 1);
mi_stat_add(&total, &stats->huge, 1);
mi_stat_print(&total, "total", 1, out, arg);
#endif
#if MI_STAT>1
mi_stat_print(&stats->malloc, "malloc req", 1, out, arg);
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, "\n");
#endif
mi_stat_print(&stats->reserved, "reserved", 1, out, arg);
mi_stat_print(&stats->committed, "committed", 1, out, arg);
mi_stat_print(&stats->reset, "reset", 1, out, arg);
mi_stat_print(&stats->page_committed, "touched", 1, out, arg);
mi_stat_print(&stats->segments, "segments", -1, out, arg);
mi_stat_print(&stats->segments_abandoned, "-abandoned", -1, out, arg);
mi_stat_print(&stats->segments_cache, "-cached", -1, out, arg);
mi_stat_print(&stats->pages, "pages", -1, out, arg);
mi_stat_print(&stats->pages_abandoned, "-abandoned", -1, out, arg);
mi_stat_counter_print(&stats->pages_extended, "-extended", out, arg);
mi_stat_counter_print(&stats->page_no_retire, "-noretire", out, arg);
mi_stat_counter_print(&stats->mmap_calls, "mmaps", out, arg);
mi_stat_counter_print(&stats->commit_calls, "commits", out, arg);
mi_stat_print(&stats->threads, "threads", -1, out, arg);
mi_stat_counter_print_avg(&stats->searches, "searches", out, arg);
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, "%10s: %7zu\n", "numa nodes", _mi_os_numa_node_count());
mi_msecs_t elapsed;
mi_msecs_t user_time;
mi_msecs_t sys_time;
size_t current_rss;
size_t peak_rss;
size_t current_commit;
size_t peak_commit;
size_t page_faults;
mi_stat_process_info(&elapsed, &user_time, &sys_time, &current_rss, &peak_rss, &current_commit, &peak_commit, &page_faults);
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, "%10s: %7ld.%03ld s\n", "elapsed", elapsed/1000, elapsed%1000);
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, "%10s: user: %ld.%03ld s, system: %ld.%03ld s, faults: %lu, rss: ", "process",
user_time/1000, user_time%1000, sys_time/1000, sys_time%1000, (unsigned long)page_faults );
mi_printf_amount((int64_t)peak_rss, 1, out, arg, "%s");
if (peak_commit > 0) {
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, ", commit: ");
mi_printf_amount((int64_t)peak_commit, 1, out, arg, "%s");
}
_mi_fprintf(out, arg, "\n");
}
static mi_msecs_t mi_process_start; // = 0
static mi_stats_t* mi_stats_get_default(void) {
mi_heap_t* heap = mi_heap_get_default();
return &heap->tld->stats;
}
static void mi_stats_merge_from(mi_stats_t* stats) {
if (stats != &_mi_stats_main) {
mi_stats_add(&_mi_stats_main, stats);
memset(stats, 0, sizeof(mi_stats_t));
}
}
void mi_stats_reset(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
mi_stats_t* stats = mi_stats_get_default();
if (stats != &_mi_stats_main) { memset(stats, 0, sizeof(mi_stats_t)); }
memset(&_mi_stats_main, 0, sizeof(mi_stats_t));
if (mi_process_start == 0) { mi_process_start = _mi_clock_start(); };
}
void mi_stats_merge(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
mi_stats_merge_from( mi_stats_get_default() );
}
void _mi_stats_done(mi_stats_t* stats) { // called from `mi_thread_done`
mi_stats_merge_from(stats);
}
void mi_stats_print_out(mi_output_fun* out, void* arg) mi_attr_noexcept {
mi_stats_merge_from(mi_stats_get_default());
_mi_stats_print(&_mi_stats_main, out, arg);
}
void mi_stats_print(void* out) mi_attr_noexcept {
// for compatibility there is an `out` parameter (which can be `stdout` or `stderr`)
mi_stats_print_out((mi_output_fun*)out, NULL);
}
void mi_thread_stats_print_out(mi_output_fun* out, void* arg) mi_attr_noexcept {
_mi_stats_print(mi_stats_get_default(), out, arg);
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------
// Basic timer for convenience; use milli-seconds to avoid doubles
// ----------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <windows.h>
static mi_msecs_t mi_to_msecs(LARGE_INTEGER t) {
static LARGE_INTEGER mfreq; // = 0
if (mfreq.QuadPart == 0LL) {
LARGE_INTEGER f;
QueryPerformanceFrequency(&f);
mfreq.QuadPart = f.QuadPart/1000LL;
if (mfreq.QuadPart == 0) mfreq.QuadPart = 1;
}
return (mi_msecs_t)(t.QuadPart / mfreq.QuadPart);
}
mi_msecs_t _mi_clock_now(void) {
LARGE_INTEGER t;
QueryPerformanceCounter(&t);
return mi_to_msecs(t);
}
#else
#include <time.h>
#if defined(CLOCK_REALTIME) || defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
mi_msecs_t _mi_clock_now(void) {
struct timespec t;
#ifdef CLOCK_MONOTONIC
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t);
#else
clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &t);
#endif
return ((mi_msecs_t)t.tv_sec * 1000) + ((mi_msecs_t)t.tv_nsec / 1000000);
}
#else
// low resolution timer
mi_msecs_t _mi_clock_now(void) {
return ((mi_msecs_t)clock() / ((mi_msecs_t)CLOCKS_PER_SEC / 1000));
}
#endif
#endif
static mi_msecs_t mi_clock_diff;
mi_msecs_t _mi_clock_start(void) {
if (mi_clock_diff == 0.0) {
mi_msecs_t t0 = _mi_clock_now();
mi_clock_diff = _mi_clock_now() - t0;
}
return _mi_clock_now();
}
mi_msecs_t _mi_clock_end(mi_msecs_t start) {
mi_msecs_t end = _mi_clock_now();
return (end - start - mi_clock_diff);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------
// Basic process statistics
// --------------------------------------------------------
#if defined(_WIN32)
#include <windows.h>
#include <psapi.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"psapi.lib")
static mi_msecs_t filetime_msecs(const FILETIME* ftime) {
ULARGE_INTEGER i;
i.LowPart = ftime->dwLowDateTime;
i.HighPart = ftime->dwHighDateTime;
mi_msecs_t msecs = (i.QuadPart / 10000); // FILETIME is in 100 nano seconds
return msecs;
}
static void mi_stat_process_info(mi_msecs_t* elapsed, mi_msecs_t* utime, mi_msecs_t* stime, size_t* current_rss, size_t* peak_rss, size_t* current_commit, size_t* peak_commit, size_t* page_faults)
{
*elapsed = _mi_clock_end(mi_process_start);
FILETIME ct;
FILETIME ut;
FILETIME st;
FILETIME et;
GetProcessTimes(GetCurrentProcess(), &ct, &et, &st, &ut);
*utime = filetime_msecs(&ut);
*stime = filetime_msecs(&st);
PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS info;
GetProcessMemoryInfo(GetCurrentProcess(), &info, sizeof(info));
*current_rss = (size_t)info.WorkingSetSize;
*peak_rss = (size_t)info.PeakWorkingSetSize;
*current_commit = (size_t)info.PagefileUsage;
*peak_commit = (size_t)info.PeakPagefileUsage;
*page_faults = (size_t)info.PageFaultCount;
}
#elif !defined(__wasi__) && (defined(__unix__) || defined(__unix) || defined(unix) || defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__HAIKU__))
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#if defined(__APPLE__)
#include <mach/mach.h>
#endif
#if defined(__HAIKU__)
#include <kernel/OS.h>
#endif
static mi_msecs_t timeval_secs(const struct timeval* tv) {
return ((mi_msecs_t)tv->tv_sec * 1000L) + ((mi_msecs_t)tv->tv_usec / 1000L);
}
static void mi_stat_process_info(mi_msecs_t* elapsed, mi_msecs_t* utime, mi_msecs_t* stime, size_t* current_rss, size_t* peak_rss, size_t* current_commit, size_t* peak_commit, size_t* page_faults)
{
*elapsed = _mi_clock_end(mi_process_start);
struct rusage rusage;
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &rusage);
*utime = timeval_secs(&rusage.ru_utime);
*stime = timeval_secs(&rusage.ru_stime);
#if !defined(__HAIKU__)
*page_faults = rusage.ru_majflt;
#endif
// estimate commit using our stats
*peak_commit = (size_t)(mi_atomic_loadi64_relaxed((_Atomic(int64_t)*)&_mi_stats_main.committed.peak));
*current_commit = (size_t)(mi_atomic_loadi64_relaxed((_Atomic(int64_t)*)&_mi_stats_main.committed.current));
*current_rss = *current_commit; // estimate
#if defined(__HAIKU__)
// Haiku does not have (yet?) a way to
// get these stats per process
thread_info tid;
area_info mem;
ssize_t c;
get_thread_info(find_thread(0), &tid);
while (get_next_area_info(tid.team, &c, &mem) == B_OK) {
*peak_rss += mem.ram_size;
}
*page_faults = 0;
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
*peak_rss = rusage.ru_maxrss; // BSD reports in bytes
struct mach_task_basic_info info;
mach_msg_type_number_t infoCount = MACH_TASK_BASIC_INFO_COUNT;
if (task_info(mach_task_self(), MACH_TASK_BASIC_INFO, (task_info_t)&info, &infoCount) == KERN_SUCCESS) {
*current_rss = (size_t)info.resident_size;
}
#else
*peak_rss = rusage.ru_maxrss * 1024; // Linux reports in KiB
#endif
}
#else
#ifndef __wasi__
// WebAssembly instances are not processes
#pragma message("define a way to get process info")
#endif
static void mi_stat_process_info(mi_msecs_t* elapsed, mi_msecs_t* utime, mi_msecs_t* stime, size_t* current_rss, size_t* peak_rss, size_t* current_commit, size_t* peak_commit, size_t* page_faults)
{
*elapsed = _mi_clock_end(mi_process_start);
*peak_commit = (size_t)(mi_atomic_loadi64_relaxed((_Atomic(int64_t)*)&_mi_stats_main.committed.peak));
*current_commit = (size_t)(mi_atomic_loadi64_relaxed((_Atomic(int64_t)*)&_mi_stats_main.committed.current));
*peak_rss = *peak_commit;
*current_rss = *current_commit;
*page_faults = 0;
*utime = 0;
*stime = 0;
}
#endif
mi_decl_export void mi_process_info(size_t* elapsed_msecs, size_t* user_msecs, size_t* system_msecs, size_t* current_rss, size_t* peak_rss, size_t* current_commit, size_t* peak_commit, size_t* page_faults) mi_attr_noexcept
{
mi_msecs_t elapsed = 0;
mi_msecs_t utime = 0;
mi_msecs_t stime = 0;
size_t current_rss0 = 0;
size_t peak_rss0 = 0;
size_t current_commit0 = 0;
size_t peak_commit0 = 0;
size_t page_faults0 = 0;
mi_stat_process_info(&elapsed,&utime, &stime, &current_rss0, &peak_rss0, &current_commit0, &peak_commit0, &page_faults0);
if (elapsed_msecs!=NULL) *elapsed_msecs = (elapsed < 0 ? 0 : (elapsed < (mi_msecs_t)PTRDIFF_MAX ? (size_t)elapsed : PTRDIFF_MAX));
if (user_msecs!=NULL) *user_msecs = (utime < 0 ? 0 : (utime < (mi_msecs_t)PTRDIFF_MAX ? (size_t)utime : PTRDIFF_MAX));
if (system_msecs!=NULL) *system_msecs = (stime < 0 ? 0 : (stime < (mi_msecs_t)PTRDIFF_MAX ? (size_t)stime : PTRDIFF_MAX));
if (current_rss!=NULL) *current_rss = current_rss0;
if (peak_rss!=NULL) *peak_rss = peak_rss0;
if (current_commit!=NULL) *current_commit = current_commit0;
if (peak_commit!=NULL) *peak_commit = peak_commit0;
if (page_faults!=NULL) *page_faults = page_faults0;
}