Merge branch 'ready-for-upstream'

This is the branch thicket of patches in Git for Windows that are considered ready for upstream. To keep them in a ready-to-submit shape, they are kept as close to the beginning of the branch thicket as possible.
2026-03-18 16:15:22 -05:00 · 2018-10-11 13:38:58 +02:00
parent 7dcd3d86d4 71cd0d52aa
commit 4e6ebd6258
50 changed files with 1656 additions and 379 deletions
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 *.pl eof=lf diff=perl
 *.pm eol=lf diff=perl
 *.py eol=lf diff=python
+*.bat eol=crlf
 /Documentation/**/*.txt eol=lf
 /command-list.txt eol=lf
 /GIT-VERSION-GEN eol=lf
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -190,6 +190,42 @@
 /gitweb/static/gitweb.js
 /gitweb/static/gitweb.min.*
 /command-list.h
+/libgit
+/test-chmtime
+/test-ctype
+/test-config
+/test-date
+/test-delta
+/test-dump-cache-tree
+/test-dump-split-index
+/test-dump-untracked-cache
+/test-fake-ssh
+/test-scrap-cache-tree
+/test-genrandom
+/test-hashmap
+/test-index-version
+/test-line-buffer
+/test-match-trees
+/test-mergesort
+/test-mktemp
+/test-parse-options
+/test-path-utils
+/test-prio-queue
+/test-read-cache
+/test-regex
+/test-revision-walking
+/test-run-command
+/test-sha1
+/test-sha1-array
+/test-sigchain
+/test-string-list
+/test-submodule-config
+/test-subprocess
+/test-svn-fe
+/test-urlmatch-normalization
+/test-wildmatch
+/vcs-svn_lib
+/xdiff_lib
 *.tar.gz
 *.dsc
 *.deb
@@ -227,6 +263,15 @@
 *.user
 *.idb
 *.pdb
-/Debug/
-/Release/
+*.ilk
+*.iobj
+*.ipdb
+*.dll
+.vs/
+*.manifest
+Debug/
+Release/
+/UpgradeLog*.htm
+/git.VC.VC.opendb
+/git.VC.db
 *.dSYM
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ the Git commands' behavior. The files `.git/config` and optionally
 repository are used to store the configuration for that repository, and
 `$HOME/.gitconfig` is used to store a per-user configuration as
 fallback values for the `.git/config` file. The file `/etc/gitconfig`
-can be used to store a system-wide default configuration.
+can be used to store a system-wide default configuration. On Windows,
+configuration can also be stored in `C:\ProgramData\Git\config`; This
+file will be used also by libgit2-based software.

 The configuration variables are used by both the Git plumbing
 and the porcelains. The variables are divided into sections, wherein
@@ -406,6 +408,8 @@ include::config/reset.txt[]

 include::config/sendemail.txt[]

+include::config/sendpack.txt[]
+
 include::config/sequencer.txt[]

 include::config/showbranch.txt[]
--- a/Documentation/config/sendpack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/sendpack.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+sendpack.sideband::
+	Allows to disable the side-band-64k capability for send-pack even
+	when it is advertised by the server. Makes it possible to work
+	around a limitation in the git for windows implementation together
+	with the dump git protocol. Defaults to true.
--- a/Documentation/git-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt
@@ -270,8 +270,16 @@ FILES
 If not set explicitly with `--file`, there are four files where
 'git config' will search for configuration options:

+$PROGRAMDATA/Git/config::
+	(Windows-only) System-wide configuration file shared with other Git
+	implementations. Typically `$PROGRAMDATA` points to `C:\ProgramData`.
+
 $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig::
 	System-wide configuration file.
+	(Windows-only) This file contains only the settings which are
+	specific for this installation of Git for Windows and which should
+	not be shared with other Git implementations like JGit, libgit2.
+	`--system` will select this file.

 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config::
 	Second user-specific configuration file. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not set
--- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
 'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
+EXPERIMENTAL: 'git reset' [-q] [--stdin [-z]] [<tree-ish>]
 'git reset' [--soft | --mixed [-N] | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]

 DESCRIPTION
@@ -100,6 +101,15 @@ OPTIONS
 	`reset.quiet` config option. `--quiet` and `--no-quiet` will
 	override the default behavior.

+--stdin::
+	EXPERIMENTAL: Instead of taking list of paths from the
+	command line, read list of paths from the standard input.
+	Paths are separated by LF (i.e. one path per line) by
+	default.
+
+-z::
+	EXPERIMENTAL: Only meaningful with `--stdin`; paths are
+	separated with NUL character instead of LF.

 EXAMPLES
 --------
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -567,7 +567,8 @@ for further details.

 `GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM`::
 	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
-	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file.  This environment variable can
+	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file (and on Windows, also from the
+	`%PROGRAMDATA%\Git\config` file).  This environment variable can
 	be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a
 	predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it
 	temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while
--- a/44
+++ b/44
@@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ endif

 ifdef SANE_TOOL_PATH
 SANE_TOOL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SANE_TOOL_PATH))
-BROKEN_PATH_FIX = 's|^\# @@BROKEN_PATH_FIX@@$$|git_broken_path_fix $(SANE_TOOL_PATH_SQ)|'
+BROKEN_PATH_FIX = 's|^\# @@BROKEN_PATH_FIX@@$$|git_broken_path_fix "$(SANE_TOOL_PATH_SQ)"|'
 PATH := $(SANE_TOOL_PATH):${PATH}
 else
 BROKEN_PATH_FIX = '/^\# @@BROKEN_PATH_FIX@@$$/d'
@@ -2692,7 +2692,7 @@ bin-wrappers/%: wrap-for-bin.sh
 	@mkdir -p bin-wrappers
 	$(QUIET_GEN)sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
 	     -e 's|@@BUILD_DIR@@|$(shell pwd)|' \
-	     -e 's|@@PROG@@|$(patsubst test-%,t/helper/test-%,$(@F))|' < $< > $@ && \
+	     -e 's|@@PROG@@|$(patsubst test-%,t/helper/test-%$(X),$(@F))$(patsubst git%,$(X),$(filter $(@F),$(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X)))|' < $< > $@ && \
 	chmod +x $@

 # GNU make supports exporting all variables by "export" without parameters.
@@ -2830,6 +2830,33 @@ install: all
 	$(INSTALL) $(ALL_PROGRAMS) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
 	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $(SCRIPT_LIB) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
 	$(INSTALL) $(install_bindir_programs) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'
+ifdef MSVC
+	# We DO NOT install the individual foo.o.pdb files because they
+	# have already been rolled up into the exe's pdb file.
+	# We DO NOT have pdb files for the builtin commands (like git-status.exe)
+	# because it is just a copy/hardlink of git.exe, rather than a unique binary.
+	$(INSTALL) git.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) git-shell.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) git-upload-pack.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) git-credential-store.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) git-daemon.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) git-fast-import.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) git-http-backend.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) git-http-fetch.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) git-http-push.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) git-imap-send.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) git-remote-http.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) git-remote-testsvn.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) git-sh-i18n--envsubst.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) git-show-index.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+ifndef DEBUG
+	$(INSTALL) $(vcpkg_rel_bin)/*.dll '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) $(vcpkg_rel_bin)/*.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'
+else
+	$(INSTALL) $(vcpkg_dbg_bin)/*.dll '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) $(vcpkg_dbg_bin)/*.pdb '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'
+endif
+endif
 	$(MAKE) -C templates DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' install
 	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(mergetools_instdir_SQ)'
 	$(INSTALL) -m 644 mergetools/* '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(mergetools_instdir_SQ)'
@@ -3041,6 +3068,19 @@ endif
 	$(RM) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-CFLAGS GIT-LDFLAGS GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
 	$(RM) GIT-USER-AGENT GIT-PREFIX
 	$(RM) GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES GIT-PERL-DEFINES GIT-PERL-HEADER GIT-PYTHON-VARS
+ifdef MSVC
+	$(RM) $(patsubst %.o,%.o.pdb,$(OBJECTS))
+	$(RM) $(patsubst %.exe,%.pdb,$(OTHER_PROGRAMS))
+	$(RM) $(patsubst %.exe,%.iobj,$(OTHER_PROGRAMS))
+	$(RM) $(patsubst %.exe,%.ipdb,$(OTHER_PROGRAMS))
+	$(RM) $(patsubst %.exe,%.pdb,$(PROGRAMS))
+	$(RM) $(patsubst %.exe,%.iobj,$(PROGRAMS))
+	$(RM) $(patsubst %.exe,%.ipdb,$(PROGRAMS))
+	$(RM) $(patsubst %.exe,%.pdb,$(TEST_PROGRAMS))
+	$(RM) $(patsubst %.exe,%.iobj,$(TEST_PROGRAMS))
+	$(RM) $(patsubst %.exe,%.ipdb,$(TEST_PROGRAMS))
+	$(RM) compat/vcbuild/MSVC-DEFS-GEN
+endif

 .PHONY: all install profile-clean cocciclean clean strip
 .PHONY: shell_compatibility_test please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell
--- a/archive-tar.c
+++ b/archive-tar.c
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ static unsigned long offset;

 static int tar_umask = 002;

+static gzFile gzip;
+
 static int write_tar_filter_archive(const struct archiver *ar,
 				    struct archiver_args *args);

@@ -38,11 +40,21 @@ static int write_tar_filter_archive(const struct archiver *ar,
 #define USTAR_MAX_MTIME 077777777777ULL
 #endif

+/* writes out the whole block, or dies if fails */
+static void write_block_or_die(const char *block) {
+	if (gzip) {
+		if (gzwrite(gzip, block, (unsigned) BLOCKSIZE) != BLOCKSIZE)
+			die(_("gzwrite failed"));
+	} else {
+		write_or_die(1, block, BLOCKSIZE);
+	}
+}
+
 /* writes out the whole block, but only if it is full */
 static void write_if_needed(void)
 {
 	if (offset == BLOCKSIZE) {
-		write_or_die(1, block, BLOCKSIZE);
+		write_block_or_die(block);
 		offset = 0;
 	}
 }
@@ -66,7 +78,7 @@ static void do_write_blocked(const void *data, unsigned long size)
 		write_if_needed();
 	}
 	while (size >= BLOCKSIZE) {
-		write_or_die(1, buf, BLOCKSIZE);
+		write_block_or_die(buf);
 		size -= BLOCKSIZE;
 		buf += BLOCKSIZE;
 	}
@@ -101,10 +113,10 @@ static void write_trailer(void)
 {
 	int tail = BLOCKSIZE - offset;
 	memset(block + offset, 0, tail);
-	write_or_die(1, block, BLOCKSIZE);
+	write_block_or_die(block);
 	if (tail < 2 * RECORDSIZE) {
 		memset(block, 0, offset);
-		write_or_die(1, block, BLOCKSIZE);
+		write_block_or_die(block);
 	}
 }

@@ -454,18 +466,34 @@ static int write_tar_filter_archive(const struct archiver *ar,
 	filter.use_shell = 1;
 	filter.in = -1;

-	if (start_command(&filter) < 0)
-		die_errno(_("unable to start '%s' filter"), argv[0]);
-	close(1);
-	if (dup2(filter.in, 1) < 0)
-		die_errno(_("unable to redirect descriptor"));
-	close(filter.in);
+	if (!strcmp("gzip -cn", ar->data)) {
+		char outmode[4] = "wb\0";
+
+		if (args->compression_level >= 0 && args->compression_level <= 9)
+			outmode[2] = '0' + args->compression_level;
+
+		gzip = gzdopen(fileno(stdout), outmode);
+		if (!gzip)
+			die(_("Could not gzdopen stdout"));
+	} else {
+		if (start_command(&filter) < 0)
+			die_errno(_("unable to start '%s' filter"), argv[0]);
+		close(1);
+		if (dup2(filter.in, 1) < 0)
+			die_errno(_("unable to redirect descriptor"));
+		close(filter.in);
+	}

 	r = write_tar_archive(ar, args);

-	close(1);
-	if (finish_command(&filter) != 0)
-		die(_("'%s' filter reported error"), argv[0]);
+	if (gzip) {
+		if (gzclose(gzip) != Z_OK)
+			die(_("gzclose failed"));
+	} else {
+		close(1);
+		if (finish_command(&filter) != 0)
+			die(_("'%s' filter reported error"), argv[0]);
+	}

 	strbuf_release(&cmd);
 	return r;
--- a/builtin/clone.c
+++ b/builtin/clone.c
@@ -1178,7 +1178,9 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}

 		if (!is_local && !complete_refs_before_fetch)
-			transport_fetch_refs(transport, mapped_refs);
+			if (transport_fetch_refs(transport, mapped_refs))
+				die(_("could not fetch refs from %s"),
+				    transport->url);

 		remote_head = find_ref_by_name(refs, "HEAD");
 		remote_head_points_at =
--- a/builtin/init-db.c
+++ b/builtin/init-db.c
@@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ static int git_init_db_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 	if (!strcmp(k, "init.templatedir"))
 		return git_config_pathname(&init_db_template_dir, k, v);

+	if (starts_with(k, "core."))
+		return platform_core_config(k, v, cb);
+
 	return 0;
 }

@@ -361,6 +364,9 @@ int init_db(const char *git_dir, const char *real_git_dir,
 	}
 	startup_info->have_repository = 1;

+	/* Just look for `init.templatedir` and `core.hidedotfiles` */
+	git_config(git_init_db_config, NULL);
+
 	safe_create_dir(git_dir, 0);

 	init_is_bare_repository = is_bare_repository();
--- a/builtin/repack.c
+++ b/builtin/repack.c
@@ -421,6 +421,8 @@ int cmd_repack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)

 	close_all_packs(the_repository->objects);

+	close_all_packs(the_repository->objects);
+
 	/*
 	 * Ok we have prepared all new packfiles.
 	 * First see if there are packs of the same name and if so
--- a/builtin/reset.c
+++ b/builtin/reset.c
@@ -25,12 +25,15 @@
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "submodule-config.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "quote.h"

 #define REFRESH_INDEX_DELAY_WARNING_IN_MS (2 * 1000)

 static const char * const git_reset_usage[] = {
 	N_("git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"),
 	N_("git reset [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>..."),
+	N_("EXPERIMENTAL: git reset [-q] [--stdin [-z]] [<tree-ish>]"),
 	N_("git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
@@ -284,7 +287,9 @@ static int git_reset_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int reset_type = NONE, update_ref_status = 0, quiet = 0;
-	int patch_mode = 0, unborn;
+	int patch_mode = 0, nul_term_line = 0, read_from_stdin = 0, unborn;
+	char **stdin_paths = NULL;
+	int stdin_nr = 0, stdin_alloc = 0;
 	const char *rev;
 	struct object_id oid;
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
@@ -306,6 +311,10 @@ int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
 		OPT_BOOL('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add,
 				N_("record only the fact that removed paths will be added later")),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &nul_term_line,
+			N_("EXPERIMENTAL: paths are separated with NUL character")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin,
+				N_("EXPERIMENTAL: read paths from <stdin>")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};

@@ -316,6 +325,42 @@ int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 						PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 	parse_args(&pathspec, argv, prefix, patch_mode, &rev);

+	if (read_from_stdin) {
+		strbuf_getline_fn getline_fn = nul_term_line ?
+			strbuf_getline_nul : strbuf_getline_lf;
+		int flags = PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf unquoted = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (patch_mode)
+			die(_("--stdin is incompatible with --patch"));
+
+		if (pathspec.nr)
+			die(_("--stdin is incompatible with path arguments"));
+
+		while (getline_fn(&buf, stdin) != EOF) {
+			if (!nul_term_line && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
+				strbuf_reset(&unquoted);
+				if (unquote_c_style(&unquoted, buf.buf, NULL))
+					die(_("line is badly quoted"));
+				strbuf_swap(&buf, &unquoted);
+			}
+			ALLOC_GROW(stdin_paths, stdin_nr + 1, stdin_alloc);
+			stdin_paths[stdin_nr++] = xstrdup(buf.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&unquoted);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+		ALLOC_GROW(stdin_paths, stdin_nr + 1, stdin_alloc);
+		stdin_paths[stdin_nr++] = NULL;
+		flags |= PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH;
+		parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0, flags, prefix,
+			       (const char **)stdin_paths);
+
+	} else if (nul_term_line)
+		die(_("-z requires --stdin"));
+
 	unborn = !strcmp(rev, "HEAD") && get_oid("HEAD", &oid);
 	if (unborn) {
 		/* reset on unborn branch: treat as reset to empty tree */
@@ -416,5 +461,11 @@ int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!pathspec.nr)
 		remove_branch_state(the_repository);

+	if (stdin_paths) {
+		while (stdin_nr)
+			free(stdin_paths[--stdin_nr]);
+		free(stdin_paths);
+	}
+
 	return update_ref_status;
 }
--- a/cache-tree.c
+++ b/cache-tree.c
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 #include "object-store.h"
 #include "replace-object.h"

-#ifndef DEBUG
-#define DEBUG 0
+#ifndef DEBUG_CACHE_TREE
+#define DEBUG_CACHE_TREE 0
 #endif

 struct cache_tree *cache_tree(void)
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ static int do_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
 	int namelen;
 	struct cache_tree_sub *down;

-#if DEBUG
+#if DEBUG_CACHE_TREE
 	fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree invalidate <%s>\n", path);
 #endif

@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%o %.*s%c", mode, entlen, path + baselen, '\0');
 		strbuf_add(&buffer, oid->hash, the_hash_algo->rawsz);

-#if DEBUG
+#if DEBUG_CACHE_TREE
 		fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree update-one %o %.*s\n",
 			mode, entlen, path + baselen);
 #endif
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,

 	strbuf_release(&buffer);
 	it->entry_count = to_invalidate ? -1 : i - *skip_count;
-#if DEBUG
+#if DEBUG_CACHE_TREE
 	fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree update-one (%d ent, %d subtree) %s\n",
 		it->entry_count, it->subtree_nr,
 		oid_to_hex(&it->oid));
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ static void write_one(struct strbuf *buffer, struct cache_tree *it,
 	strbuf_add(buffer, path, pathlen);
 	strbuf_addf(buffer, "%c%d %d\n", 0, it->entry_count, it->subtree_nr);

-#if DEBUG
+#if DEBUG_CACHE_TREE
 	if (0 <= it->entry_count)
 		fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree <%.*s> (%d ent, %d subtree) %s\n",
 			pathlen, path, it->entry_count, it->subtree_nr,
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ static struct cache_tree *read_one(const char **buffer, unsigned long *size_p)
 		size -= rawsz;
 	}

-#if DEBUG
+#if DEBUG_CACHE_TREE
 	if (0 <= it->entry_count)
 		fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree <%s> (%d ent, %d subtree) %s\n",
 			*buffer, it->entry_count, subtree_nr,
--- a/compat/mingw.c
+++ b/compat/mingw.c
@@ -13,6 +13,19 @@

 static const int delay[] = { 0, 1, 10, 20, 40 };

+void open_in_gdb(void)
+{
+	static struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	extern char *_pgmptr;
+
+	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "mintty", "gdb", NULL);
+	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--pid=%d", getpid());
+	cp.clean_on_exit = 1;
+	if (start_command(&cp) < 0)
+		die_errno("Could not start gdb");
+	sleep(1);
+}
+
 int err_win_to_posix(DWORD winerr)
 {
 	int error = ENOSYS;
@@ -929,11 +942,19 @@ unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds)
 char *mingw_mktemp(char *template)
 {
 	wchar_t wtemplate[MAX_PATH];
+	int offset = 0;
+
 	if (xutftowcs_path(wtemplate, template) < 0)
 		return NULL;
+
+	if (is_dir_sep(template[0]) && !is_dir_sep(template[1]) &&
+	    iswalpha(wtemplate[0]) && wtemplate[1] == L':') {
+		/* We have an absolute path missing the drive prefix */
+		offset = 2;
+	}
 	if (!_wmktemp(wtemplate))
 		return NULL;
-	if (xwcstoutf(template, wtemplate, strlen(template) + 1) < 0)
+	if (xwcstoutf(template, wtemplate + offset, strlen(template) + 1) < 0)
 		return NULL;
 	return template;
 }
@@ -1161,14 +1182,21 @@ static char *lookup_prog(const char *dir, int dirlen, const char *cmd,
 			 int isexe, int exe_only)
 {
 	char path[MAX_PATH];
+	wchar_t wpath[MAX_PATH];
 	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%.*s\\%s.exe", dirlen, dir, cmd);

-	if (!isexe && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wpath, path) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!isexe && _waccess(wpath, F_OK) == 0)
 		return xstrdup(path);
-	path[strlen(path)-4] = '\0';
-	if ((!exe_only || isexe) && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
-		if (!(GetFileAttributes(path) & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+	wpath[wcslen(wpath)-4] = '\0';
+	if ((!exe_only || isexe) && _waccess(wpath, F_OK) == 0) {
+		if (!(GetFileAttributesW(wpath) & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) {
+			path[strlen(path)-4] = '\0';
 			return xstrdup(path);
+		}
+	}
 	return NULL;
 }

@@ -1407,7 +1435,7 @@ static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaen
 	do_unset_environment_variables();

 	/* Determine whether or not we are associated to a console */
-	cons = CreateFile("CONOUT$", GENERIC_WRITE,
+	cons = CreateFileA("CONOUT$", GENERIC_WRITE,
 			FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
 			FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
 	if (cons == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
@@ -1552,7 +1580,10 @@ static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
 	prog = path_lookup(interpr, 1);
 	if (prog) {
 		int argc = 0;
-		const char **argv2;
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+		const
+#endif
+		char **argv2;
 		while (argv[argc]) argc++;
 		ALLOC_ARRAY(argv2, argc + 1);
 		argv2[0] = (char *)cmd;	/* full path to the script file */
@@ -1705,142 +1736,10 @@ int mingw_putenv(const char *namevalue)
 	return result ? 0 : -1;
 }

-/*
- * Note, this isn't a complete replacement for getaddrinfo. It assumes
- * that service contains a numerical port, or that it is null. It
- * does a simple search using gethostbyname, and returns one IPv4 host
- * if one was found.
- */
-static int WSAAPI getaddrinfo_stub(const char *node, const char *service,
-				   const struct addrinfo *hints,
-				   struct addrinfo **res)
-{
-	struct hostent *h = NULL;
-	struct addrinfo *ai;
-	struct sockaddr_in *sin;
-
-	if (node) {
-		h = gethostbyname(node);
-		if (!h)
-			return WSAGetLastError();
-	}
-
-	ai = xmalloc(sizeof(struct addrinfo));
-	*res = ai;
-	ai->ai_flags = 0;
-	ai->ai_family = AF_INET;
-	ai->ai_socktype = hints ? hints->ai_socktype : 0;
-	switch (ai->ai_socktype) {
-	case SOCK_STREAM:
-		ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
-		break;
-	case SOCK_DGRAM:
-		ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP;
-		break;
-	default:
-		ai->ai_protocol = 0;
-		break;
-	}
-	ai->ai_addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
-	if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME))
-		ai->ai_canonname = h ? xstrdup(h->h_name) : NULL;
-	else
-		ai->ai_canonname = NULL;
-
-	sin = xcalloc(1, ai->ai_addrlen);
-	sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
-	/* Note: getaddrinfo is supposed to allow service to be a string,
-	 * which should be looked up using getservbyname. This is
-	 * currently not implemented */
-	if (service)
-		sin->sin_port = htons(atoi(service));
-	if (h)
-		sin->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *)h->h_addr;
-	else if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_PASSIVE))
-		sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
-	else
-		sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK;
-	ai->ai_addr = (struct sockaddr *)sin;
-	ai->ai_next = NULL;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void WSAAPI freeaddrinfo_stub(struct addrinfo *res)
-{
-	free(res->ai_canonname);
-	free(res->ai_addr);
-	free(res);
-}
-
-static int WSAAPI getnameinfo_stub(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
-				   char *host, DWORD hostlen,
-				   char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags)
-{
-	const struct sockaddr_in *sin = (const struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
-	if (sa->sa_family != AF_INET)
-		return EAI_FAMILY;
-	if (!host && !serv)
-		return EAI_NONAME;
-
-	if (host && hostlen > 0) {
-		struct hostent *ent = NULL;
-		if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICHOST))
-			ent = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&sin->sin_addr,
-					    sizeof(sin->sin_addr), AF_INET);
-
-		if (ent)
-			snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", ent->h_name);
-		else if (flags & NI_NAMEREQD)
-			return EAI_NONAME;
-		else
-			snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", inet_ntoa(sin->sin_addr));
-	}
-
-	if (serv && servlen > 0) {
-		struct servent *ent = NULL;
-		if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICSERV))
-			ent = getservbyport(sin->sin_port,
-					    flags & NI_DGRAM ? "udp" : "tcp");
-
-		if (ent)
-			snprintf(serv, servlen, "%s", ent->s_name);
-		else
-			snprintf(serv, servlen, "%d", ntohs(sin->sin_port));
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static HMODULE ipv6_dll = NULL;
-static void (WSAAPI *ipv6_freeaddrinfo)(struct addrinfo *res);
-static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getaddrinfo)(const char *node, const char *service,
-				      const struct addrinfo *hints,
-				      struct addrinfo **res);
-static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getnameinfo)(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
-				      char *host, DWORD hostlen,
-				      char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags);
-/*
- * gai_strerror is an inline function in the ws2tcpip.h header, so we
- * don't need to try to load that one dynamically.
- */
-
-static void socket_cleanup(void)
-{
-	WSACleanup();
-	if (ipv6_dll)
-		FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
-	ipv6_dll = NULL;
-	ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
-	ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
-	ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
-}
-
 static void ensure_socket_initialization(void)
 {
 	WSADATA wsa;
 	static int initialized = 0;
-	const char *libraries[] = { "ws2_32.dll", "wship6.dll", NULL };
-	const char **name;

 	if (initialized)
 		return;
@@ -1849,35 +1748,7 @@ static void ensure_socket_initialization(void)
 		die("unable to initialize winsock subsystem, error %d",
 			WSAGetLastError());

-	for (name = libraries; *name; name++) {
-		ipv6_dll = LoadLibraryExA(*name, NULL,
-					  LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_SYSTEM32);
-		if (!ipv6_dll)
-			continue;
-
-		ipv6_freeaddrinfo = (void (WSAAPI *)(struct addrinfo *))
-			GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "freeaddrinfo");
-		ipv6_getaddrinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const char *, const char *,
-						   const struct addrinfo *,
-						   struct addrinfo **))
-			GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getaddrinfo");
-		ipv6_getnameinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const struct sockaddr *,
-						   socklen_t, char *, DWORD,
-						   char *, DWORD, int))
-			GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getnameinfo");
-		if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
-			FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
-			ipv6_dll = NULL;
-		} else
-			break;
-	}
-	if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
-		ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
-		ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
-		ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
-	}
-
-	atexit(socket_cleanup);
+	atexit((void(*)(void)) WSACleanup);
 	initialized = 1;
 }

@@ -1895,24 +1766,12 @@ struct hostent *mingw_gethostbyname(const char *host)
 	return gethostbyname(host);
 }

-void mingw_freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res)
-{
-	ipv6_freeaddrinfo(res);
-}
-
+#undef getaddrinfo
 int mingw_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service,
 		      const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res)
 {
 	ensure_socket_initialization();
-	return ipv6_getaddrinfo(node, service, hints, res);
-}
-
-int mingw_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
-		      char *host, DWORD hostlen, char *serv, DWORD servlen,
-		      int flags)
-{
-	ensure_socket_initialization();
-	return ipv6_getnameinfo(sa, salen, host, hostlen, serv, servlen, flags);
+	return getaddrinfo(node, service, hints, res);
 }

 int mingw_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
@@ -2115,7 +1974,7 @@ struct passwd *getpwuid(int uid)
 		return p;

 	len = sizeof(user_name);
-	if (!GetUserName(user_name, &len)) {
+	if (!GetUserNameA(user_name, &len)) {
 		initialized = 1;
 		return NULL;
 	}
@@ -2279,8 +2138,34 @@ int mingw_raise(int sig)
 			sigint_fn(SIGINT);
 		return 0;

+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+		/*
+		 * <signal.h> in the CRT defines 8 signals as being
+		 * supported on the platform.  Anything else causes
+		 * an "Invalid signal or error" (which in DEBUG builds
+		 * causes the Abort/Retry/Ignore dialog).  We by-pass
+		 * the CRT for things we already know will fail.
+		 */
+		/*case SIGINT:*/
+	case SIGILL:
+	case SIGFPE:
+	case SIGSEGV:
+	case SIGTERM:
+	case SIGBREAK:
+	case SIGABRT:
+	case SIGABRT_COMPAT:
+		return raise(sig);
+	default:
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+
+#else
+
 	default:
 		return raise(sig);
+
+#endif
+
 	}
 }

@@ -2464,18 +2349,13 @@ static void setup_windows_environment(void)
 		setenv("TERM", "cygwin", 1);
 }

+#if !defined(_MSC_VER)
 /*
 * Disable MSVCRT command line wildcard expansion (__getmainargs called from
 * mingw startup code, see init.c in mingw runtime).
 */
 int _CRT_glob = 0;
-
-typedef struct {
-	int newmode;
-} _startupinfo;
-
-extern int __wgetmainargs(int *argc, wchar_t ***argv, wchar_t ***env, int glob,
-		_startupinfo *si);
+#endif

 static NORETURN void die_startup(void)
 {
@@ -2553,20 +2433,39 @@ static void maybe_redirect_std_handles(void)
 				  GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING);
 }

-void mingw_startup(void)
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+#include <crtdbg.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * We implement wmain() and compile with -municode, which would
+ * normally ignore main(), but we call the latter from the former
+ * so that we can handle non-ASCII command-line parameters
+ * appropriately.
+ *
+ * To be more compatible with the core git code, we convert
+ * argv into UTF8 and pass them directly to main().
+ */
+int wmain(int argc, const wchar_t **wargv)
 {
-	int i, maxlen, argc;
-	char *buffer;
-	wchar_t **wenv, **wargv;
-	_startupinfo si;
+	int i, maxlen, exit_status;
+	char *buffer, **save;
+	const char **argv;
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	_CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_ASSERT, _CRTDBG_MODE_DEBUG);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_MSVC_CRTDBG
+	_CrtSetDbgFlag(_CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF);
+#endif
+#endif

 	maybe_redirect_std_handles();

-	/* get wide char arguments and environment */
-	si.newmode = 0;
-	if (__wgetmainargs(&argc, &wargv, &wenv, _CRT_glob, &si) < 0)
-		die_startup();
-
 	/* determine size of argv and environ conversion buffer */
 	maxlen = wcslen(wargv[0]);
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
@@ -2576,9 +2475,16 @@ void mingw_startup(void)
 	maxlen = 3 * maxlen + 1;
 	buffer = malloc_startup(maxlen);

-	/* convert command line arguments and environment to UTF-8 */
+	/*
+	 * Create a UTF-8 version of w_argv. Also create a "save" copy
+	 * to remember all the string pointers because parse_options()
+	 * will remove claimed items from the argv that we pass down.
+	 */
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(argv, argc + 1);
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(save, argc + 1);
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
-		__argv[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wargv[i], maxlen);
+		argv[i] = save[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wargv[i], maxlen);
+	argv[i] = save[i] = NULL;
 	free(buffer);

 	/* fix Windows specific environment settings */
@@ -2597,6 +2503,16 @@ void mingw_startup(void)

 	/* initialize Unicode console */
 	winansi_init();
+
+	/* invoke the real main() using our utf8 version of argv. */
+	exit_status = main(argc, argv);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+		free(save[i]);
+	free(save);
+	free(argv);
+
+	return exit_status;
 }

 int uname(struct utsname *buf)
@@ -2611,3 +2527,17 @@ int uname(struct utsname *buf)
 		  "%u", (v >> 16) & 0x7fff);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+const char *program_data_config(void)
+{
+	static struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static unsigned initialized;
+
+	if (!initialized) {
+		const char *env = mingw_getenv("PROGRAMDATA");
+		if (env)
+			strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/Git/config", env);
+		initialized = 1;
+	}
+	return *path.buf ? path.buf : NULL;
+}
--- a/compat/mingw.h
+++ b/compat/mingw.h
@@ -296,18 +296,10 @@ int mingw_gethostname(char *host, int namelen);
 struct hostent *mingw_gethostbyname(const char *host);
 #define gethostbyname mingw_gethostbyname

-void mingw_freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res);
-#define freeaddrinfo mingw_freeaddrinfo
-
 int mingw_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service,
 		      const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res);
 #define getaddrinfo mingw_getaddrinfo

-int mingw_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
-		      char *host, DWORD hostlen, char *serv, DWORD servlen,
-		      int flags);
-#define getnameinfo mingw_getnameinfo
-
 int mingw_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
 #define socket mingw_socket

@@ -361,11 +353,13 @@ static inline int getrlimit(int resource, struct rlimit *rlp)
 #ifndef __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR
 #define off_t off64_t
 #define lseek _lseeki64
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
 struct timespec {
 	time_t tv_sec;
 	long tv_nsec;
 };
 #endif
+#endif

 struct mingw_stat {
    _dev_t st_dev;
@@ -452,6 +446,8 @@ static inline void convert_slashes(char *path)
 #define PATH_SEP ';'
 extern char *mingw_query_user_email(void);
 #define query_user_email mingw_query_user_email
+extern const char *program_data_config(void);
+#define git_program_data_config program_data_config
 #if !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER < 1800)
 #define PRIuMAX "I64u"
 #define PRId64 "I64d"
@@ -571,18 +567,28 @@ int xwcstoutf(char *utf, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t utflen);
 extern CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;

 /*
- * A replacement of main() that adds win32 specific initialization.
+ * Git, like most portable C applications, implements a main() function. On
+ * Windows, this main() function would receive parameters encoded in the
+ * current locale, but Git for Windows would prefer UTF-8 encoded  parameters.
+ *
+ * To make that happen, we still declare main() here, and then declare and
+ * implement wmain() (which is the Unicode variant of main()) and compile with
+ * -municode. This wmain() function reencodes the parameters from UTF-16 to
+ * UTF-8 format, sets up a couple of other things as required on Windows, and
+ * then hands off to the main() function.
 */
+int wmain(int argc, const wchar_t **w_argv);
+int main(int argc, const char **argv);

-void mingw_startup(void);
-#define main(c,v) dummy_decl_mingw_main(void); \
-static int mingw_main(c,v); \
-int main(int argc, const char **argv) \
-{ \
-	mingw_startup(); \
-	return mingw_main(__argc, (void *)__argv); \
-} \
-static int mingw_main(c,v)
+/*
+ * For debugging: if a problem occurs, say, in a Git process that is spawned
+ * from another Git process which in turn is spawned from yet another Git
+ * process, it can be quite daunting to figure out what is going on.
+ *
+ * Call this function to open a new MinTTY (this assumes you are in Git for
+ * Windows' SDK) with a GDB that attaches to the current process right away.
+ */
+extern void open_in_gdb(void);

 /*
 * Used by Pthread API implementation for Windows
--- a/compat/msvc.h
+++ b/compat/msvc.h
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@
 #include <malloc.h>
 #include <io.h>

+#pragma warning(disable: 4018) /* signed/unsigned comparison */
+#pragma warning(disable: 4244) /* type conversion, possible loss of data */
+#pragma warning(disable: 4090) /* 'function' : different 'const' qualifiers (ALLOC_GROW etc.)*/
+
 /* porting function */
 #define inline __inline
 #define __inline__ __inline
@@ -18,6 +22,12 @@

 #undef ERROR

+#define ftello _ftelli64
+
+typedef int sigset_t;
+/* open for reading, writing, or both (not in fcntl.h) */
+#define O_ACCMODE     (_O_RDONLY | _O_WRONLY | _O_RDWR)
+
 #include "compat/mingw.h"

 #endif
--- a/compat/obstack.h
+++ b/compat/obstack.h
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ __extension__								\
 ( (h)->temp.tempint = (char *) (obj) - (char *) (h)->chunk,		\
  ((((h)->temp.tempint > 0						\
    && (h)->temp.tempint < (h)->chunk_limit - (char *) (h)->chunk))	\
-   ? (int) ((h)->next_free = (h)->object_base				\
+   ? (ptrdiff_t) ((h)->next_free = (h)->object_base				\
 	    = (h)->temp.tempint + (char *) (h)->chunk)			\
   : (((obstack_free) ((h), (h)->temp.tempint + (char *) (h)->chunk), 0), 0)))

--- a/compat/poll/poll.c
+++ b/compat/poll/poll.c
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ win32_compute_revents (HANDLE h, int *p_sought)
      if (!once_only)
 	{
 	  NtQueryInformationFile = (PNtQueryInformationFile)
-	    GetProcAddress (GetModuleHandle ("ntdll.dll"),
+	    GetProcAddress (GetModuleHandleA ("ntdll.dll"),
 			    "NtQueryInformationFile");
 	  once_only = TRUE;
 	}
@@ -269,6 +269,20 @@ win32_compute_revents_socket (SOCKET h, int sought, long lNetworkEvents)
  return happened;
 }

+#include <windows.h>
+#include "compat/win32/lazyload.h"
+
+static ULONGLONG CompatGetTickCount64(void)
+{
+	DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(kernel32.dll, ULONGLONG, GetTickCount64, void);
+
+	if (!INIT_PROC_ADDR(GetTickCount64))
+		return (ULONGLONG)GetTickCount();
+
+	return GetTickCount64();
+}
+#define GetTickCount64 CompatGetTickCount64
+
 #else /* !MinGW */

 /* Convert select(2) returned fd_sets into poll(2) revents values.  */
--- a/compat/vcbuild/.gitignore
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/vcpkg/
+/MSVC-DEFS-GEN
+/VCPKG-DEFS
--- a/compat/vcbuild/README
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/README
@@ -1,3 +1,54 @@
+The Steps to Build Git with VS2015 or VS2017 from the command line.
+
+1. Install the "vcpkg" open source package manager and build essential
+   third-party libraries.  The steps for this have been captured in a
+   set of convenience scripts.  These can be run from a stock Command
+   Prompt or from an SDK bash window:
+
+   $ cd <repo_root>
+   $ ./compat/vcbuild/vcpkg_install.bat
+
+   The vcpkg tools and all of the third-party sources will be installed
+   in this folder:
+      <repo_root>/compat/vcbuild/vcpkg/
+
+   A file will be created with a set of Makefile macros pointing to a
+   unified "include", "lib", and "bin" directory (release and debug) for
+   all of the required packages.  This file will be included by the main
+   Makefile:
+      <repo_root>/compat/vcbuild/MSVC-DEFS-GEN
+
+2. OPTIONALLY copy the third-party *.dll and *.pdb files into the repo
+   root to make it easier to run and debug git.exe without having to
+   manipulate your PATH.  This is especially true for debug sessions in
+   Visual Studio.
+
+   Use ONE of the following forms which should match how you want to
+   compile git.exe.
+
+   $ ./compat/vcbuild/vcpkg_copy_packages.bat debug
+   $ ./compat/vcbuild/vcpkg_copy_packages.bat release
+
+3. Build git using MSVC from an SDK bash window using one of the
+   following commands:
+
+   $ make MSVC=1
+   $ make MSVC=1 DEBUG=1
+
+================================================================
+
+Alternatively, run `make MSVC=1 vcxproj` and then load the generated
+git.sln in Visual Studio. The initial build will install the vcpkg
+system and build the dependencies automatically. This will take a while.
+
+Note that this will automatically add and commit the generated
+.sln and .vcxproj files to the repo.  You may want to drop this
+commit before submitting a Pull Request....
+
+Or maybe we should put the .sln/.vcxproj files in the .gitignore file
+and not do this.  I'm not sure.
+
+================================================================
 The Steps of Build Git with VS2008

 1. You need the build environment, which contains the Git dependencies
--- a/compat/vcbuild/find_vs_env.bat
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/find_vs_env.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+@ECHO OFF
+REM ================================================================
+REM You can use either GCC (the default) or MSVC to build git
+REM using the GIT-SDK command line tools.
+REM        $ make
+REM        $ make MSVC=1
+REM
+REM GIT-SDK BASH windows inherit environment variables with all of
+REM the bin/lib/include paths for GCC.  It DOES NOT inherit values
+REM for the corresponding MSVC tools.
+REM
+REM During normal (non-git) Windows development, you launch one
+REM of the provided "developer command prompts" to set environment
+REM variables for the MSVC tools.
+REM
+REM Therefore, to allow MSVC command line builds of git from BASH
+REM and MAKE, we must blend these two different worlds.  This script
+REM attempts to do that.
+REM ================================================================
+REM This BAT file starts in a plain (non-developer) command prompt,
+REM searches for the "best" commmand prompt setup script, installs
+REM it into the current CMD process, and exports the various MSVC
+REM environment variables for use by MAKE.
+REM
+REM The output of this script should be written to a make "include
+REM file" and referenced by the top-level Makefile.
+REM
+REM See "config.mak.uname" (look for compat/vcbuild/MSVC-DEFS-GEN).
+REM ================================================================
+REM The provided command prompts are custom to each VS release and
+REM filled with lots of internal knowledge (such as Registry settings);
+REM even their names vary by release, so it is not appropriate for us
+REM to look inside them.  Rather, just run them in a subordinate
+REM process and extract the settings we need.
+REM ================================================================
+REM
+REM Current (VS2017 and beyond)
+REM -------------------
+REM Visual Studio 2017 introduced a new installation layout and
+REM support for side-by-side installation of multiple versions of
+REM VS2017.  Furthermore, these can all coexist with installations
+REM of previous versions of VS (which have a completely different
+REM layout on disk).
+REM
+REM VS2017 Update 2 introduced a "vswhere.exe" command:
+REM https://github.com/Microsoft/vswhere
+REM https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/heaths/2017/02/25/vswhere-available/
+REM https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/vcblog/2017/03/06/finding-the-visual-c-compiler-tools-in-visual-studio-2017/
+REM
+REM VS2015
+REM ------
+REM Visual Studio 2015 uses the traditional VcVarsAll.
+REM
+REM Earlier Versions
+REM ----------------
+REM TODO
+REM
+REM ================================================================
+REM Note: Throughout this script we use "dir <path> && <cmd>" rather
+REM than "if exist <path>" because of script problems with pathnames
+REM containing spaces.
+REM ================================================================
+
+REM Sanitize PATH to prevent git-sdk paths from confusing "wmic.exe"
+REM (called internally in some of the system BAT files).
+SET PATH=%SystemRoot%\system32;%SystemRoot%;%SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem;
+
+REM ================================================================
+
+:current
+   SET vs_where=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe
+   dir "%vs_where%" >nul 2>nul && GOTO have_vs_where
+   GOTO not_2017
+
+:have_vs_where
+   REM Try to use VsWhere to get the location of VsDevCmd.
+
+   REM Keep VsDevCmd from cd'ing away.
+   SET VSCMD_START_DIR=.
+
+   REM Get the root of the VS product installation.
+   FOR /F "usebackq tokens=*" %%i IN (`"%vs_where%" -latest -requires Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.NativeDesktop -property installationPath`) DO @SET vs_ip=%%i
+
+   SET vs_devcmd=%vs_ip%\Common7\Tools\VsDevCmd.bat
+   dir "%vs_devcmd%" >nul 2>nul && GOTO have_vs_devcmd
+   GOTO not_2017
+
+:have_vs_devcmd
+   REM Use VsDevCmd to setup the environment of this process.
+   REM Setup CL for building 64-bit apps using 64-bit tools.
+   @call "%vs_devcmd%" -no_logo -arch=x64 -host_arch=x64
+
+   SET tgt=%VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH%
+
+   SET mn=%VCToolsInstallDir%
+   SET msvc_includes=-I"%mn%INCLUDE"
+   SET msvc_libs=-L"%mn%lib\%tgt%"
+   SET msvc_bin_dir=%mn%bin\Host%VSCMD_ARG_HOST_ARCH%\%tgt%
+
+   SET sdk_dir=%WindowsSdkDir%
+   SET sdk_ver=%WindowsSDKVersion%
+   SET si=%sdk_dir%Include\%sdk_ver%
+   SET sdk_includes=-I"%si%ucrt" -I"%si%um" -I"%si%shared"
+   SET sl=%sdk_dir%lib\%sdk_ver%
+   SET sdk_libs=-L"%sl%ucrt\%tgt%" -L"%sl%um\%tgt%"
+
+   SET vs_ver=%VisualStudioVersion%
+
+   GOTO print_vars
+
+REM ================================================================
+
+:not_2017
+   REM See if VS2015 is installed.
+
+   SET vs_2015_bat=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
+   dir "%vs_2015_bat%" >nul 2>nul && GOTO have_vs_2015
+   GOTO not_2015
+
+:have_vs_2015
+   REM Use VcVarsAll like the "x64 Native" command prompt.
+   REM Setup CL for building 64-bit apps using 64-bit tools.
+   @call "%vs_2015_bat%" amd64
+
+   REM Note that in VS2015 they use "x64" in some contexts and "amd64" in others.
+   SET mn=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\
+   SET msvc_includes=-I"%mn%INCLUDE"
+   SET msvc_libs=-L"%mn%lib\amd64"
+   SET msvc_bin_dir=%mn%bin\amd64
+
+   SET sdk_dir=%WindowsSdkDir%
+   SET sdk_ver=%WindowsSDKVersion%
+   SET si=%sdk_dir%Include\%sdk_ver%
+   SET sdk_includes=-I"%si%ucrt" -I"%si%um" -I"%si%shared" -I"%si%winrt"
+   SET sl=%sdk_dir%lib\%sdk_ver%
+   SET sdk_libs=-L"%sl%ucrt\x64" -L"%sl%um\x64"
+
+   SET vs_ver=%VisualStudioVersion%
+
+   GOTO print_vars
+
+REM ================================================================
+
+:not_2015
+   REM TODO....
+   echo TODO support older versions of VS. >&2
+   EXIT /B 1
+
+REM ================================================================
+
+:print_vars
+   REM Dump the essential vars to stdout to allow the main
+   REM Makefile to include it.  See config.mak.uname.
+   REM Include DOS-style and BASH-style path for bin dir.
+
+   echo msvc_bin_dir=%msvc_bin_dir%
+   SET X1=%msvc_bin_dir:C:=/C%
+   SET X2=%X1:\=/%
+   echo msvc_bin_dir_msys=%X2%
+
+   echo msvc_includes=%msvc_includes%
+   echo msvc_libs=%msvc_libs%
+
+   echo sdk_includes=%sdk_includes%
+   echo sdk_libs=%sdk_libs%
+
+   echo vs_ver=%vs_ver%
+
+   EXIT /B 0
--- a/compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
@@ -12,32 +12,49 @@
 use strict;
 my @args = ();
 my @cflags = ();
+my @lflags = ();
 my $is_linking = 0;
+my $is_debug = 0;
 while (@ARGV) {
 	my $arg = shift @ARGV;
-	if ("$arg" =~ /^-[DIMGO]/) {
+	if ("$arg" eq "-DDEBUG") {
+	    # Some vcpkg-based libraries have different names for release
+	    # and debug versions.  This hack assumes that -DDEBUG comes
+	    # before any "-l*" flags.
+	    $is_debug = 1;
+	}
+	if ("$arg" =~ /^-[DIMGOZ]/) {
 		push(@cflags, $arg);
 	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-o") {
 		my $file_out = shift @ARGV;
 		if ("$file_out" =~ /exe$/) {
 			$is_linking = 1;
+			# Create foo.exe and foo.pdb
 			push(@args, "-OUT:$file_out");
 		} else {
+			# Create foo.o and foo.o.pdb
 			push(@args, "-Fo$file_out");
+			push(@args, "-Fd$file_out.pdb");
 		}
 	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-lz") {
+	    if ($is_debug) {
+		push(@args, "zlibd.lib");
+	    } else{
 		push(@args, "zlib.lib");
+	    }
 	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-liconv") {
-		push(@args, "iconv.lib");
+		push(@args, "libiconv.lib");
 	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-lcrypto") {
 		push(@args, "libeay32.lib");
 	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-lssl") {
 		push(@args, "ssleay32.lib");
 	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-lcurl") {
 		push(@args, "libcurl.lib");
+	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-lexpat") {
+		push(@args, "expat.lib");
 	} elsif ("$arg" =~ /^-L/ && "$arg" ne "-LTCG") {
 		$arg =~ s/^-L/-LIBPATH:/;
-		push(@args, $arg);
+		push(@lflags, $arg);
 	} elsif ("$arg" =~ /^-R/) {
 		# eat
 	} else {
@@ -45,10 +62,11 @@ while (@ARGV) {
 	}
 }
 if ($is_linking) {
+	push(@args, @lflags);
 	unshift(@args, "link.exe");
 } else {
 	unshift(@args, "cl.exe");
 	push(@args, @cflags);
 }
-#printf("**** @args\n");
+printf(STDERR "**** @args\n\n\n") if (!defined($ENV{'QUIET_GEN'}));
 exit (system(@args) != 0);
--- a/compat/vcbuild/vcpkg_copy_dlls.bat
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/vcpkg_copy_dlls.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+@ECHO OFF
+REM ================================================================
+REM This script is an optional step. It copies the *.dll and *.pdb
+REM files (created by vcpkg_install.bat) into the top-level directory
+REM of the repo so that you can type "./git.exe" and find them without
+REM having to fixup your PATH.
+REM
+REM NOTE: Because the names of some DLL files change between DEBUG and
+REM NOTE: RELEASE builds when built using "vcpkg.exe", you will need
+REM NOTE: to copy up the corresponding version.
+REM ================================================================
+
+	SETLOCAL EnableDelayedExpansion
+
+	@FOR /F "delims=" %%D IN ("%~dp0") DO @SET cwd=%%~fD
+	cd %cwd%
+
+	SET arch=x64-windows
+	SET inst=%cwd%vcpkg\installed\%arch%
+
+	IF [%1]==[release] (
+		echo Copying RELEASE mode DLLs to repo root...
+	) ELSE IF [%1]==[debug] (
+		SET inst=%inst%\debug
+		echo Copying DEBUG mode DLLs to repo root...
+	) ELSE (
+		echo ERROR: Invalid argument.
+		echo Usage: %~0 release
+		echo Usage: %~0 debug
+		EXIT /B 1
+	)
+
+	xcopy /e/s/v/y %inst%\bin\*.dll ..\..\
+	xcopy /e/s/v/y %inst%\bin\*.pdb ..\..\
+
+	xcopy /e/s/v/y %inst%\bin\*.dll ..\..\t\helper\
+	xcopy /e/s/v/y %inst%\bin\*.pdb ..\..\t\helper\
+
+	EXIT /B 0
--- a/compat/vcbuild/vcpkg_install.bat
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/vcpkg_install.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+@ECHO OFF
+REM ================================================================
+REM This script installs the "vcpkg" source package manager and uses
+REM it to build the third-party libraries that git requires when it
+REM is built using MSVC.
+REM
+REM [1] Install VCPKG.
+REM     [a] Create <root>/compat/vcbuild/vcpkg/
+REM     [b] Download "vcpkg".
+REM     [c] Compile using the currently installed version of VS.
+REM     [d] Create <root>/compat/vcbuild/vcpkg/vcpkg.exe
+REM
+REM [2] Install third-party libraries.
+REM     [a] Download each (which may also install CMAKE).
+REM     [b] Compile in RELEASE mode and install in:
+REM         vcpkg/installed/<arch>/{bin,lib}
+REM     [c] Compile in DEBUG mode and install in:
+REM         vcpkg/installed/<arch>/debug/{bin,lib}
+REM     [d] Install headers in:
+REM         vcpkg/installed/<arch>/include
+REM
+REM [3] Create a set of MAKE definitions for the top-level
+REM     Makefile to allow "make MSVC=1" to find the above
+REM     third-party libraries.
+REM     [a] Write vcpkg/VCPGK-DEFS
+REM
+REM https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/vcblog/2016/09/19/vcpkg-a-tool-to-acquire-and-build-c-open-source-libraries-on-windows/
+REM https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg
+REM https://vcpkg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+REM ================================================================
+
+	SETLOCAL EnableDelayedExpansion
+
+	@FOR /F "delims=" %%D IN ("%~dp0") DO @SET cwd=%%~fD
+	cd %cwd%
+
+	dir vcpkg\vcpkg.exe >nul 2>nul && GOTO :install_libraries
+
+	echo Fetching vcpkg in %cwd%vcpkg
+	git.exe clone https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg vcpkg
+	IF ERRORLEVEL 1 ( EXIT /B 1 )
+
+	cd vcpkg
+	echo Building vcpkg
+	powershell -exec bypass scripts\bootstrap.ps1
+	IF ERRORLEVEL 1 ( EXIT /B 1 )
+
+	echo Successfully installed %cwd%vcpkg\vcpkg.exe
+
+:install_libraries
+	SET arch=x64-windows
+
+	echo Installing third-party libraries...
+	FOR %%i IN (zlib expat libiconv openssl libssh2 curl) DO (
+	    cd %cwd%vcpkg
+	    SET p="packages\%%i_%arch%"
+	    IF NOT EXIST "%p%" CALL :sub__install_one %%i
+	    IF ERRORLEVEL 1 ( EXIT /B 1 )
+	)
+
+:install_defines
+	cd %cwd%
+	SET inst=%cwd%vcpkg\installed\%arch%
+
+	echo vcpkg_inc=-I"%inst%\include">VCPKG-DEFS
+	echo vcpkg_rel_lib=-L"%inst%\lib">>VCPKG-DEFS
+	echo vcpkg_rel_bin="%inst%\bin">>VCPKG-DEFS
+	echo vcpkg_dbg_lib=-L"%inst%\debug\lib">>VCPKG-DEFS
+	echo vcpkg_dbg_bin="%inst%\debug\bin">>VCPKG-DEFS
+
+	EXIT /B 0
+
+
+:sub__install_one
+	echo     Installing package %1...
+
+	.\vcpkg.exe install %1:%arch%
+	IF ERRORLEVEL 1 ( EXIT /B 1 )
+
+	echo     Finished %1
+	goto :EOF
--- a/compat/winansi.c
+++ b/compat/winansi.c
@@ -544,7 +544,20 @@ static HANDLE swap_osfhnd(int fd, HANDLE new_handle)
 #ifdef DETECT_MSYS_TTY

 #include <winternl.h>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+typedef struct _OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION
+{
+	UNICODE_STRING Name;
+	WCHAR NameBuffer[0];
+} OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION, *POBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION;
+
+#define ObjectNameInformation 1
+
+#else
 #include <ntstatus.h>
+#endif

 static void detect_msys_tty(int fd)
 {
@@ -620,12 +633,12 @@ void winansi_init(void)

 	/* create a named pipe to communicate with the console thread */
 	xsnprintf(name, sizeof(name), "\\\\.\\pipe\\winansi%lu", GetCurrentProcessId());
-	hwrite = CreateNamedPipe(name, PIPE_ACCESS_OUTBOUND,
+	hwrite = CreateNamedPipeA(name, PIPE_ACCESS_OUTBOUND,
 		PIPE_TYPE_BYTE | PIPE_WAIT, 1, BUFFER_SIZE, 0, 0, NULL);
 	if (hwrite == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 		die_lasterr("CreateNamedPipe failed");

-	hread = CreateFile(name, GENERIC_READ, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
+	hread = CreateFileA(name, GENERIC_READ, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
 	if (hread == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 		die_lasterr("CreateFile for named pipe failed");

--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -1674,9 +1674,16 @@ static int do_git_config_sequence(const struct config_options *opts,
 		repo_config = NULL;

 	current_parsing_scope = CONFIG_SCOPE_SYSTEM;
-	if (git_config_system() && !access_or_die(git_etc_gitconfig(), R_OK, 0))
-		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, git_etc_gitconfig(),
-					    data);
+	if (git_config_system()) {
+		if (git_program_data_config() &&
+		    !access_or_die(git_program_data_config(), R_OK, 0))
+			ret += git_config_from_file(fn,
+						    git_program_data_config(),
+						    data);
+		if (!access_or_die(git_etc_gitconfig(), R_OK, 0))
+			ret += git_config_from_file(fn, git_etc_gitconfig(),
+						    data);
+	}

 	current_parsing_scope = CONFIG_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
 	if (xdg_config && !access_or_die(xdg_config, R_OK, ACCESS_EACCES_OK))
--- a/config.mak.uname
+++ b/config.mak.uname
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 # Platform specific Makefile tweaks based on uname detection

+# Define NO_SAFESEH if you need MSVC/Visual Studio to ignore the lack of
+# Microsoft's Safe Exception Handling in libraries (such as zlib).
+# Typically required for VS2013+/32-bit compilation on Vista+ versions.
+
 uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
 uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo not')
 uname_O := $(shell sh -c 'uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo not')
@@ -11,6 +15,21 @@ ifdef MSVC
 	# avoid the MingW and Cygwin configuration sections
 	uname_S := Windows
 	uname_O := Windows
+
+	# Generate and include makefile variables that point to the
+	# currently installed set of MSVC command line tools.
+compat/vcbuild/MSVC-DEFS-GEN: compat/vcbuild/find_vs_env.bat
+	@"$<" | tr '\\' / >"$@"
+include compat/vcbuild/MSVC-DEFS-GEN
+
+	# See if vcpkg and the vcpkg-build versions of the third-party
+	# libraries that we use are installed.  We include the result
+	# to get $(vcpkg_*) variables defined for the Makefile.
+ifeq (,$(SKIP_VCPKG))
+compat/vcbuild/VCPKG-DEFS: compat/vcbuild/vcpkg_install.bat
+	@"$<"
+include compat/vcbuild/VCPKG-DEFS
+endif
 endif

 # We choose to avoid "if .. else if .. else .. endif endif"
@@ -352,6 +371,19 @@ endif
 ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
 	GIT_VERSION := $(GIT_VERSION).MSVC
 	pathsep = ;
+	# Assume that this is built in Git for Windows' SDK
+	ifeq (MINGW32,$(MSYSTEM))
+		prefix = /mingw32
+	else
+		prefix = /mingw64
+	endif
+	# Prepend MSVC 64-bit tool-chain to PATH.
+	#
+	# A regular Git Bash *does not* have cl.exe in its $PATH. As there is a
+	# link.exe next to, and required by, cl.exe, we have to prepend this
+	# onto the existing $PATH.
+	#
+	SANE_TOOL_PATH ?= $(msvc_bin_dir_msys)
 	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
 	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
 	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
@@ -364,11 +396,14 @@ ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
 	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
 	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
 	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	# NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
 	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
 	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	NO_INTTYPES_H = YesPlease
+	# VS2015 with UCRT claims that snprintf and friends are C99 compliant,
+	# so we don't need this:
+	#
+	#   SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
 	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
 	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
 	HAVE_WPGMPTR = YesWeDo
@@ -381,7 +416,6 @@ ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
 	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
 	NO_GETTEXT = YesPlease
 	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
-	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
 	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
 	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
 	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
@@ -390,24 +424,48 @@ ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
 	CC = compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
 	AR = compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
 	CFLAGS =
-	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -I../zlib -Icompat/vcbuild -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
 	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/winansi.o \
 		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
 		compat/win32/dirent.o
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -Icompat -Icompat/regex -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE
-	EXTLIBS = user32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib invalidcontinue.obj
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DDETECT_MSYS_TTY -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -Icompat -Icompat/regex -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -ENTRY:wmainCRTStartup -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE
+	# invalidcontinue.obj allows Git's source code to close the same file
+	# handle twice, or to access the osfhandle of an already-closed stdout
+	# See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms235330.aspx
+	EXTLIBS = user32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib invalidcontinue.obj kernel32.lib ntdll.lib
 	PTHREAD_LIBS =
 	lib =
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPROTECT_NTFS_DEFAULT=1
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += $(vcpkg_inc) $(sdk_includes) $(msvc_includes)
 ifndef DEBUG
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -GL -Os -MD
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -LTCG
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += $(vcpkg_rel_lib)
+else
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += $(vcpkg_dbg_lib)
+endif
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += $(sdk_libs) $(msvc_libs)
+
+	# Optionally enable memory leak reporting.
+	# BASIC_CLFAGS += -DUSE_MSVC_CRTDBG
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPROTECT_NTFS_DEFAULT=1
+	# Always give "-Zi" to the compiler and "-debug" to linker (even in
+	# release mode) to force a PDB to be generated (like RelWithDebInfo).
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Zi
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -debug
+
+ifdef NO_SAFESEH
+	LDFLAGS += -SAFESEH:NO
+endif
+
+ifndef DEBUG
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -GL -Gy -O2 -Oy- -MD -DNDEBUG
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -release -LTCG /OPT:REF /OPT:ICF /INCREMENTAL:NO /DEBUGTYPE:CV,FIXUP
 	AR += -LTCG
 else
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Zi -MDd
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -MDd -DDEBUG -D_DEBUG
 endif
 	X = .exe
+
+compat/msvc.o: compat/msvc.c compat/mingw.c GIT-CFLAGS
 endif
 ifeq ($(uname_S),Interix)
 	NO_INITGROUPS = YesPlease
@@ -529,7 +587,6 @@ ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
 	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
 	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
 	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
-	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
 	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
 	HAVE_WPGMPTR = YesWeDo
 	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
@@ -543,6 +600,7 @@ ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
 	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
 	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
 	DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT = html
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -municode
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/win32
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/winansi.o \
@@ -570,13 +628,21 @@ else
 	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '2\.'),2)
 		# MSys2
 		prefix = /usr/
+		# Enable DEP
+		BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--nxcompat
+		# Enable ASLR (unless debugging)
+		ifneq (,$(findstring -O,$(CFLAGS)))
+			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--dynamicbase
+		endif
 		ifeq (MINGW32,$(MSYSTEM))
 			prefix = /mingw32
 			HOST_CPU = i686
+			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--pic-executable,-e,_mainCRTStartup
 		endif
 		ifeq (MINGW64,$(MSYSTEM))
 			prefix = /mingw64
 			HOST_CPU = x86_64
+			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--pic-executable,-e,mainCRTStartup
 		else
 			COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D_USE_32BIT_TIME_T
 			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--large-address-aware
@@ -615,3 +681,77 @@ ifeq ($(uname_S),QNX)
 	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
 	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
 endif
+
+vcxproj:
+	# Require clean work tree
+	git update-index -q --refresh && \
+	git diff-files --quiet && \
+	git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD --
+
+	# Make .vcxproj files and add them
+	unset QUIET_GEN QUIET_BUILT_IN; \
+	perl contrib/buildsystems/generate -g Vcxproj
+	git add -f git.sln {*,*/lib,t/helper/*}/*.vcxproj
+
+	# Generate the LinkOrCopyBuiltins.targets file
+	(echo '<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">' && \
+	 echo '  <Target Name="CopyBuiltins_AfterBuild" AfterTargets="AfterBuild">' && \
+	 for name in $(BUILT_INS);\
+	 do \
+	   echo '    <Copy SourceFiles="$$(OutDir)\git.exe" DestinationFiles="$$(OutDir)\'"$$name"'" SkipUnchangedFiles="true" UseHardlinksIfPossible="true" />'; \
+	 done && \
+	 for name in $(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES); \
+	 do \
+	   echo '    <Copy SourceFiles="$$(OutDir)\'"$(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY)"'" DestinationFiles="$$(OutDir)\'"$$name"'" SkipUnchangedFiles="true" UseHardlinksIfPossible="true" />'; \
+	 done && \
+	 echo '  </Target>' && \
+	 echo '</Project>') >git/LinkOrCopyBuiltins.targets
+	git add -f git/LinkOrCopyBuiltins.targets
+
+	# Add command-list.h
+	$(MAKE) MSVC=1 SKIP_VCPKG=1 prefix=/mingw64 command-list.h
+	git add -f command-list.h
+
+	# Add scripts
+	rm -f perl/perl.mak
+	$(MAKE) MSVC=1 SKIP_VCPKG=1 prefix=/mingw64 \
+		$(SCRIPT_LIB) $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN) $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN)
+	# Strip out the sane tool path, needed only for building
+	sed -i '/^git_broken_path_fix ".*/d' git-sh-setup
+	git add -f $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN) $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN)
+
+	# Add Perl module
+	$(MAKE) $(LIB_PERL_GEN)
+	git add -f perl/build
+
+	# Add bin-wrappers, for testing
+	rm -rf bin-wrappers/
+	$(MAKE) MSVC=1 SKIP_VCPKG=1 prefix=/mingw64 $(test_bindir_programs)
+	# Ensure that the GIT_EXEC_PATH is a Unix-y one, and that the absolute
+	# path of the repository is not hard-coded (GIT_EXEC_PATH will be set
+	# by test-lib.sh according to the current setup)
+	sed -i -e 's/^\(GIT_EXEC_PATH\)=.*/test -n "$${\1##*:*}" ||\
+			\1="$$(cygpath -u "$$\1")"/' \
+		-e "s|'$$(pwd)|\"\$$GIT_EXEC_PATH\"'|g" bin-wrappers/*
+	# Ensure that test-* helpers find the .dll files copied to top-level
+	sed -i 's|^PATH=.*|&:"$$GIT_EXEC_PATH"|' bin-wrappers/test-*
+	# We do not want to force hard-linking builtins
+	sed -i 's|\(git\)-\([-a-z]*\)\.exe"|\1.exe" \2|g' \
+		bin-wrappers/git-{receive-pack,upload-archive}
+	git add -f $(test_bindir_programs)
+	# remote-ext is a builtin, but invoked as if it were external
+	sed 's|receive-pack|remote-ext|g' \
+		<bin-wrappers/git-receive-pack >bin-wrappers/git-remote-ext
+	git add -f bin-wrappers/git-remote-ext
+
+	# Add templates
+	$(MAKE) -C templates
+	git add -f templates/boilerplates.made templates/blt/
+
+	# Add build options
+	$(MAKE) MSVC=1 SKIP_VCPKG=1 prefix=/mingw64 GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+	git add -f GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+
+	# Commit the whole shebang
+	git commit -m "Generate Visual Studio solution" \
+		-m "Auto-generated by \`$(MAKE)$(MAKEFLAGS) $@\`"
--- a/connect.c
+++ b/connect.c
@@ -915,6 +915,10 @@ static enum protocol parse_connect_url(const char *url_orig, char **ret_host,

 	if (protocol == PROTO_LOCAL)
 		path = end;
+	else if (protocol == PROTO_FILE && *host != '/' &&
+		 !has_dos_drive_prefix(host) &&
+		 offset_1st_component(host - 2) > 1)
+		path = host - 2; /* include the leading "//" */
 	else if (protocol == PROTO_FILE && has_dos_drive_prefix(end))
 		path = end; /* "file://$(pwd)" may be "file://C:/projects/repo" */
 	else
--- a/contrib/buildsystems/Generators.pm
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/Generators.pm
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ BEGIN {
    $me = dirname($me);
    if (opendir(D,"$me/Generators")) {
        foreach my $gen (readdir(D)) {
-            next if ($gen  =~ /^\.\.?$/);
+            next unless ($gen  =~ /\.pm$/);
            require "${me}/Generators/$gen";
            $gen =~ s,\.pm,,;
            push(@AVAILABLE, $gen);
--- a/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/Vcproj.pm
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/Vcproj.pm
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ require Exporter;

 use strict;
 use vars qw($VERSION);
+use Digest::SHA qw(sha256_hex);

 our $VERSION = '1.00';
 our(@ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK, @AVAILABLE);
@@ -12,59 +13,12 @@ BEGIN {
    push @EXPORT_OK, qw(generate);
 }

-my $guid_index = 0;
-my @GUIDS = (
-    "{E07B9989-2BF7-4F21-8918-BE22BA467AC3}",
-    "{278FFB51-0296-4A44-A81A-22B87B7C3592}",
-    "{7346A2C4-F0FD-444F-9EBE-1AF23B2B5650}",
-    "{67F421AC-EB34-4D49-820B-3196807B423F}",
-    "{385DCFE1-CC8C-4211-A451-80FCFC31CA51}",
-    "{97CC46C5-D2CC-4D26-B634-E75792B79916}",
-    "{C7CE21FE-6EF8-4012-A5C7-A22BCEDFBA11}",
-    "{51575134-3FDF-42D1-BABD-3FB12669C6C9}",
-    "{0AE195E4-9823-4B87-8E6F-20C5614AF2FF}",
-    "{4B918255-67CA-43BB-A46C-26704B666E6B}",
-    "{18CCFEEF-C8EE-4CC1-A265-26F95C9F4649}",
-    "{5D5D90FA-01B7-4973-AFE5-CA88C53AC197}",
-    "{1F054320-036D-49E1-B384-FB5DF0BC8AC0}",
-    "{7CED65EE-F2D9-4171-825B-C7D561FE5786}",
-    "{8D341679-0F07-4664-9A56-3BA0DE88B9BC}",
-    "{C189FEDC-2957-4BD7-9FA4-7622241EA145}",
-    "{66844203-1B9F-4C53-9274-164FFF95B847}",
-    "{E4FEA145-DECC-440D-AEEA-598CF381FD43}",
-    "{73300A8E-C8AC-41B0-B555-4F596B681BA7}",
-    "{873FDEB1-D01D-40BF-A1BF-8BBC58EC0F51}",
-    "{7922C8BE-76C5-4AC6-8BF7-885C0F93B782}",
-    "{E245D370-308B-4A49-BFC1-1E527827975F}",
-    "{F6FA957B-66FC-4ED7-B260-E59BBE4FE813}",
-    "{E6055070-0198-431A-BC49-8DB6CEE770AE}",
-    "{54159234-C3EB-43DA-906B-CE5DA5C74654}",
-    "{594CFC35-0B60-46F6-B8EF-9983ACC1187D}",
-    "{D93FCAB7-1F01-48D2-B832-F761B83231A5}",
-    "{DBA5E6AC-E7BE-42D3-8703-4E787141526E}",
-    "{6171953F-DD26-44C7-A3BE-CC45F86FC11F}",
-    "{9E19DDBE-F5E4-4A26-A2FE-0616E04879B8}",
-    "{AE81A615-99E3-4885-9CE0-D9CAA193E867}",
-    "{FBF4067E-1855-4F6C-8BCD-4D62E801A04D}",
-    "{17007948-6593-4AEB-8106-F7884B4F2C19}",
-    "{199D4C8D-8639-4DA6-82EF-08668C35DEE0}",
-    "{E085E50E-C140-4CF3-BE4B-094B14F0DDD6}",
-    "{00785268-A9CC-4E40-AC29-BAC0019159CE}",
-    "{4C06F56A-DCDB-46A6-B67C-02339935CF12}",
-    "{3A62D3FD-519E-4EC9-8171-D2C1BFEA022F}",
-    "{3A62D3FD-519E-4EC9-8171-D2C1BFEA022F}",
-    "{9392EB58-D7BA-410B-B1F0-B2FAA6BC89A7}",
-    "{2ACAB2D5-E0CE-4027-BCA0-D78B2D7A6C66}",
-    "{86E216C3-43CE-481A-BCB2-BE5E62850635}",
-    "{FB631291-7923-4B91-9A57-7B18FDBB7A42}",
-    "{0A176EC9-E934-45B8-B87F-16C7F4C80039}",
-    "{DF55CA80-46E8-4C53-B65B-4990A23DD444}",
-    "{3A0F9895-55D2-4710-BE5E-AD7498B5BF44}",
-    "{294BDC5A-F448-48B6-8110-DD0A81820F8C}",
-    "{4B9F66E9-FAC9-47AB-B1EF-C16756FBFD06}",
-    "{72EA49C6-2806-48BD-B81B-D4905102E19C}",
-    "{5728EB7E-8929-486C-8CD5-3238D060E768}"
-);
+sub generate_guid ($) {
+    my $hex = sha256_hex($_[0]);
+    $hex =~ s/^(.{8})(.{4})(.{4})(.{4})(.{12}).*/{$1-$2-$3-$4-$5}/;
+    $hex =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/;
+    return $hex;
+}

 sub generate {
    my ($git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure) = @_;
@@ -92,9 +46,8 @@ sub createLibProject {
    $target =~ s/\//_/g;
    $target =~ s/\.a//;

-    my $uuid = $GUIDS[$guid_index];
+    my $uuid = generate_guid($libname);
    $$build_structure{"LIBS_${target}_GUID"} = $uuid;
-    $guid_index += 1;

    my @srcs = sort(map("$rel_dir\\$_", @{$$build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_SOURCES"}}));
    my @sources;
@@ -106,6 +59,8 @@ sub createLibProject {
    my $includes= join(";", sort(map("&quot;$rel_dir\\$_&quot;", @{$$build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_INCLUDES"}})));
    my $cflags  = join(" ", sort(@{$$build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_CFLAGS"}}));
    $cflags =~ s/\"/&quot;/g;
+    $cflags =~ s/</&lt;/g;
+    $cflags =~ s/>/&gt;/g;

    my $cflags_debug = $cflags;
    $cflags_debug =~ s/-MT/-MTd/;
@@ -127,6 +82,8 @@ sub createLibProject {

    $defines =~ s/-D//g;
    $defines =~ s/\"/\\&quot;/g;
+    $defines =~ s/</&lt;/g;
+    $defines =~ s/>/&gt;/g;
    $defines =~ s/\'//g;
    $includes =~ s/-I//g;
    mkdir "$target" || die "Could not create the directory $target for lib project!\n";
@@ -162,9 +119,6 @@ sub createLibProject {
 			<Tool
 				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
 			/>
-			<Tool
-				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
-			/>
 			<Tool
 				Name="VCMIDLTool"
 			/>
@@ -228,9 +182,6 @@ sub createLibProject {
 			<Tool
 				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
 			/>
-			<Tool
-				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
-			/>
 			<Tool
 				Name="VCMIDLTool"
 			/>
@@ -311,9 +262,8 @@ sub createAppProject {
    $target =~ s/\//_/g;
    $target =~ s/\.exe//;

-    my $uuid = $GUIDS[$guid_index];
+    my $uuid = generate_guid($appname);
    $$build_structure{"APPS_${target}_GUID"} = $uuid;
-    $guid_index += 1;

    my @srcs = sort(map("$rel_dir\\$_", @{$$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_SOURCES"}}));
    my @sources;
@@ -325,6 +275,8 @@ sub createAppProject {
    my $includes= join(";", sort(map("&quot;$rel_dir\\$_&quot;", @{$$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_INCLUDES"}})));
    my $cflags  = join(" ", sort(@{$$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_CFLAGS"}}));
    $cflags =~ s/\"/&quot;/g;
+    $cflags =~ s/</&lt;/g;
+    $cflags =~ s/>/&gt;/g;

    my $cflags_debug = $cflags;
    $cflags_debug =~ s/-MT/-MTd/;
@@ -351,6 +303,8 @@ sub createAppProject {

    $defines =~ s/-D//g;
    $defines =~ s/\"/\\&quot;/g;
+    $defines =~ s/</&lt;/g;
+    $defines =~ s/>/&gt;/g;
    $defines =~ s/\'//g;
    $defines =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
    $includes =~ s/-I//g;
@@ -387,9 +341,6 @@ sub createAppProject {
 			<Tool
 				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
 			/>
-			<Tool
-				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
-			/>
 			<Tool
 				Name="VCMIDLTool"
 			/>
@@ -458,9 +409,6 @@ sub createAppProject {
 			<Tool
 				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
 			/>
-			<Tool
-				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
-			/>
 			<Tool
 				Name="VCMIDLTool"
 			/>
@@ -561,20 +509,18 @@ sub createGlueProject {
    foreach (@apps) {
        $_ =~ s/\//_/g;
        $_ =~ s/\.exe//;
-        push(@tmp, $_);
+        if ($_ eq "git" ) {
+            unshift(@tmp, $_);
+        } else {
+            push(@tmp, $_);
+        }
    }
    @apps = @tmp;

    open F, ">git.sln" || die "Could not open git.sln for writing!\n";
    binmode F, ":crlf";
    print F "$SLN_HEAD";
-    foreach (@libs) {
-        my $libname = $_;
-        my $uuid = $build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_GUID"};
-        print F "$SLN_PRE";
-        print F "\"${libname}\", \"${libname}\\${libname}.vcproj\", \"${uuid}\"";
-        print F "$SLN_POST";
-    }
+
    my $uuid_libgit = $build_structure{"LIBS_libgit_GUID"};
    my $uuid_xdiff_lib = $build_structure{"LIBS_xdiff_lib_GUID"};
    foreach (@apps) {
@@ -588,6 +534,13 @@ sub createGlueProject {
        print F "	EndProjectSection";
        print F "$SLN_POST";
    }
+    foreach (@libs) {
+        my $libname = $_;
+        my $uuid = $build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_GUID"};
+        print F "$SLN_PRE";
+        print F "\"${libname}\", \"${libname}\\${libname}.vcproj\", \"${uuid}\"";
+        print F "$SLN_POST";
+    }

    print F << "EOM";
 Global
@@ -599,17 +552,17 @@ EOM
    print F << "EOM";
 	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
 EOM
-    foreach (@libs) {
-        my $libname = $_;
-        my $uuid = $build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_GUID"};
+    foreach (@apps) {
+        my $appname = $_;
+        my $uuid = $build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_GUID"};
        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32\n";
        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32\n";
        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32\n";
        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32\n";
    }
-    foreach (@apps) {
-        my $appname = $_;
-        my $uuid = $build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_GUID"};
+    foreach (@libs) {
+        my $libname = $_;
+        my $uuid = $build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_GUID"};
        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32\n";
        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32\n";
        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32\n";
--- a/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/Vcxproj.pm
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/Vcxproj.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+package Generators::Vcxproj;
+require Exporter;
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION);
+use Digest::SHA qw(sha256_hex);
+
+our $VERSION = '1.00';
+our(@ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK, @AVAILABLE);
+@ISA = qw(Exporter);
+
+BEGIN {
+    push @EXPORT_OK, qw(generate);
+}
+
+sub generate_guid ($) {
+	my $hex = sha256_hex($_[0]);
+	$hex =~ s/^(.{8})(.{4})(.{4})(.{4})(.{12}).*/{$1-$2-$3-$4-$5}/;
+	$hex =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/;
+	return $hex;
+}
+
+sub generate {
+    my ($git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure) = @_;
+    my @libs = @{$build_structure{"LIBS"}};
+    foreach (@libs) {
+        createProject($_, $git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, \%build_structure, 1);
+    }
+
+    my @apps = @{$build_structure{"APPS"}};
+    foreach (@apps) {
+        createProject($_, $git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, \%build_structure, 0);
+    }
+
+    createGlueProject($git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+sub createProject {
+    my ($name, $git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, $build_structure, $static_library) = @_;
+    my $label = $static_library ? "lib" : "app";
+    my $prefix = $static_library ? "LIBS_" : "APPS_";
+    my $config_type = $static_library ? "StaticLibrary" : "Application";
+    print "Generate $name vcxproj $label project\n";
+    my $cdup = $name;
+    $cdup =~ s/[^\/]+/../g;
+    $cdup =~ s/\//\\/g;
+    $rel_dir = $rel_dir eq "." ? $cdup : "$cdup\\$rel_dir";
+    $rel_dir =~ s/\//\\/g;
+
+    my $target = $name;
+    if ($static_library) {
+      $target =~ s/\.a//;
+    } else {
+      $target =~ s/\.exe//;
+    }
+
+    my $uuid = generate_guid($name);
+    $$build_structure{"$prefix${target}_GUID"} = $uuid;
+    my $vcxproj = $target;
+    $vcxproj =~ s/(.*\/)?(.*)/$&\/$2.vcxproj/;
+    $vcxproj =~ s/([^\/]*)(\/lib)\/(lib.vcxproj)/$1$2\/$1_$3/;
+    $$build_structure{"$prefix${target}_VCXPROJ"} = $vcxproj;
+
+    my @srcs = sort(map("$rel_dir\\$_", @{$$build_structure{"$prefix${name}_SOURCES"}}));
+    my @sources;
+    foreach (@srcs) {
+        $_ =~ s/\//\\/g;
+        push(@sources, $_);
+    }
+    my $defines = join(";", sort(@{$$build_structure{"$prefix${name}_DEFINES"}}));
+    my $includes= join(";", sort(map { s/^-I//; s/\//\\/g; File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($_) ? $_ : "$rel_dir\\$_" } @{$$build_structure{"$prefix${name}_INCLUDES"}}));
+    my $cflags = join(" ", sort(map { s/^-[GLMOWZ].*//; s/.* .*/"$&"/; $_; } @{$$build_structure{"$prefix${name}_CFLAGS"}}));
+    $cflags =~ s/</&lt;/g;
+    $cflags =~ s/>/&gt;/g;
+
+    my $libs_release = "\n    ";
+    my $libs_debug = "\n    ";
+    if (!$static_library) {
+      $libs_release = join(";", sort(grep /^(?!libgit\.lib|xdiff\/lib\.lib|vcs-svn\/lib\.lib)/, @{$$build_structure{"$prefix${name}_LIBS"}}));
+      $libs_debug = $libs_release;
+      $libs_debug =~ s/zlib\.lib/zlibd\.lib/;
+    }
+
+    $defines =~ s/-D//g;
+    $defines =~ s/</&lt;/g;
+    $defines =~ s/>/&gt;/g;
+    $defines =~ s/\'//g;
+
+    die "Could not create the directory $target for $label project!\n" unless (-d "$target" || mkdir "$target");
+
+    open F, ">$vcxproj" or die "Could not open $vcxproj for writing!\n";
+    binmode F, ":crlf :utf8";
+    print F chr(0xFEFF);
+    print F << "EOM";
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="14.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>$uuid</ProjectGuid>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+    <VCPKGArch Condition="'\$(Platform)'=='Win32'">x86-windows</VCPKGArch>
+    <VCPKGArch Condition="'\$(Platform)'!='Win32'">x64-windows</VCPKGArch>
+    <VCPKGArchDirectory>$cdup\\compat\\vcbuild\\vcpkg\\installed\\\$(VCPKGArch)</VCPKGArchDirectory>
+    <VCPKGBinDirectory Condition="'\(Configuration)'=='Debug'">\$(VCPKGArchDirectory)\\debug\\bin</VCPKGBinDirectory>
+    <VCPKGLibDirectory Condition="'\(Configuration)'=='Debug'">\$(VCPKGArchDirectory)\\debug\\lib</VCPKGLibDirectory>
+    <VCPKGBinDirectory Condition="'\(Configuration)'!='Debug'">\$(VCPKGArchDirectory)\\bin</VCPKGBinDirectory>
+    <VCPKGLibDirectory Condition="'\(Configuration)'!='Debug'">\$(VCPKGArchDirectory)\\lib</VCPKGLibDirectory>
+    <VCPKGIncludeDirectory>\$(VCPKGArchDirectory)\\include</VCPKGIncludeDirectory>
+    <VCPKGLibs Condition="'\(Configuration)'=='Debug'">$libs_debug</VCPKGLibs>
+    <VCPKGLibs Condition="'\(Configuration)'!='Debug'">$libs_release</VCPKGLibs>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="\$(VCTargetsPath)\\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'\$(Configuration)'=='Debug'" Label="Configuration">
+    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'\$(Configuration)'=='Release'" Label="Configuration">
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ConfigurationType>$config_type</ConfigurationType>
+    <PlatformToolset>v140</PlatformToolset>
+    <!-- <CharacterSet>UTF-8</CharacterSet> -->
+    <OutDir>..\\</OutDir>
+    <!-- <IntDir>\$(ProjectDir)\$(Configuration)\\</IntDir> -->
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="\$(VCTargetsPath)\\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="Shared">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="\$(UserRootDir)\\Microsoft.Cpp.\$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('\$(UserRootDir)\\Microsoft.Cpp.\$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <GenerateManifest>false</GenerateManifest>
+    <EnableManagedIncrementalBuild>true</EnableManagedIncrementalBuild>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <AdditionalOptions>$cflags %(AdditionalOptions)</AdditionalOptions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$cdup;$cdup\\compat;$cdup\\compat\\regex;$cdup\\compat\\win32;$cdup\\compat\\poll;$cdup\\compat\\vcbuild\\include;\$(VCPKGIncludeDirectory);%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <EnableParallelCodeGeneration />
+      <InlineFunctionExpansion>OnlyExplicitInline</InlineFunctionExpansion>
+      <PrecompiledHeader />
+      <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib>
+      <SuppressStartupBanner>true</SuppressStartupBanner>
+    </Lib>
+    <Link>
+      <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>\$(VCPKGLibDirectory);%(AdditionalLibraryDirectories)</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>\$(VCPKGLibs);\$(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <AdditionalOptions>invalidcontinue.obj %(AdditionalOptions)</AdditionalOptions>
+      <EntryPointSymbol>wmainCRTStartup</EntryPointSymbol>
+      <ManifestFile>$cdup\\compat\\win32\\git.manifest</ManifestFile>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+    </Link>
+EOM
+    if ($target eq 'libgit') {
+        print F << "EOM";
+    <PreBuildEvent Condition="!Exists('$cdup\\compat\\vcbuild\\vcpkg\\installed\\\$(VCPKGArch)\\include\\openssl\\ssl.h')">
+      <Message>Initialize VCPKG</Message>
+      <Command>del "$cdup\\compat\\vcbuild\\vcpkg"</Command>
+      <Command>call "$cdup\\compat\\vcbuild\\vcpkg_install.bat"</Command>
+    </PreBuildEvent>
+EOM
+    }
+    print F << "EOM";
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'\$(Platform)'=='Win32'">
+    <Link>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX86</TargetMachine>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'\$(Configuration)'=='Debug'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;$defines;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'\$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;$defines;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <FavorSizeOrSpeed>Speed</FavorSizeOrSpeed>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+EOM
+    foreach(@sources) {
+        print F << "EOM";
+    <ClCompile Include="$_" />
+EOM
+    }
+    print F << "EOM";
+  </ItemGroup>
+EOM
+    if (!$static_library || $target =~ 'vcs-svn') {
+      my $uuid_libgit = $$build_structure{"LIBS_libgit_GUID"};
+      my $uuid_xdiff_lib = $$build_structure{"LIBS_xdiff/lib_GUID"};
+
+      print F << "EOM";
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="$cdup\\libgit\\libgit.vcxproj">
+      <Project>$uuid_libgit</Project>
+      <ReferenceOutputAssembly>false</ReferenceOutputAssembly>
+    </ProjectReference>
+    <ProjectReference Include="$cdup\\xdiff\\lib\\xdiff_lib.vcxproj">
+      <Project>$uuid_xdiff_lib</Project>
+      <ReferenceOutputAssembly>false</ReferenceOutputAssembly>
+    </ProjectReference>
+EOM
+      if ($name =~ /(test-(line-buffer|svn-fe)|^git-remote-testsvn)\.exe$/) {
+        my $uuid_vcs_svn_lib = $$build_structure{"LIBS_vcs-svn/lib_GUID"};
+        print F << "EOM";
+    <ProjectReference Include="$cdup\\vcs-svn\\lib\\vcs-svn_lib.vcxproj">
+      <Project>$uuid_vcs_svn_lib</Project>
+      <ReferenceOutputAssembly>false</ReferenceOutputAssembly>
+    </ProjectReference>
+EOM
+      }
+      print F << "EOM";
+  </ItemGroup>
+EOM
+    }
+    print F << "EOM";
+  <Import Project="\$(VCTargetsPath)\\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+EOM
+    if (!$static_library) {
+      print F << "EOM";
+  <Target Name="${target}_AfterBuild" AfterTargets="AfterBuild">
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <DLLsAndPDBs Include="\$(VCPKGBinDirectory)\\*.dll;\$(VCPKGBinDirectory)\\*.pdb" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <Copy SourceFiles="@(DLLsAndPDBs)" DestinationFolder="\$(OutDir)" SkipUnchangedFiles="true" UseHardlinksIfPossible="true" />
+  </Target>
+EOM
+    }
+    if ($target eq 'git') {
+      print F "  <Import Project=\"LinkOrCopyBuiltins.targets\" />\n";
+    }
+    print F << "EOM";
+</Project>
+EOM
+    close F;
+}
+
+sub createGlueProject {
+    my ($git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure) = @_;
+    print "Generate solutions file\n";
+    $rel_dir = "..\\$rel_dir";
+    $rel_dir =~ s/\//\\/g;
+    my $SLN_HEAD = "Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 11.00\n# Visual Studio 2010\n";
+    my $SLN_PRE  = "Project(\"{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}\") = ";
+    my $SLN_POST = "\nEndProject\n";
+
+    my @libs = @{$build_structure{"LIBS"}};
+    my @tmp;
+    foreach (@libs) {
+        $_ =~ s/\.a//;
+        push(@tmp, $_);
+    }
+    @libs = @tmp;
+
+    my @apps = @{$build_structure{"APPS"}};
+    @tmp = ();
+    foreach (@apps) {
+        $_ =~ s/\.exe//;
+        if ($_ eq "git" ) {
+            unshift(@tmp, $_);
+        } else {
+            push(@tmp, $_);
+        }
+    }
+    @apps = @tmp;
+
+    open F, ">git.sln" || die "Could not open git.sln for writing!\n";
+    binmode F, ":crlf :utf8";
+    print F chr(0xFEFF);
+    print F "$SLN_HEAD";
+
+    foreach (@apps) {
+        my $appname = $_;
+        my $uuid = $build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_GUID"};
+        print F "$SLN_PRE";
+	my $vcxproj = $build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_VCXPROJ"};
+	$vcxproj =~ s/\//\\/g;
+        $appname =~ s/.*\///;
+        print F "\"${appname}\", \"${vcxproj}\", \"${uuid}\"";
+        print F "$SLN_POST";
+    }
+    foreach (@libs) {
+        my $libname = $_;
+        my $uuid = $build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_GUID"};
+        print F "$SLN_PRE";
+        my $vcxproj = $build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_VCXPROJ"};
+	$vcxproj =~ s/\//\\/g;
+        $libname =~ s/\//_/g;
+        print F "\"${libname}\", \"${vcxproj}\", \"${uuid}\"";
+        print F "$SLN_POST";
+    }
+
+    print F << "EOM";
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Debug|x86 = Debug|x86
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
+		Release|x86 = Release|x86
+	EndGlobalSection
+EOM
+    print F << "EOM";
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+EOM
+    foreach (@apps) {
+        my $appname = $_;
+        my $uuid = $build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_GUID"};
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32\n";
+    }
+    foreach (@libs) {
+        my $libname = $_;
+        my $uuid = $build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_GUID"};
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32\n";
+    }
+
+    print F << "EOM";
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
+EOM
+    close F;
+}
+
+1;
--- a/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use File::Basename;
 use File::Spec;
 use Cwd;
 use Generators;
+use Text::ParseWords;

 my (%build_structure, %compile_options, @makedry);
 my $out_dir = getcwd();
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ generate usage:
  -g <GENERATOR>  --gen <GENERATOR> Specify the buildsystem generator    (default: $gen)
                                    Available: $genlist
  -o <PATH>       --out <PATH>      Specify output directory generation  (default: .)
+                  --make-out <PATH> Write the output of GNU Make into a file
  -i <FILE>       --in <FILE>       Specify input file, instead of running GNU Make
  -h,-?           --help            This help
 EOM
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ EOM
 }

 # Parse command-line options
+my $make_out;
 while (@ARGV) {
    my $arg = shift @ARGV;
    if ("$arg" eq "-h" || "$arg" eq "--help" || "$arg" eq "-?") {
@@ -45,6 +48,8 @@ while (@ARGV) {
 	exit(0);
    } elsif("$arg" eq "--out" || "$arg" eq "-o") {
 	$out_dir = shift @ARGV;
+    } elsif("$arg" eq "--make-out") {
+	$make_out = shift @ARGV;
    } elsif("$arg" eq "--gen" || "$arg" eq "-g") {
 	$gen = shift @ARGV;
    } elsif("$arg" eq "--in" || "$arg" eq "-i") {
@@ -52,6 +57,8 @@ while (@ARGV) {
        open(F, "<$infile") || die "Couldn't open file $infile";
        @makedry = <F>;
        close(F);
+    } else {
+        die "Unknown option: " . $arg;
    }
 }

@@ -72,7 +79,19 @@ Running GNU Make to figure out build structure...
 EOM

 # Pipe a make --dry-run into a variable, if not already loaded from file
-@makedry = `cd $git_dir && make -n MSVC=1 V=1 2>/dev/null` if !@makedry;
+# Capture the make dry stderr to file for review (will be empty for a release build).
+
+my $ErrsFile = "msvc-build-makedryerrors.txt";
+@makedry = `make -C $git_dir -n MSVC=1 SKIP_VCPKG=1 V=1 2>$ErrsFile`
+if !@makedry;
+# test for an empty Errors file and remove it
+unlink $ErrsFile if -f -z $ErrsFile;
+
+if (defined $make_out) {
+    open OUT, ">" . $make_out;
+    print OUT @makedry;
+    close OUT;
+}

 # Parse the make output into usable info
 parseMakeOutput();
@@ -140,6 +159,12 @@ sub parseMakeOutput
            next;
        }

+        if ($text =~ /^(mkdir|msgfmt) /) {
+            # options to the Portable Object translations
+            # the line "mkdir ... && msgfmt ..." contains no linker options
+            next;
+        }
+
        if($text =~ / -c /) {
            # compilation
            handleCompileLine($text, $line);
@@ -231,7 +256,7 @@ sub removeDuplicates
 sub handleCompileLine
 {
    my ($line, $lineno) = @_;
-    my @parts = split(' ', $line);
+    my @parts = shellwords($line);
    my $sourcefile;
    shift(@parts); # ignore cmd
    while (my $part = shift @parts) {
@@ -265,7 +290,7 @@ sub handleLibLine
    my (@objfiles, @lflags, $libout, $part);
    # kill cmd and rm 'prefix'
    $line =~ s/^rm -f .* && .* rcs //;
-    my @parts = split(' ', $line);
+    my @parts = shellwords($line);
    while ($part = shift @parts) {
        if ($part =~ /^-/) {
            push(@lflags, $part);
@@ -282,7 +307,7 @@ sub handleLibLine
 #    exit(1);
    foreach (@objfiles) {
        my $sourcefile = $_;
-        $sourcefile =~ s/\.o/.c/;
+        $sourcefile =~ s/\.o$/.c/;
        push(@sources, $sourcefile);
        push(@cflags, @{$compile_options{"${sourcefile}_CFLAGS"}});
        push(@defines, @{$compile_options{"${sourcefile}_DEFINES"}});
@@ -306,7 +331,7 @@ sub handleLinkLine
 {
    my ($line, $lineno) = @_;
    my (@objfiles, @lflags, @libs, $appout, $part);
-    my @parts = split(' ', $line);
+    my @parts = shellwords($line);
    shift(@parts); # ignore cmd
    while ($part = shift @parts) {
        if ($part =~ /^-IGNORE/) {
@@ -317,26 +342,36 @@ sub handleLinkLine
            $appout = shift @parts;
        } elsif ("$part" eq "-lz") {
            push(@libs, "zlib.lib");
-	} elsif ("$part" eq "-lcrypto") {
+        } elsif ("$part" eq "-lcrypto") {
            push(@libs, "libeay32.lib");
        } elsif ("$part" eq "-lssl") {
            push(@libs, "ssleay32.lib");
-        } elsif ($part =~ /^-/) {
+        } elsif ("$part" eq "-lcurl") {
+            push(@libs, "libcurl.lib");
+        } elsif ("$part" eq "-lexpat") {
+            push(@libs, "expat.lib");
+        } elsif ("$part" eq "-liconv") {
+            push(@libs, "libiconv.lib");
+        } elsif ($part =~ /^[-\/]/) {
            push(@lflags, $part);
        } elsif ($part =~ /\.(a|lib)$/) {
            $part =~ s/\.a$/.lib/;
            push(@libs, $part);
-        } elsif ($part =~ /\.(o|obj)$/) {
+        } elsif ($part eq 'invalidcontinue.obj') {
+            # ignore - known to MSVC
+        } elsif ($part =~ /\.o$/) {
            push(@objfiles, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /\.obj$/) {
+            # do nothing, 'make' should not be producing .obj, only .o files
        } else {
-            die "Unhandled lib option @ line $lineno: $part";
+            die "Unhandled link option @ line $lineno: $part";
        }
    }
 #    print "AppOut: '$appout'\nLFlags: @lflags\nLibs  : @libs\nOfiles: @objfiles\n";
 #    exit(1);
    foreach (@objfiles) {
        my $sourcefile = $_;
-        $sourcefile =~ s/\.o/.c/;
+        $sourcefile =~ s/\.o$/.c/;
        push(@sources, $sourcefile);
        push(@cflags, @{$compile_options{"${sourcefile}_CFLAGS"}});
        push(@defines, @{$compile_options{"${sourcefile}_DEFINES"}});
--- a/credential.c
+++ b/credential.c
@@ -136,7 +136,9 @@ static void credential_getpass(struct credential *c)
 {
 	if (!c->username)
 		c->username = credential_ask_one("Username", c,
-						 PROMPT_ASKPASS|PROMPT_ECHO);
+						 (getenv("GIT_ASKPASS") ?
+						  PROMPT_ASKPASS : 0) |
+						 PROMPT_ECHO);
 	if (!c->password)
 		c->password = credential_ask_one("Password", c,
 						 PROMPT_ASKPASS);
--- a/diffcore-rename.c
+++ b/diffcore-rename.c
@@ -82,6 +82,18 @@ static struct diff_rename_src *register_rename_src(struct diff_filepair *p)

 	first = 0;
 	last = rename_src_nr;
+
+	if (last > 0) {
+		struct diff_rename_src *src = &(rename_src[last-1]);
+		int cmp = strcmp(one->path, src->p->one->path);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return src;
+		if (cmp > 0) {
+			first = last;
+			goto append_it;
+		}
+	}
+
 	while (last > first) {
 		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
 		struct diff_rename_src *src = &(rename_src[next]);
@@ -95,6 +107,7 @@ static struct diff_rename_src *register_rename_src(struct diff_filepair *p)
 		first = next+1;
 	}

+append_it:
 	/* insert to make it at "first" */
 	ALLOC_GROW(rename_src, rename_src_nr + 1, rename_src_alloc);
 	rename_src_nr++;
--- a/git-compat-util.h
+++ b/git-compat-util.h
@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
 #ifndef GIT_COMPAT_UTIL_H
 #define GIT_COMPAT_UTIL_H

+#ifdef USE_MSVC_CRTDBG
+/*
+ * For these to work they must appear very early in each
+ * file -- before most of the standard header files.
+ */
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <crtdbg.h>
+#endif
+
 #define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64


@@ -411,6 +420,10 @@ static inline char *git_find_last_dir_sep(const char *path)
 #endif
 #endif

+#ifndef git_program_data_config
+#define git_program_data_config() NULL
+#endif
+
 #if defined(__HP_cc) && (__HP_cc >= 61000)
 #define NORETURN __attribute__((noreturn))
 #define NORETURN_PTR
--- a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
+++ b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
@@ -431,6 +431,7 @@ END
 sub safe_pipe_capture {
    my @output;
    if (my $pid = open my $child, '-|') {
+	binmode($child, ":crlf");
 	@output = (<$child>);
 	close $child or die join(' ',@_).": $! $?";
    } else {
--- a/git.c
+++ b/git.c
@@ -700,6 +700,31 @@ static int run_argv(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 		 */
 		if (!done_alias)
 			handle_builtin(*argcp, *argv);
+		else if (get_builtin(**argv)) {
+			struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+			int i;
+
+			if (get_super_prefix())
+				die("%s doesn't support --super-prefix", **argv);
+
+			commit_pager_choice();
+
+			argv_array_push(&args, "git");
+			for (i = 0; i < *argcp; i++)
+				argv_array_push(&args, (*argv)[i]);
+
+			trace_argv_printf(args.argv, "trace: exec:");
+
+			/*
+			 * if we fail because the command is not found, it is
+			 * OK to return. Otherwise, we just pass along the status code.
+			 */
+			i = run_command_v_opt(args.argv, RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE |
+					      RUN_CLEAN_ON_EXIT);
+			if (i >= 0 || errno != ENOENT)
+				exit(i);
+			die("could not execute builtin %s", **argv);
+		}

 		/* .. then try the external ones */
 		execv_dashed_external(*argv);
--- a/path.c
+++ b/path.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "path.h"
 #include "packfile.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
+#include "exec-cmd.h"

 static int get_st_mode_bits(const char *path, int *mode)
 {
@@ -711,6 +712,10 @@ char *expand_user_path(const char *path, int real_home)

 	if (path == NULL)
 		goto return_null;
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+	if (path[0] == '/')
+		return system_path(path + 1);
+#endif
 	if (path[0] == '~') {
 		const char *first_slash = strchrnul(path, '/');
 		const char *username = path + 1;
--- a/send-pack.c
+++ b/send-pack.c
@@ -38,6 +38,16 @@ int option_parse_push_signed(const struct option *opt,
 	die("bad %s argument: %s", opt->long_name, arg);
 }

+static int config_use_sideband = 1;
+
+static int send_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *unused)
+{
+	if (!strcmp("sendpack.sideband", var))
+		config_use_sideband = git_config_bool(var, value);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void feed_object(const struct object_id *oid, FILE *fh, int negative)
 {
 	if (negative && !has_object_file(oid))
@@ -390,6 +400,8 @@ int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
 	const char *push_cert_nonce = NULL;
 	struct packet_reader reader;

+	git_config(send_pack_config, NULL);
+
 	/* Does the other end support the reporting? */
 	if (server_supports("report-status"))
 		status_report = 1;
@@ -397,7 +409,7 @@ int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
 		allow_deleting_refs = 1;
 	if (server_supports("ofs-delta"))
 		args->use_ofs_delta = 1;
-	if (server_supports("side-band-64k"))
+	if (config_use_sideband && server_supports("side-band-64k"))
 		use_sideband = 1;
 	if (server_supports("quiet"))
 		quiet_supported = 1;
--- a/setup.c
+++ b/setup.c
@@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ static const char *setup_discovered_git_dir(const char *gitdir,
 		set_git_dir(gitdir);
 	inside_git_dir = 0;
 	inside_work_tree = 1;
-	if (offset == cwd->len)
+	if (offset >= cwd->len)
 		return NULL;

 	/* Make "offset" point past the '/' (already the case for root dirs) */
@@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ static enum discovery_result setup_git_directory_gently_1(struct strbuf *dir,
 	const char *env_ceiling_dirs = getenv(CEILING_DIRECTORIES_ENVIRONMENT);
 	struct string_list ceiling_dirs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	const char *gitdirenv;
-	int ceil_offset = -1, min_offset = has_dos_drive_prefix(dir->buf) ? 3 : 1;
+	int ceil_offset = -1, min_offset = offset_1st_component(dir->buf);
 	dev_t current_device = 0;
 	int one_filesystem = 1;

@@ -934,6 +934,12 @@ static enum discovery_result setup_git_directory_gently_1(struct strbuf *dir,
 	if (ceil_offset < 0)
 		ceil_offset = min_offset - 2;

+	if (min_offset && min_offset == dir->len &&
+	    !is_dir_sep(dir->buf[min_offset - 1])) {
+		strbuf_addch(dir, '/');
+		min_offset++;
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Test in the following order (relative to the dir):
 	 * - .git (file containing "gitdir: <path>")
--- a/t/t0001-init.sh
+++ b/t/t0001-init.sh
@@ -307,10 +307,20 @@ test_expect_success 'init prefers command line to GIT_DIR' '
 	test_path_is_missing otherdir/refs
 '

+downcase_on_case_insensitive_fs () {
+	test false = "$(git config --get core.filemode)" || return 0
+	for f
+	do
+		tr A-Z a-z <"$f" >"$f".downcased &&
+		mv -f "$f".downcased "$f" || return 1
+	done
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'init with separate gitdir' '
 	rm -rf newdir &&
 	git init --separate-git-dir realgitdir newdir &&
 	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
+	downcase_on_case_insensitive_fs expected newdir/.git &&
 	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
 	test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
 '
@@ -365,6 +375,7 @@ test_expect_success 're-init to update git link' '
 	git init --separate-git-dir ../surrealgitdir
 	) &&
 	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/surrealgitdir" >expected &&
+	downcase_on_case_insensitive_fs expected newdir/.git &&
 	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
 	test_path_is_dir surrealgitdir/refs &&
 	test_path_is_missing realgitdir/refs
@@ -378,6 +389,7 @@ test_expect_success 're-init to move gitdir' '
 	git init --separate-git-dir ../realgitdir
 	) &&
 	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
+	downcase_on_case_insensitive_fs expected newdir/.git &&
 	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
 	test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
 '
@@ -453,6 +465,18 @@ test_expect_success 're-init from a linked worktree' '
 	)
 '

+test_expect_success MINGW 'core.hidedotfiles = false' '
+	git config --global core.hidedotfiles false &&
+	rm -rf newdir &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG &&
+		mkdir newdir &&
+		cd newdir &&
+		git init
+	) &&
+	! is_hidden newdir/.git
+'
+
 test_expect_success MINGW 'redirect std handles' '
 	GIT_REDIRECT_STDOUT=output.txt git rev-parse --git-dir &&
 	test .git = "$(cat output.txt)" &&
@@ -462,7 +486,8 @@ test_expect_success MINGW 'redirect std handles' '
 		GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR="2>&1" \
 		git rev-parse --git-dir --verify refs/invalid &&
 	printf ".git\nfatal: Needed a single revision\n" >expect &&
-	test_cmp expect output.txt
+	sort <output.txt >output.sorted &&
+	test_cmp expect output.sorted
 '

 test_done
--- a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
+++ b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
@@ -706,13 +706,22 @@ do
 	# file with scheme
 	for p in file
 	do
-		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/$r" '
+		test_expect_success !MINGW "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/$r" '
 			check_prot_path $p://$h/$r $p "/$r"
 		'
+		test_expect_success MINGW "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/$r" '
+			check_prot_path $p://$h/$r $p "//$h/$r"
+		'
+		test_expect_success MINGW "fetch-pack --diag-url $p:///$r" '
+			check_prot_path $p:///$r $p "/$r"
+		'
 		# No "/~" -> "~" conversion for file
-		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/~$r" '
+		test_expect_success !MINGW "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/~$r" '
 			check_prot_path $p://$h/~$r $p "/~$r"
 		'
+		test_expect_success MINGW "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/~$r" '
+			check_prot_path $p://$h/~$r $p "//$h/~$r"
+		'
 	done
 	# file without scheme
 	for h in nohost nohost:12 [::1] [::1]:23 [ [:aa
--- a/t/t5505-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5505-remote.sh
@@ -824,6 +824,7 @@ test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/branches' '
 	(
 		cd six &&
 		git remote rm origin &&
+		mkdir -p .git/branches &&
 		echo "$origin_url" >.git/branches/origin &&
 		git remote rename origin origin &&
 		test_path_is_missing .git/branches/origin &&
@@ -838,6 +839,7 @@ test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/branches (2)'
 	(
 		cd seven &&
 		git remote rm origin &&
+		mkdir -p .git/branches &&
 		echo "quux#foom" > .git/branches/origin &&
 		git remote rename origin origin &&
 		test_path_is_missing .git/branches/origin &&
--- a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
@@ -866,6 +866,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch with branches' '
 	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git branch second $the_first_commit &&
 	git checkout second &&
+	mkdir -p testrepo/.git/branches &&
 	echo ".." > testrepo/.git/branches/branch1 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
@@ -879,6 +880,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch with branches' '

 test_expect_success 'fetch with branches containing #' '
 	mk_empty testrepo &&
+	mkdir -p testrepo/.git/branches &&
 	echo "..#second" > testrepo/.git/branches/branch2 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
@@ -893,6 +895,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch with branches containing #' '
 test_expect_success 'push with branches' '
 	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git checkout second &&
+	mkdir -p .git/branches &&
 	echo "testrepo" > .git/branches/branch1 &&
 	git push branch1 &&
 	(
@@ -905,6 +908,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push with branches' '

 test_expect_success 'push with branches containing #' '
 	mk_empty testrepo &&
+	mkdir -p .git/branches &&
 	echo "testrepo#branch3" > .git/branches/branch2 &&
 	git push branch2 &&
 	(
--- a/t/t5580-clone-push-unc.sh
+++ b/t/t5580-clone-push-unc.sh
@@ -17,14 +17,11 @@ fi
 UNCPATH="$(winpwd)"
 case "$UNCPATH" in
 [A-Z]:*)
+	WITHOUTDRIVE="${UNCPATH#?:}"
 	# Use administrative share e.g. \\localhost\C$\git-sdk-64\usr\src\git
 	# (we use forward slashes here because MSYS2 and Git accept them, and
 	# they are easier on the eyes)
-	UNCPATH="//localhost/${UNCPATH%%:*}\$/${UNCPATH#?:}"
-	test -d "$UNCPATH" || {
-		skip_all='could not access administrative share; skipping'
-		test_done
-	}
+	UNCPATH="//localhost/${UNCPATH%%:*}\$$WITHOUTDRIVE"
 	;;
 *)
 	skip_all='skipping UNC path tests, cannot determine current path as UNC'
@@ -32,6 +29,18 @@ case "$UNCPATH" in
 	;;
 esac

+test_expect_success 'clone into absolute path lacking a drive prefix' '
+	USINGBACKSLASHES="$(echo "$WITHOUTDRIVE"/without-drive-prefix |
+		tr / \\\\)" &&
+	git clone . "$USINGBACKSLASHES" &&
+	test -f without-drive-prefix/.git/HEAD
+'
+
+test -d "$UNCPATH" || {
+	skip_all='could not access administrative share; skipping'
+	test_done
+}
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 	test_commit initial
 '
@@ -40,11 +49,23 @@ test_expect_success clone '
 	git clone "file://$UNCPATH" clone
 '

+test_expect_success 'clone without file://' '
+	git clone "$UNCPATH" clone-without-file
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone with backslashed path' '
 	BACKSLASHED="$(echo "$UNCPATH" | tr / \\\\)" &&
 	git clone "$BACKSLASHED" backslashed
 '

+test_expect_success fetch '
+	git init to-fetch &&
+	(
+		cd to-fetch &&
+		git fetch "$UNCPATH" master
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success push '
 	(
 		cd clone &&
@@ -62,4 +83,16 @@ test_expect_success MINGW 'remote nick cannot contain backslashes' '
 	test_i18ngrep ! "unable to access" err
 '

+test_expect_success 'unc alternates' '
+	tree="$(git rev-parse HEAD:)" &&
+	mkdir test-unc-alternate &&
+	(
+		cd test-unc-alternate &&
+		git init &&
+		test_must_fail git show $tree &&
+		echo "$UNCPATH/.git/objects" >.git/objects/info/alternates &&
+		git show $tree
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
--- a/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
+++ b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push update refs failure' '
 	echo "update fail" >>file &&
 	git commit -a -m "update fail" &&
 	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >expect &&
-	test_expect_code 1 env GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE="non-fast forward" \
+	test_must_fail env GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE="non-fast forward" \
 		git push origin update &&
 	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
--- a/t/t7108-reset-stdin.sh
+++ b/t/t7108-reset-stdin.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='reset --stdin'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --stdin' '
+	test_commit hello &&
+	git rm hello.t &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files hello.t)" &&
+	echo hello.t | git reset --stdin &&
+	test hello.t = "$(git ls-files hello.t)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --stdin -z' '
+	test_commit world &&
+	git rm hello.t world.t &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files hello.t world.t)" &&
+	printf world.tQworld.tQhello.tQ | q_to_nul | git reset --stdin -z &&
+	printf "hello.t\nworld.t\n" >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin requires --mixed' '
+	echo hello.t >list &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --soft --stdin <list &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --hard --stdin <list &&
+	git reset --mixed --stdin <list
+'
+
+test_done
--- a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
+++ b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
@@ -630,4 +630,15 @@ test_expect_success 'merge commit gets exported with --import-marks' '
 	)
 '

+cat > expected << EOF
+reset refs/heads/master
+from $(git rev-parse master)
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_failure 'refs are updated even if no commits need to be exported' '
+	git fast-export master..master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
--- a/transport-helper.c
+++ b/transport-helper.c
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 #include "protocol.h"

 static int debug;
+/* TODO: put somewhere sensible, e.g. git_transport_options? */
+static int auto_gc = 1;

 struct helper_data {
 	const char *name;
@@ -460,10 +462,25 @@ static int get_exporter(struct transport *transport,
 	for (i = 0; i < revlist_args->nr; i++)
 		argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, revlist_args->items[i].string);

+	argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, "--");
+
 	fastexport->git_cmd = 1;
 	return start_command(fastexport);
 }

+static void check_helper_status(struct helper_data *data)
+{
+	int pid, status;
+
+	pid = waitpid(data->helper->pid, &status, WNOHANG);
+	if (pid < 0)
+		die("Could not retrieve status of remote helper '%s'",
+		    data->name);
+	if (pid > 0 && WIFEXITED(status))
+		die("Remote helper '%s' died with %d",
+		    data->name, WEXITSTATUS(status));
+}
+
 static int fetch_with_import(struct transport *transport,
 			     int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
@@ -500,6 +517,7 @@ static int fetch_with_import(struct transport *transport,

 	if (finish_command(&fastimport))
 		die(_("error while running fast-import"));
+	check_helper_status(data);

 	/*
 	 * The fast-import stream of a remote helper that advertises
@@ -533,6 +551,12 @@ static int fetch_with_import(struct transport *transport,
 		}
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	if (auto_gc) {
+		const char *argv_gc_auto[] = {
+			"gc", "--auto", "--quiet", NULL,
+		};
+		run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	}
 	return 0;
 }

@@ -992,6 +1016,7 @@ static int push_refs_with_export(struct transport *transport,

 	if (finish_command(&exporter))
 		die(_("error while running fast-export"));
+	check_helper_status(data);
 	if (push_update_refs_status(data, remote_refs, flags))
 		return 1;