docs/source/development/api/core/firewall.rst
2026-01-28 20:47:58 +01:00

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.. _api_plugins_firewall:
Firewall
~~~~~~~~
The firewall API offers a way for machine to machine interaction between custom applications and OPNsense, it
is part of the core system.
Although the module does contains a basic user interface (in :menuselection:`Firewall --> Automation`), it's mirely intended
as a reference and testbed. There's no relation to any of the rules being managed via the core system.
.. Tip::
Use your browsers "inspect" feature to compare requests easily, the user interface in terms of communication is exactly the same
as offered by the API . Rules not visible in the web interface (:menuselection:`Firewall --> Automation`) will not be returned by the API either.
.. csv-table:: Resources (AliasController.php) -- extends : ApiMutableModelControllerBase
:header: "Method", "Module", "Controller", "Command", "Parameters"
:widths: 4, 15, 15, 30, 40
"``POST``","firewall","alias","add_item",""
"``POST``","firewall","alias","del_item","$uuid"
"``GET,POST``","firewall","alias","export",""
"``GET``","firewall","alias","get",""
"``GET``","firewall","alias","get_alias_u_u_i_d","$name"
"``GET``","firewall","alias","get_geo_i_p",""
"``GET``","firewall","alias","get_item","$uuid=null"
"``GET``","firewall","alias","get_table_size",""
"``POST``","firewall","alias","import",""
"``GET``","firewall","alias","list_categories",""
"``GET``","firewall","alias","list_countries",""
"``GET``","firewall","alias","list_network_aliases",""
"``GET``","firewall","alias","list_user_groups",""
"``POST``","firewall","alias","reconfigure",""
"``GET,POST``","firewall","alias","search_item",""
"``POST``","firewall","alias","set",""
"``POST``","firewall","alias","set_item","$uuid"
"``POST``","firewall","alias","toggle_item","$uuid,$enabled=null"
"``<<uses>>``", "", "", "", "*model* `Alias.xml <https://github.com/opnsense/core/blob/master/src/opnsense/mvc/app/models/OPNsense/Firewall/Alias.xml>`__"
.. csv-table:: Resources (AliasUtilController.php) -- extends : ApiControllerBase
:header: "Method", "Module", "Controller", "Command", "Parameters"
:widths: 4, 15, 15, 30, 40
"``POST``","firewall","alias_util","add","$alias"
"``GET``","firewall","alias_util","aliases",""
"``POST``","firewall","alias_util","delete","$alias"
"``POST``","firewall","alias_util","find_references",""
"``POST``","firewall","alias_util","flush","$alias"
"``GET``","firewall","alias_util","list","$alias"
"``GET``","firewall","alias_util","update_bogons",""
.. csv-table:: Resources (CategoryController.php) -- extends : ApiMutableModelControllerBase
:header: "Method", "Module", "Controller", "Command", "Parameters"
:widths: 4, 15, 15, 30, 40
"``POST``","firewall","category","add_item",""
"``POST``","firewall","category","del_item","$uuid"
"``GET``","firewall","category","get",""
"``GET``","firewall","category","get_item","$uuid=null"
"``GET,POST``","firewall","category","search_item","$add_empty=0"
"``POST``","firewall","category","set",""
"``POST``","firewall","category","set_item","$uuid"
"``<<uses>>``", "", "", "", "*model* `Category.xml <https://github.com/opnsense/core/blob/master/src/opnsense/mvc/app/models/OPNsense/Firewall/Category.xml>`__"
.. csv-table:: Resources (DNatController.php) -- extends : FilterBaseController
:header: "Method", "Module", "Controller", "Command", "Parameters"
:widths: 4, 15, 15, 30, 40
"``POST``","firewall","d_nat","add_rule",""
"``POST``","firewall","d_nat","del_rule","$uuid"
"``GET``","firewall","d_nat","get_rule","$uuid=null"
"``GET``","firewall","d_nat","move_rule_before","$selected_uuid,$target_uuid"
"``GET,POST``","firewall","d_nat","search_rule",""
"``POST``","firewall","d_nat","set_rule","$uuid"
"``POST``","firewall","d_nat","toggle_rule","$uuid,$disabled=null"
"``GET``","firewall","d_nat","toggle_rule_log","$uuid,$log"
"``<<uses>>``", "", "", "", "*model* `DNat.xml <https://github.com/opnsense/core/blob/master/src/opnsense/mvc/app/models/OPNsense/Firewall/DNat.xml>`__"
.. csv-table:: Abstract [non-callable] (FilterBaseController.php)
:header: "Method", "Module", "Controller", "Command", "Parameters"
:widths: 4, 15, 15, 30, 40
"``POST``","firewall","filter_base","apply","$rollback_revision=null"
"``POST``","firewall","filter_base","cancel_rollback","$rollback_revision"
"``GET``","firewall","filter_base","get",""
"``GET``","firewall","filter_base","list_categories",""
"``GET``","firewall","filter_base","list_network_select_options",""
"``GET``","firewall","filter_base","list_port_select_options",""
"``POST``","firewall","filter_base","revert","$revision"
"``POST``","firewall","filter_base","savepoint",""
"``POST``","firewall","filter_base","set",""
"``<<uses>>``", "", "", "", "*model* `Filter.xml <https://github.com/opnsense/core/blob/master/src/opnsense/mvc/app/models/OPNsense/Firewall/Filter.xml>`__"
.. csv-table:: Resources (FilterController.php) -- extends : FilterBaseController
:header: "Method", "Module", "Controller", "Command", "Parameters"
:widths: 4, 15, 15, 30, 40
"``POST``","firewall","filter","add_rule",""
"``POST``","firewall","filter","del_rule","$uuid"
"``GET``","firewall","filter","download_rules",""
"``POST``","firewall","filter","flush_inspect_cache",""
"``GET``","firewall","filter","get_interface_list",""
"``GET``","firewall","filter","get_rule","$uuid=null"
"``POST``","firewall","filter","move_rule_before","$selected_uuid,$target_uuid"
"``GET,POST``","firewall","filter","search_rule",""
"``POST``","firewall","filter","set_rule","$uuid"
"``POST``","firewall","filter","toggle_rule","$uuid,$enabled=null"
"``GET``","firewall","filter","toggle_rule_log","$uuid,$log"
"``POST``","firewall","filter","upload_rules",""
.. csv-table:: Resources (FilterUtilController.php) -- extends : ApiControllerBase
:header: "Method", "Module", "Controller", "Command", "Parameters"
:widths: 4, 15, 15, 30, 40
"``GET``","firewall","filter_util","rule_stats",""
.. csv-table:: Resources (GroupController.php) -- extends : ApiMutableModelControllerBase
:header: "Method", "Module", "Controller", "Command", "Parameters"
:widths: 4, 15, 15, 30, 40
"``POST``","firewall","group","add_item",""
"``POST``","firewall","group","del_item","$uuid"
"``GET``","firewall","group","get",""
"``GET``","firewall","group","get_item","$uuid=null"
"``POST``","firewall","group","reconfigure",""
"``GET,POST``","firewall","group","search_item",""
"``POST``","firewall","group","set",""
"``POST``","firewall","group","set_item","$uuid"
"``<<uses>>``", "", "", "", "*model* `Group.xml <https://github.com/opnsense/core/blob/master/src/opnsense/mvc/app/models/OPNsense/Firewall/Group.xml>`__"
.. csv-table:: Resources (MigrationController.php) -- extends : ApiControllerBase
:header: "Method", "Module", "Controller", "Command", "Parameters"
:widths: 4, 15, 15, 30, 40
"``GET``","firewall","migration","download_rules",""
"``POST``","firewall","migration","flush",""
.. csv-table:: Resources (NptController.php) -- extends : FilterBaseController
:header: "Method", "Module", "Controller", "Command", "Parameters"
:widths: 4, 15, 15, 30, 40
"``POST``","firewall","npt","add_rule",""
"``POST``","firewall","npt","del_rule","$uuid"
"``GET``","firewall","npt","get_rule","$uuid=null"
"``GET``","firewall","npt","move_rule_before","$selected_uuid,$target_uuid"
"``GET,POST``","firewall","npt","search_rule",""
"``POST``","firewall","npt","set_rule","$uuid"
"``POST``","firewall","npt","toggle_rule","$uuid,$enabled=null"
"``GET``","firewall","npt","toggle_rule_log","$uuid,$log"
.. csv-table:: Resources (OneToOneController.php) -- extends : FilterBaseController
:header: "Method", "Module", "Controller", "Command", "Parameters"
:widths: 4, 15, 15, 30, 40
"``POST``","firewall","one_to_one","add_rule",""
"``POST``","firewall","one_to_one","del_rule","$uuid"
"``GET``","firewall","one_to_one","get_rule","$uuid=null"
"``GET``","firewall","one_to_one","move_rule_before","$selected_uuid,$target_uuid"
"``GET,POST``","firewall","one_to_one","search_rule",""
"``POST``","firewall","one_to_one","set_rule","$uuid"
"``POST``","firewall","one_to_one","toggle_rule","$uuid,$enabled=null"
"``GET``","firewall","one_to_one","toggle_rule_log","$uuid,$log"
.. csv-table:: Resources (SourceNatController.php) -- extends : FilterBaseController
:header: "Method", "Module", "Controller", "Command", "Parameters"
:widths: 4, 15, 15, 30, 40
"``POST``","firewall","source_nat","add_rule",""
"``POST``","firewall","source_nat","del_rule","$uuid"
"``GET``","firewall","source_nat","get_rule","$uuid=null"
"``GET``","firewall","source_nat","move_rule_before","$selected_uuid,$target_uuid"
"``GET,POST``","firewall","source_nat","search_rule",""
"``POST``","firewall","source_nat","set_rule","$uuid"
"``POST``","firewall","source_nat","toggle_rule","$uuid,$enabled=null"
"``GET``","firewall","source_nat","toggle_rule_log","$uuid,$log"
-----------------------
Concept
-----------------------
The firewall plugin injects rules in the standard OPNsense firewall while maintaining visibility on them in the
standard user interface.
We use our standard :code:`ApiMutableModelControllerBase` to allow crud operations on rule entries and offer a set of
specific actions to apply the new configuration.
Since firewall rules can be quite sensitive with a higher risk of lockout, we also support a rollback mechanism here,
which offers the ability to rollback this components changes.
.. blockdiag::
:scale: 100%
diagram init {
savepoint [label = "savepoint()"];
administration [label = "administration"];
apply [label = "apply(savepoint)"];
cancelRollback [label = "cancelRollback(sp)"];
savepoint -> administration -> apply ;
apply -> cancelRollback [label = ".. 60s", style = dashed];
}
The diagram above contains the basic steps to change rules, apply and eventually rollback if not being able to access the machine again.
When calling :code:`savepoint()` a new config revision will be created and the timestamp will be returned for later use.
If the :code:`cancelRollback(savepoint)` is not called within 60 seconds, the firewall will rollback to the previous state
identified by the savepoint timestamp (if available).
.. Note::
The examples in this document disable certificate validation, make sure when using this in a production environment to
remove the :code:`verify=False` from the :code:`requests` calls
.. Tip::
The number of versions kept can be configured as "backup count" in :menuselection:`System -> Configuration -> History`.
This affectively determines within how many configuration changes you can still rollback, if the backup is removed, a rollback
will keep the current state (do nothing).
-----------------------
Administration example
-----------------------
Administrative endpoints are pretty standard use of :code:`ApiMutableModelControllerBase`, the example below searches for
a rule named "OPNsense_fw_api_testrule_1", when not found one will be added otherwise it will print the internal uuid.
Inline you will find a brief description of the steps performed.
.. literalinclude:: firewall.sample_create.py
:language: python
:linenos:
:caption: administrative_example.py
.. Tip::
Since our model contains default values for most attributes, we only need to feed the changes if we would like to keep the
defaults. In this case the TCP/IP version was IPv4 by default for example. In most cases one would like to set all relevant properties
in case defaults change over time.
-----------------------
Apply / revert example
-----------------------
This example will disable the rule created in the previous example and apply the changes using a savepoint, since we're not
calling :code:`cancelRollback(savepoint)` it will revert after 60 seconds to the original state.
.. literalinclude:: firewall.savepoint.py
:language: python
:linenos:
:caption: savepoint_example.py
.. Note::
The savepoint will only revert this components changes, other changes won't be affected by this revert, for example
add an additional interface between savepoint and revert won't be affected.