diff --git a/extensions/markdown-language-features/package.json b/extensions/markdown-language-features/package.json
index 5f8c24cd63a..cbf9f30c480 100644
--- a/extensions/markdown-language-features/package.json
+++ b/extensions/markdown-language-features/package.json
@@ -849,7 +849,10 @@
       "./media/highlight.css"
     ],
     "markdown.previewScripts": [
-      "./media/index.js"
+      {
+        "path": "./media/index.js",
+        "type": "module"
+      }
     ],
     "customEditors": [
       {
diff --git a/extensions/markdown-language-features/schemas/package.schema.json b/extensions/markdown-language-features/schemas/package.schema.json
index 8dea48f757f..4962543264b 100644
--- a/extensions/markdown-language-features/schemas/package.schema.json
+++ b/extensions/markdown-language-features/schemas/package.schema.json
@@ -17,8 +17,31 @@
 					"type": "array",
 					"description": "Contributed scripts that are executed in the Markdown preview",
 					"items": {
-						"type": "string",
-						"description": "Extension relative path to a JavaScript file"
+						"oneOf": [
+							{
+								"type": "string",
+								"description": "Extension relative path to a JavaScript file"
+							},
+							{
+								"type": "object",
+								"required": [
+									"path"
+								],
+								"properties": {
+									"path": {
+										"type": "string",
+										"description": "Extension relative path to a JavaScript file"
+									},
+									"type": {
+										"type": "string",
+										"enum": [
+											"module"
+										],
+										"description": "The script type to use when loading the contributed script"
+									}
+								}
+							}
+						]
 					}
 				},
 				"markdown.markdownItPlugins": {
diff --git a/extensions/markdown-language-features/src/markdownExtensions.ts b/extensions/markdown-language-features/src/markdownExtensions.ts
index 568a0f0b638..0d4b34330c9 100644
--- a/extensions/markdown-language-features/src/markdownExtensions.ts
+++ b/extensions/markdown-language-features/src/markdownExtensions.ts
@@ -23,8 +23,13 @@ function* resolveExtensionResources(extension: vscode.Extension<any>, resourcePa
 	}
 }
 
+export interface MarkdownPreviewScript {
+	readonly resource: vscode.Uri;
+	readonly type?: 'module';
+}
+
 export interface MarkdownContributions {
-	readonly previewScripts: readonly vscode.Uri[];
+	readonly previewScripts: readonly MarkdownPreviewScript[];
 	readonly previewStyles: readonly vscode.Uri[];
 	readonly previewResourceRoots: readonly vscode.Uri[];
 	readonly markdownItPlugins: ReadonlyMap<string, Thenable<(md: any) => any>>;
@@ -51,8 +56,12 @@ export namespace MarkdownContributions {
 		return a.toString() === b.toString();
 	}
 
+	function previewScriptEqual(a: MarkdownPreviewScript, b: MarkdownPreviewScript): boolean {
+		return uriEqual(a.resource, b.resource) && a.type === b.type;
+	}
+
 	export function equal(a: MarkdownContributions, b: MarkdownContributions): boolean {
-		return arrays.equals(a.previewScripts, b.previewScripts, uriEqual)
+		return arrays.equals(a.previewScripts, b.previewScripts, previewScriptEqual)
 			&& arrays.equals(a.previewStyles, b.previewStyles, uriEqual)
 			&& arrays.equals(a.previewResourceRoots, b.previewResourceRoots, uriEqual)
 			&& arrays.equals(Array.from(a.markdownItPlugins.keys()), Array.from(b.markdownItPlugins.keys()));
@@ -96,8 +105,8 @@ export namespace MarkdownContributions {
 	function getContributedScripts(
 		contributes: any,
 		extension: vscode.Extension<any>
-	) {
-		return resolveExtensionResources(extension, contributes['markdown.previewScripts']);
+	): Iterable<MarkdownPreviewScript> {
+		return resolvePreviewScripts(extension, contributes['markdown.previewScripts']);
 	}
 
 	function getContributedStyles(
@@ -106,6 +115,48 @@ export namespace MarkdownContributions {
 	) {
 		return resolveExtensionResources(extension, contributes['markdown.previewStyles']);
 	}
+
+	function* resolvePreviewScripts(extension: vscode.Extension<any>, scripts: unknown): Iterable<MarkdownPreviewScript> {
+		if (!Array.isArray(scripts)) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		for (const script of scripts) {
+			const contribution = getPreviewScriptContribution(script);
+			if (!contribution) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			try {
+				yield {
+					resource: resolveExtensionResource(extension, contribution.path),
+					type: contribution.type,
+				};
+			} catch {
+				// noop
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	function getPreviewScriptContribution(script: unknown): { path: string; type?: MarkdownPreviewScript['type'] } | undefined {
+		if (typeof script === 'string') {
+			return { path: script };
+		}
+
+		if (!script || typeof script !== 'object') {
+			return undefined;
+		}
+
+		const contribution = script as Record<string, unknown>;
+		if (typeof contribution.path !== 'string') {
+			return undefined;
+		}
+
+		return {
+			path: contribution.path,
+			type: contribution.type === 'module' ? contribution.type : undefined,
+		};
+	}
 }
 
 export interface MarkdownContributionProvider {
diff --git a/extensions/markdown-language-features/src/preview/documentRenderer.ts b/extensions/markdown-language-features/src/preview/documentRenderer.ts
index 5e5aeb780fa..85407fb81bf 100644
--- a/extensions/markdown-language-features/src/preview/documentRenderer.ts
+++ b/extensions/markdown-language-features/src/preview/documentRenderer.ts
@@ -244,9 +244,10 @@ export class MdDocumentRenderer {
 
 	#getScripts(resourceProvider: WebviewResourceProvider, nonce: string): string {
 		const out: string[] = [];
-		for (const resource of this.#contributionProvider.contributions.previewScripts) {
-			out.push(`<script async
-				src="${escapeAttribute(resourceProvider.asWebviewUri(resource))}"
+		for (const script of this.#contributionProvider.contributions.previewScripts) {
+			const type = script.type ? ` type="${escapeAttribute(script.type)}"` : '';
+			out.push(`<script async${type}
+				src="${escapeAttribute(resourceProvider.asWebviewUri(script.resource))}"
 				nonce="${nonce}"
 				charset="UTF-8"></script>`);
 		}