When the renderer fails, try to fall back to D2D + WARP

This commit also ups the number of render failures that are permissible
to 5, and moves us to use an exponential backoff rather than a simple
geometric one.

It also suppresses the dialog box in case of present failures. I feel
like the warning dialog should be used for something that the user can
actually do something about...

src/cascadia/TerminalControl/ControlCore.cpp

@@ -152,12 +152,27 @@ namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Control::implementation
 
             _renderer->SetBackgroundColorChangedCallback([this]() { _rendererBackgroundColorChanged(); });
             _renderer->SetFrameColorChangedCallback([this]() { _rendererTabColorChanged(); });
-            _renderer->SetRendererEnteredErrorStateCallback([this]() { RendererEnteredErrorState.raise(nullptr, nullptr); });
+            _renderer->SetRendererEnteredErrorStateCallback([this]() { _rendererEnteredErrorState(); });
         }
 
         UpdateSettings(settings, unfocusedAppearance);
     }
 
+    void ControlCore::_rendererEnteredErrorState()
+    {
+        // The first time the renderer fails out (after all of its own retries), switch it to D2D and WARP
+        // and force it to try again. If it _still_ fails, we can let it halt.
+        if (_renderFailures++ == 0)
+        {
+            const auto lock = _terminal->LockForWriting();
+            _renderEngine->SetGraphicsAPI(parseGraphicsAPI(GraphicsAPI::Direct2D));
+            _renderEngine->SetSoftwareRendering(true);
+            _renderer->EnablePainting();
+            return;
+        }
+        RendererEnteredErrorState.raise(nullptr, nullptr);
+    }
+
     void ControlCore::_setupDispatcherAndCallbacks()
     {
         // Get our dispatcher. If we're hosted in-proc with XAML, this will get
@@ -917,6 +932,7 @@ namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Control::implementation
         _renderEngine->SetSoftwareRendering(_settings.SoftwareRendering());
         // Inform the renderer of our opacity
         _renderEngine->EnableTransparentBackground(_isBackgroundTransparent());
+        _renderFailures = 0; // We may have changed the engine; reset the failure counter.
 
         // Trigger a redraw to repaint the window background and tab colors.
         _renderer->TriggerRedrawAll(true, true);
@@ -1983,6 +1999,7 @@ namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Control::implementation
     {
         // The lock must be held, because it calls into IRenderData which is shared state.
         const auto lock = _terminal->LockForWriting();
+        _renderFailures = 0;
         _renderer->EnablePainting();
     }
 

src/cascadia/TerminalControl/ControlCore.h

@@ -344,6 +344,7 @@ namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Control::implementation
         safe_void_coroutine _renderEngineSwapChainChanged(const HANDLE handle);
         void _rendererBackgroundColorChanged();
         void _rendererTabColorChanged();
+        void _rendererEnteredErrorState();
 #pragma endregion
 
         void _raiseReadOnlyWarning();
@@ -398,6 +399,7 @@ namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Control::implementation
         float _panelWidth{ 0 };
         float _panelHeight{ 0 };
         float _compositionScale{ 0 };
+        uint8_t _renderFailures{ 0 };
         bool _forceCursorVisible = false;
 
         // Audio stuff.

src/renderer/atlas/AtlasEngine.r.cpp

@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ catch (const wil::ResultException& exception)
         return E_PENDING;
     }
 
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    // We may fail to present repeatedly, e.g. if there's a short-term device failure.
+    // We should not bombard the consumer with repeated warning callbacks (where they may present a dialog to the user).
     if (_p.warningCallback)
     {
         try
@@ -69,6 +72,7 @@ catch (const wil::ResultException& exception)
         }
         CATCH_LOG()
     }
+#endif
 
     _b.reset();
     return hr;

src/renderer/base/renderer.cpp

@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ using namespace Microsoft::Console::Types;
 using PointTree = interval_tree::IntervalTree<til::point, size_t>;
 
 static constexpr TimerRepr TimerReprMax = std::numeric_limits<TimerRepr>::max();
-static constexpr DWORD maxRetriesForRenderEngine = 3;
-// The renderer will wait this number of milliseconds * how many tries have elapsed before trying again.
-static constexpr DWORD renderBackoffBaseTimeMilliseconds = 150;
+// We want there to be five retry periods; on the last one, we will mark the render as failed.
+static constexpr DWORD maxRetriesForRenderEngine = 6;
+// The renderer will wait this number of milliseconds * 2^tries before trying again.
+static constexpr DWORD renderBackoffBaseTimeMilliseconds = 100;
 
 // Routine Description:
 // - Creates a new renderer controller for a console.
@@ -355,8 +356,8 @@ DWORD Renderer::_timerToMillis(TimerRepr t) noexcept
         }
 
         // Add a bit of backoff.
-        // Sleep 150ms, 300ms, 450ms before failing out and disabling the renderer.
-        Sleep(renderBackoffBaseTimeMilliseconds * (maxRetriesForRenderEngine - tries));
+        // Sleep 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1600ms before failing out and disabling the renderer.
+        Sleep(renderBackoffBaseTimeMilliseconds * (1 << (maxRetriesForRenderEngine - tries - 1)));
     }
 
     return S_OK;