fix(26635): allow casts only when JSDoc type directly attached to an expression (#45960)

src/compiler/checker.ts

@@ -33722,7 +33722,7 @@ namespace ts {
         }
 
         function checkParenthesizedExpression(node: ParenthesizedExpression, checkMode?: CheckMode): Type {
-            if (isJSDocTypeAssertion(node)) {
+            if (hasJSDocNodes(node) && isJSDocTypeAssertion(node)) {
                 const type = getJSDocTypeAssertionType(node);
                 return checkAssertionWorker(type, type, node.expression, checkMode);
             }