diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext.errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4ab5c5b42c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext.errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(2,5): error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(3,5): error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(7,5): error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(9,5): error TS1234: An ambient module declaration is only allowed at the top level in a file.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(13,5): error TS1231: An export assignment can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(17,5): error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(18,5): error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(19,5): error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(19,14): error TS2305: Module '"ambient"' has no exported member 'baz'.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(20,5): error TS1231: An export assignment can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(21,5): error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(22,5): error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(23,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(24,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(25,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(26,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(27,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(28,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts (18 errors) ====
+    {
+        module M { }
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+        export namespace N {
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+            export interface I { }
+        }
+    
+        namespace Q.K { }
+        ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+    
+        declare module "ambient" {
+        ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1234: An ambient module declaration is only allowed at the top level in a file.
+    
+        }
+    
+        export = M;
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1231: An export assignment can only be used in a module.
+    
+        var v;
+        function foo() { }
+        export * from "ambient";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+        export { foo };
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+        export { baz as b } from "ambient";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+                 ~~~
+!!! error TS2305: Module '"ambient"' has no exported member 'baz'.
+        export default v;
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1231: An export assignment can only be used in a module.
+        export default class C { }
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
+        export function bee() { }
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
+        import I = M;
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+        import I2 = require("foo");
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+        import * as Foo from "ambient";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+        import bar from "ambient";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+        import { baz } from "ambient";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+        import "ambient";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+    }
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext.js b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..635da02bdf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext.js
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//// [moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts]
+{
+    module M { }
+    export namespace N {
+        export interface I { }
+    }
+
+    namespace Q.K { }
+
+    declare module "ambient" {
+
+    }
+
+    export = M;
+
+    var v;
+    function foo() { }
+    export * from "ambient";
+    export { foo };
+    export { baz as b } from "ambient";
+    export default v;
+    export default class C { }
+    export function bee() { }
+    import I = M;
+    import I2 = require("foo");
+    import * as Foo from "ambient";
+    import bar from "ambient";
+    import { baz } from "ambient";
+    import "ambient";
+}
+
+
+//// [moduleElementsInWrongContext.js]
+{
+    var v;
+    function foo() { }
+    __export(require("ambient"));
+    exports["default"] = v;
+    var C = (function () {
+        function C() {
+        }
+        return C;
+    })();
+    exports["default"] = C;
+    function bee() { }
+    exports.bee = bee;
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d6611e71831
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(2,5): error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(3,5): error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(7,5): error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(9,5): error TS1234: An ambient module declaration is only allowed at the top level in a file.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(13,5): error TS1231: An export assignment can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(17,5): error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(18,5): error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(19,5): error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(19,30): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'ambient'.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(20,5): error TS1231: An export assignment can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(21,5): error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(22,5): error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(23,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(24,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(25,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(26,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(27,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts(28,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts (18 errors) ====
+    function blah () {
+        module M { }
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+        export namespace N {
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+            export interface I { }
+        }
+    
+        namespace Q.K { }
+        ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+    
+        declare module "ambient" {
+        ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1234: An ambient module declaration is only allowed at the top level in a file.
+    
+        }
+    
+        export = M;
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1231: An export assignment can only be used in a module.
+    
+        var v;
+        function foo() { }
+        export * from "ambient";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+        export { foo };
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+        export { baz as b } from "ambient";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+                                 ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'ambient'.
+        export default v;
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1231: An export assignment can only be used in a module.
+        export default class C { }
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
+        export function bee() { }
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
+        import I = M;
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+        import I2 = require("foo");
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+        import * as Foo from "ambient";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+        import bar from "ambient";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+        import { baz } from "ambient";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+        import "ambient";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+    }
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.js b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fdf1222e549
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.js
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//// [moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts]
+function blah () {
+    module M { }
+    export namespace N {
+        export interface I { }
+    }
+
+    namespace Q.K { }
+
+    declare module "ambient" {
+
+    }
+
+    export = M;
+
+    var v;
+    function foo() { }
+    export * from "ambient";
+    export { foo };
+    export { baz as b } from "ambient";
+    export default v;
+    export default class C { }
+    export function bee() { }
+    import I = M;
+    import I2 = require("foo");
+    import * as Foo from "ambient";
+    import bar from "ambient";
+    import { baz } from "ambient";
+    import "ambient";
+}
+
+
+//// [moduleElementsInWrongContext2.js]
+function blah() {
+    var v;
+    function foo() { }
+    __export(require("ambient"));
+    exports["default"] = v;
+    var C = (function () {
+        function C() {
+        }
+        return C;
+    })();
+    exports["default"] = C;
+    function bee() { }
+    exports.bee = bee;
+}
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f5361319b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(3,9): error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(4,9): error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(8,9): error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(10,9): error TS1234: An ambient module declaration is only allowed at the top level in a file.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(14,9): error TS1231: An export assignment can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(18,9): error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(19,9): error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(20,9): error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(20,34): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'ambient'.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(21,9): error TS1231: An export assignment can only be used in a module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(22,9): error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(23,9): error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(24,9): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(25,9): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(26,9): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(27,9): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(28,9): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts(29,9): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts (18 errors) ====
+    module P {
+        {
+            module M { }
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+            export namespace N {
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+                export interface I { }
+            }
+    
+            namespace Q.K { }
+            ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1235: A namespace declaration is only allowed in a namespace or module.
+    
+            declare module "ambient" {
+            ~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1234: An ambient module declaration is only allowed at the top level in a file.
+    
+            }
+    
+            export = M;
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1231: An export assignment can only be used in a module.
+    
+            var v;
+            function foo() { }
+            export * from "ambient";
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+            export { foo };
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+            export { baz as b } from "ambient";
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used in a module.
+                                     ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'ambient'.
+            export default v;
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1231: An export assignment can only be used in a module.
+            export default class C { }
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
+            export function bee() { }
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
+            import I = M;
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+            import I2 = require("foo");
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+            import * as Foo from "ambient";
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+            import bar from "ambient";
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+            import { baz } from "ambient";
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+            import "ambient";
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used in a namespace or module.
+        }
+    }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.js b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d464d9d31b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.js
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+//// [moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts]
+module P {
+    {
+        module M { }
+        export namespace N {
+            export interface I { }
+        }
+
+        namespace Q.K { }
+
+        declare module "ambient" {
+
+        }
+
+        export = M;
+
+        var v;
+        function foo() { }
+        export * from "ambient";
+        export { foo };
+        export { baz as b } from "ambient";
+        export default v;
+        export default class C { }
+        export function bee() { }
+        import I = M;
+        import I2 = require("foo");
+        import * as Foo from "ambient";
+        import bar from "ambient";
+        import { baz } from "ambient";
+        import "ambient";
+    }
+}
+
+//// [moduleElementsInWrongContext3.js]
+var P;
+(function (P) {
+    {
+        var v;
+        function foo() { }
+        __export(require("ambient"));
+        P["default"] = v;
+        var C = (function () {
+            function C() {
+            }
+            return C;
+        })();
+        exports["default"] = C;
+        function bee() { }
+        P.bee = bee;
+    }
+})(P || (P = {}));
diff --git a/tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts b/tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..778e2775467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+    module M { }
+    export namespace N {
+        export interface I { }
+    }
+
+    namespace Q.K { }
+
+    declare module "ambient" {
+
+    }
+
+    export = M;
+
+    var v;
+    function foo() { }
+    export * from "ambient";
+    export { foo };
+    export { baz as b } from "ambient";
+    export default v;
+    export default class C { }
+    export function bee() { }
+    import I = M;
+    import I2 = require("foo");
+    import * as Foo from "ambient";
+    import bar from "ambient";
+    import { baz } from "ambient";
+    import "ambient";
+}
diff --git a/tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts b/tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..936893b96c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext2.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+function blah () {
+    module M { }
+    export namespace N {
+        export interface I { }
+    }
+
+    namespace Q.K { }
+
+    declare module "ambient" {
+
+    }
+
+    export = M;
+
+    var v;
+    function foo() { }
+    export * from "ambient";
+    export { foo };
+    export { baz as b } from "ambient";
+    export default v;
+    export default class C { }
+    export function bee() { }
+    import I = M;
+    import I2 = require("foo");
+    import * as Foo from "ambient";
+    import bar from "ambient";
+    import { baz } from "ambient";
+    import "ambient";
+}
diff --git a/tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts b/tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..efc69016269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cases/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext3.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+module P {
+    {
+        module M { }
+        export namespace N {
+            export interface I { }
+        }
+
+        namespace Q.K { }
+
+        declare module "ambient" {
+
+        }
+
+        export = M;
+
+        var v;
+        function foo() { }
+        export * from "ambient";
+        export { foo };
+        export { baz as b } from "ambient";
+        export default v;
+        export default class C { }
+        export function bee() { }
+        import I = M;
+        import I2 = require("foo");
+        import * as Foo from "ambient";
+        import bar from "ambient";
+        import { baz } from "ambient";
+        import "ambient";
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file