Add related span pointing to this-shadowing location for implicitly-any this (#28299)

* Add diagnostic pointing to this-shadowing location

* Fix almost-top-level-this case

* Change message on span

src/compiler/checker.ts

@@ -16296,11 +16296,17 @@ namespace ts {
             const type = tryGetThisTypeAt(node, container);
             if (!type && noImplicitThis) {
                 // With noImplicitThis, functions may not reference 'this' if it has type 'any'
-                error(
+                const diag = error(
                     node,
                     capturedByArrowFunction && container.kind === SyntaxKind.SourceFile ?
                         Diagnostics.The_containing_arrow_function_captures_the_global_value_of_this_which_implicitly_has_type_any :
                         Diagnostics.this_implicitly_has_type_any_because_it_does_not_have_a_type_annotation);
+                if (!isSourceFile(container)) {
+                    const outsideThis = tryGetThisTypeAt(container);
+                    if (outsideThis) {
+                        addRelatedInfo(diag, createDiagnosticForNode(container, Diagnostics.An_outer_value_of_this_is_shadowed_by_this_container));
+                    }
+                }
             }
             return type || anyType;
         }

src/compiler/diagnosticMessages.json

@@ -2509,6 +2509,10 @@
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 2737
     },
+    "An outer value of 'this' is shadowed by this container.": {
+        "category": "Message",
+        "code": 2738
+    },
 
     "Import declaration '{0}' is using private name '{1}'.": {
         "category": "Error",

tests/baselines/reference/thisBinding2.errors.txt

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ tests/cases/compiler/thisBinding2.ts(10,11): error TS2683: 'this' implicitly has
        return this.x;
               ~~~~
 !!! error TS2683: 'this' implicitly has type 'any' because it does not have a type annotation.
+!!! related TS2738 tests/cases/compiler/thisBinding2.ts:8:12: An outer value of 'this' is shadowed by this container.
       }();
         }  
     }

tests/baselines/reference/thisShadowingErrorSpans.errors.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+tests/cases/compiler/thisShadowingErrorSpans.ts(5,13): error TS2683: 'this' implicitly has type 'any' because it does not have a type annotation.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/compiler/thisShadowingErrorSpans.ts (1 errors) ====
+    class C {
+        m() {
+            this.m();
+            function f() {
+                this.m();
+                ~~~~
+!!! error TS2683: 'this' implicitly has type 'any' because it does not have a type annotation.
+!!! related TS2738 tests/cases/compiler/thisShadowingErrorSpans.ts:4:18: An outer value of 'this' is shadowed by this container.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    

tests/baselines/reference/thisShadowingErrorSpans.js

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//// [thisShadowingErrorSpans.ts]
+class C {
+    m() {
+        this.m();
+        function f() {
+            this.m();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+//// [thisShadowingErrorSpans.js]
+"use strict";
+var C = /** @class */ (function () {
+    function C() {
+    }
+    C.prototype.m = function () {
+        this.m();
+        function f() {
+            this.m();
+        }
+    };
+    return C;
+}());

tests/baselines/reference/thisShadowingErrorSpans.symbols

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/thisShadowingErrorSpans.ts ===
+class C {
+>C : Symbol(C, Decl(thisShadowingErrorSpans.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    m() {
+>m : Symbol(C.m, Decl(thisShadowingErrorSpans.ts, 0, 9))
+
+        this.m();
+>this.m : Symbol(C.m, Decl(thisShadowingErrorSpans.ts, 0, 9))
+>this : Symbol(C, Decl(thisShadowingErrorSpans.ts, 0, 0))
+>m : Symbol(C.m, Decl(thisShadowingErrorSpans.ts, 0, 9))
+
+        function f() {
+>f : Symbol(f, Decl(thisShadowingErrorSpans.ts, 2, 17))
+
+            this.m();
+        }
+    }
+}
+

tests/baselines/reference/thisShadowingErrorSpans.types

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/thisShadowingErrorSpans.ts ===
+class C {
+>C : C
+
+    m() {
+>m : () => void
+
+        this.m();
+>this.m() : void
+>this.m : () => void
+>this : this
+>m : () => void
+
+        function f() {
+>f : () => void
+
+            this.m();
+>this.m() : any
+>this.m : any
+>this : any
+>m : any
+        }
+    }
+}
+

tests/cases/compiler/thisShadowingErrorSpans.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// @strict: true
+class C {
+    m() {
+        this.m();
+        function f() {
+            this.m();
+        }
+    }
+}