diff --git a/src/compiler/checker.ts b/src/compiler/checker.ts
index 601948a3ea0..019527f4303 100644
--- a/src/compiler/checker.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/checker.ts
@@ -13475,6 +13475,19 @@ namespace ts {
                 constraint;
         }
 
+        // Ordinarily we reduce a keyof M where M is a mapped type { [P in K as N<P>]: X } to simply N<K>. This however presumes
+        // that N distributes over union types, i.e. that N<A | B | C> is equivalent to N<A> | N<B> | N<C>. That presumption is
+        // generally true, except when N is a non-distributive conditional type or an instantiable type with non-distributive
+        // conditional type as a constituent. In those cases, we cannot reduce keyof M and need to preserve it as is.
+        function isNonDistributiveNameType(type: Type | undefined): boolean {
+            return !!(type && (
+                type.flags & TypeFlags.Conditional && !(<ConditionalType>type).root.isDistributive ||
+                type.flags & (TypeFlags.UnionOrIntersection | TypeFlags.TemplateLiteral) && some((<UnionOrIntersectionType | TemplateLiteralType>type).types, isNonDistributiveNameType) ||
+                type.flags & (TypeFlags.Index | TypeFlags.StringMapping) && isNonDistributiveNameType((<IndexType | StringMappingType>type).type) ||
+                type.flags & TypeFlags.IndexedAccess && isNonDistributiveNameType((<IndexedAccessType>type).indexType) ||
+                type.flags & TypeFlags.Substitution && isNonDistributiveNameType((<SubstitutionType>type).substitute)));
+        }
+
         function getLiteralTypeFromPropertyName(name: PropertyName) {
             if (isPrivateIdentifier(name)) {
                 return neverType;
@@ -13522,7 +13535,7 @@ namespace ts {
             type = getReducedType(type);
             return type.flags & TypeFlags.Union ? getIntersectionType(map((<IntersectionType>type).types, t => getIndexType(t, stringsOnly, noIndexSignatures))) :
                 type.flags & TypeFlags.Intersection ? getUnionType(map((<IntersectionType>type).types, t => getIndexType(t, stringsOnly, noIndexSignatures))) :
-                type.flags & TypeFlags.InstantiableNonPrimitive || isGenericTupleType(type) ? getIndexTypeForGenericType(<InstantiableType | UnionOrIntersectionType>type, stringsOnly) :
+                type.flags & TypeFlags.InstantiableNonPrimitive || isGenericTupleType(type) || isGenericMappedType(type) && isNonDistributiveNameType(getNameTypeFromMappedType(type)) ? getIndexTypeForGenericType(<InstantiableType | UnionOrIntersectionType>type, stringsOnly) :
                 getObjectFlags(type) & ObjectFlags.Mapped ? getIndexTypeForMappedType(<MappedType>type, noIndexSignatures) :
                 type === wildcardType ? wildcardType :
                 type.flags & TypeFlags.Unknown ? neverType :
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/mappedTypeAsClauses.js b/tests/baselines/reference/mappedTypeAsClauses.js
index 9b97033306d..1940283e299 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/mappedTypeAsClauses.js
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/mappedTypeAsClauses.js
@@ -57,6 +57,35 @@ const e1: T1 = {
 };
 type T2 = keyof T1;
 const e2: T2 = "foo";
+
+// Repro from #41133
+
+interface Car {
+    name: string;
+    seats: number;
+    engine: Engine;
+    wheels: Wheel[];
+}
+
+interface Engine {
+    manufacturer: string;
+    horsepower: number;
+}
+
+interface Wheel {
+    type: "summer" | "winter";
+    radius: number;
+}
+
+type Primitive = string | number | boolean;
+type OnlyPrimitives<T> = { [K in keyof T as T[K] extends Primitive ? K : never]: T[K] };
+
+let primitiveCar: OnlyPrimitives<Car>;  // { name: string; seats: number; }
+let keys: keyof OnlyPrimitives<Car>;  //  "name" | "seats"
+
+type KeysOfPrimitives<T> = keyof OnlyPrimitives<T>;
+
+let carKeys: KeysOfPrimitives<Car>;  // "name" | "seats"
 
 
 //// [mappedTypeAsClauses.js]
@@ -66,6 +95,9 @@ var e1 = {
     foo: "hello"
 };
 var e2 = "foo";
+var primitiveCar; // { name: string; seats: number; }
+var keys; //  "name" | "seats"
+var carKeys; // "name" | "seats"
 
 
 //// [mappedTypeAsClauses.d.ts]
@@ -135,3 +167,25 @@ declare type T1 = PickByValueType<Example, string>;
 declare const e1: T1;
 declare type T2 = keyof T1;
 declare const e2: T2;
+interface Car {
+    name: string;
+    seats: number;
+    engine: Engine;
+    wheels: Wheel[];
+}
+interface Engine {
+    manufacturer: string;
+    horsepower: number;
+}
+interface Wheel {
+    type: "summer" | "winter";
+    radius: number;
+}
+declare type Primitive = string | number | boolean;
+declare type OnlyPrimitives<T> = {
+    [K in keyof T as T[K] extends Primitive ? K : never]: T[K];
+};
+declare let primitiveCar: OnlyPrimitives<Car>;
+declare let keys: keyof OnlyPrimitives<Car>;
+declare type KeysOfPrimitives<T> = keyof OnlyPrimitives<T>;
+declare let carKeys: KeysOfPrimitives<Car>;
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/mappedTypeAsClauses.symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/mappedTypeAsClauses.symbols
index c37212d9658..77ca6856b10 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/mappedTypeAsClauses.symbols
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/mappedTypeAsClauses.symbols
@@ -188,3 +188,79 @@ const e2: T2 = "foo";
 >e2 : Symbol(e2, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 57, 5))
 >T2 : Symbol(T2, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 55, 2))
 
+// Repro from #41133
+
+interface Car {
+>Car : Symbol(Car, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 57, 21))
+
+    name: string;
+>name : Symbol(Car.name, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 61, 15))
+
+    seats: number;
+>seats : Symbol(Car.seats, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 62, 17))
+
+    engine: Engine;
+>engine : Symbol(Car.engine, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 63, 18))
+>Engine : Symbol(Engine, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 66, 1))
+
+    wheels: Wheel[];
+>wheels : Symbol(Car.wheels, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 64, 19))
+>Wheel : Symbol(Wheel, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 71, 1))
+}
+
+interface Engine {
+>Engine : Symbol(Engine, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 66, 1))
+
+    manufacturer: string;
+>manufacturer : Symbol(Engine.manufacturer, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 68, 18))
+
+    horsepower: number;
+>horsepower : Symbol(Engine.horsepower, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 69, 25))
+}
+
+interface Wheel {
+>Wheel : Symbol(Wheel, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 71, 1))
+
+    type: "summer" | "winter";
+>type : Symbol(Wheel.type, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 73, 17))
+
+    radius: number;
+>radius : Symbol(Wheel.radius, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 74, 30))
+}
+
+type Primitive = string | number | boolean;
+>Primitive : Symbol(Primitive, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 76, 1))
+
+type OnlyPrimitives<T> = { [K in keyof T as T[K] extends Primitive ? K : never]: T[K] };
+>OnlyPrimitives : Symbol(OnlyPrimitives, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 78, 43))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 79, 20))
+>K : Symbol(K, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 79, 28))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 79, 20))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 79, 20))
+>K : Symbol(K, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 79, 28))
+>Primitive : Symbol(Primitive, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 76, 1))
+>K : Symbol(K, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 79, 28))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 79, 20))
+>K : Symbol(K, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 79, 28))
+
+let primitiveCar: OnlyPrimitives<Car>;  // { name: string; seats: number; }
+>primitiveCar : Symbol(primitiveCar, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 81, 3))
+>OnlyPrimitives : Symbol(OnlyPrimitives, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 78, 43))
+>Car : Symbol(Car, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 57, 21))
+
+let keys: keyof OnlyPrimitives<Car>;  //  "name" | "seats"
+>keys : Symbol(keys, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 82, 3))
+>OnlyPrimitives : Symbol(OnlyPrimitives, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 78, 43))
+>Car : Symbol(Car, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 57, 21))
+
+type KeysOfPrimitives<T> = keyof OnlyPrimitives<T>;
+>KeysOfPrimitives : Symbol(KeysOfPrimitives, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 82, 36))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 84, 22))
+>OnlyPrimitives : Symbol(OnlyPrimitives, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 78, 43))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 84, 22))
+
+let carKeys: KeysOfPrimitives<Car>;  // "name" | "seats"
+>carKeys : Symbol(carKeys, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 86, 3))
+>KeysOfPrimitives : Symbol(KeysOfPrimitives, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 82, 36))
+>Car : Symbol(Car, Decl(mappedTypeAsClauses.ts, 57, 21))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/mappedTypeAsClauses.types b/tests/baselines/reference/mappedTypeAsClauses.types
index d0a2cc5e809..5ada8893a6f 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/mappedTypeAsClauses.types
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/mappedTypeAsClauses.types
@@ -120,3 +120,53 @@ const e2: T2 = "foo";
 >e2 : "foo"
 >"foo" : "foo"
 
+// Repro from #41133
+
+interface Car {
+    name: string;
+>name : string
+
+    seats: number;
+>seats : number
+
+    engine: Engine;
+>engine : Engine
+
+    wheels: Wheel[];
+>wheels : Wheel[]
+}
+
+interface Engine {
+    manufacturer: string;
+>manufacturer : string
+
+    horsepower: number;
+>horsepower : number
+}
+
+interface Wheel {
+    type: "summer" | "winter";
+>type : "summer" | "winter"
+
+    radius: number;
+>radius : number
+}
+
+type Primitive = string | number | boolean;
+>Primitive : Primitive
+
+type OnlyPrimitives<T> = { [K in keyof T as T[K] extends Primitive ? K : never]: T[K] };
+>OnlyPrimitives : OnlyPrimitives<T>
+
+let primitiveCar: OnlyPrimitives<Car>;  // { name: string; seats: number; }
+>primitiveCar : OnlyPrimitives<Car>
+
+let keys: keyof OnlyPrimitives<Car>;  //  "name" | "seats"
+>keys : "name" | "seats"
+
+type KeysOfPrimitives<T> = keyof OnlyPrimitives<T>;
+>KeysOfPrimitives : keyof OnlyPrimitives<T>
+
+let carKeys: KeysOfPrimitives<Car>;  // "name" | "seats"
+>carKeys : "name" | "seats"
+
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/types/mapped/mappedTypeAsClauses.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/types/mapped/mappedTypeAsClauses.ts
index 095d8ebc2cc..747307f3652 100644
--- a/tests/cases/conformance/types/mapped/mappedTypeAsClauses.ts
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/types/mapped/mappedTypeAsClauses.ts
@@ -59,3 +59,32 @@ const e1: T1 = {
 };
 type T2 = keyof T1;
 const e2: T2 = "foo";
+
+// Repro from #41133
+
+interface Car {
+    name: string;
+    seats: number;
+    engine: Engine;
+    wheels: Wheel[];
+}
+
+interface Engine {
+    manufacturer: string;
+    horsepower: number;
+}
+
+interface Wheel {
+    type: "summer" | "winter";
+    radius: number;
+}
+
+type Primitive = string | number | boolean;
+type OnlyPrimitives<T> = { [K in keyof T as T[K] extends Primitive ? K : never]: T[K] };
+
+let primitiveCar: OnlyPrimitives<Car>;  // { name: string; seats: number; }
+let keys: keyof OnlyPrimitives<Car>;  //  "name" | "seats"
+
+type KeysOfPrimitives<T> = keyof OnlyPrimitives<T>;
+
+let carKeys: KeysOfPrimitives<Car>;  // "name" | "seats"