Fix self tail call return type inference in assigned anonymous functions (#58124)

tests/cases/compiler/simpleRecursionWithBaseCase3.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// @strict: true
+// @noImplicitAny: true
+// @lib: esnext
+// @noEmit: true
+
+const fn1 = () => {
+  if (Math.random() > 0.5) {
+    return fn1()
+  }
+  return 0
+}

tests/cases/compiler/simpleRecursionWithBaseCase4.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// @checkJs: true
+// @noEmit: true
+// @strict: false
+
+var fn2 = function(name) {
+  fn2 = compose(this, 0, 1)
+  return fn2(name)
+
+  function compose(child, level, find) {
+    if (child === find) {
+      return level
+    }
+    return compose(child, level + 1, find)
+  }
+}
+
+var d = fn2(1); // d: any
+d.redefined();