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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Loudness_Normalization rootpage-Loudness_Normalization skin-monobook action-view"><div id="globalWrapper">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Loudness Normalization</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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<div id="siteSub">From Audacity Development Manual</div>
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<div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump">Jump to: <a href="#column-one">navigation</a>, <a href="https://alphamanual.audacityteam.org/man/Loudness_Normalization#searchInput">search</a></div>
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<div class="intro">Use the Loudness Normalization to change the level of the audio <i>(normally reduce it to recommended limits)</i>. It is based on <a href="perceived_loudness_ebu_r_128.html" title="Perceived Loudness (EBU R 128)">EBU R 128</a> recommendations on limiting the loudness of audio signals. See <a href="perceived_loudness_ebu_r_128.html" title="Perceived Loudness (EBU R 128)">Perceived Loudness</a> for the technical details about it.
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<div class="note">Why use <b>Loudness Normalization</b> rather than <a href="normalize.html" title="Normalize">Normalize</a> or <a href="amplify.html" title="Amplify">Amplify</a>?
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<ul><li>Using <b>Loudness Normalization</b> rather than <a href="normalize.html" title="Normalize">Normalize</a> or <a href="amplify.html" title="Amplify">Amplify</a> helps you more easily set the required LUFS loudness target when normalizing. <p>When preparing audio for television/radio programmes, podcasts and some websites you may be subject to loudness restrictions for the audio. Loudness is usually measure in <b>LUFS</b> (Loudness Units Full Scale). The LUFS level restrictions can vary by application. For example the level for television in the US is normally -24 LUFS and the EBU (European Broadcasting Union) recommends -23 LUFS. Out of all the standards, this one is the most serious in that a television network can get its broadcast license revoked for a violation. Send in a program with a higher level, and it will be returned for a revision. </p></li></ul>
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<ul><li>Another use case is creating an equally loud playlist from different sources. </div> </li></ul>
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<div style="margin-top:12px; margin-bottom:12px; margin-left:24px; margin-right:24px">
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<td width="30px" valign="top" align="center"><img alt="Advice" src="../m/images/b/ba/warningicon.png" title="Advice" width="24" height="24" />
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top">Note carefully that when you apply an effect to a <a href="audacity_tracks_and_clips.html#speed" title="Audacity Tracks and Clips"><b>time-stretched clip</b></a> the changed speed of the clip will be automatically <a href="edit_menu_clip_boundaries.html#render" title="Edit Menu: Clip Boundaries"><b>rendered</b></a>.
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<ul><li>If you apply an effect to a selection within a time-stretched clip then Audacity will <a href="audacity_tracks_and_clips.html#split" title="Audacity Tracks and Clips"><b>split the original clip</b></a> so that the selection can be rendered as part of applying the effect.</li></ul>
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</td></tr></table></div>
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<p><br />
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</p>
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<dl><dd><b>Accessed by:</b> <span class="menu">Effect > Volume and Compression > Loudness Normalization</span></dd>
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<dd><span title="Loudness Normalization dialog"><img alt="Loudness Normalization 3-5-0.png" src="../m/images/8/86/loudness_normalization_3_5_0.png" width="363" height="198" /></span></dd></dl>
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<div id="normalize"></div>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Normalize">Normalize</span></h2>
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<p>There are two available options "perceived loudness" (default) and RMS:
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</p>
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<ul><li><b>perceived loudness:</b> the default -23 LUFS <i>(the EBU standard)</i> will produce audio that is approximately 25% of full scale.</li>
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<li><b>RMS:</b> This will change the amplitude such that the result has the desired <a href="glossary.html#rms" title="Glossary">RMS</a> level The default setting is -20dB which will also produce low level audio.</li></ul>
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<p>Both LUFS and RMS normalization ensures that different audio projects come out at a relatively uniform volume.
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</p><p><br />
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<div id="indep"></div>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Normalize_stereo_channels_independently">Normalize stereo channels independently</span></h2>
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<p>When this box is unchecked (the default), Loudness Normalization will work on the channels of a stereo track as a pair and change the level of both channels by the same amount. Use this if your audio is already correctly balanced as this mode will preserve its original stereo balance.
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</p><p>When this box is checked, Loudness Normalization will adjust the amplitude separately for the left and right channels of a stereo track. This is useful for correcting stereo recordings of LPs and cassettes which may be unbalanced, as long as significant <a href="click_removal.html" title="Click Removal">clicks are removed</a> first.
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</p><p><br />
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<div id="mono"></div>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Treat_mono_as_dual-mono">Treat mono as dual-mono</span></h2>
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<p>"Dual mono" is when a 2 channel track has identical audio in both left and right channels. A "dual mono" track will sound identical to a (1 channel) mono track that has the same audio as either channel of the "dual mono". However, the EBU R 128 specification does not take account of this, and the 2 channel "dual mono" track will measure at 3 dB higher than the 1 channel version, even though they sound identical on playback. To counter this effect, Audacity allow you to measure a mono track as if it were a dual stereo track, thus giving the same loudness measurement for a mono recording whether it is one channel mono, or 2 channel mono.
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</p><p>When this box is checked (the default), Loudness will internally double the amplitude of pure mono signals during the LUFS calculation. This is necessary to make mono tracks sound equally loud as dual-mono or stereo tracks on all known audio drivers since they ignore pan law.
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</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top">However, this differs from many other LUFS meters. set this "<b>off</b>" if you require compatibility with meters that measure mono tracks 3 LU lower.
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Workflow_order">Workflow order</span></h3>
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<p>Adjusting the audio's maximum amplitude with this effect is normally best performed as a final editing step prior to export of the production audio.
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<div align="center"><ul id="f_list"><li>This version created on 2025-12-04 - <a href="https://alphamanual.audacityteam.org/man/Loudness_Normalization">Check current version of this page (development Manual)</a></li></ul></div>
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